C I N 
C I N 60 5 
35. Cinerariacru'enta,orpurpIe-leavedcineraria: flowers 
cymed; leaves cordate, angular, purple underneath ; pe¬ 
tioles eared at the bale. Native of the Canary Iflands ; 
introduced in 1777 by Maflon. 
36. Cineraria lobata, or lobed cineraria: flowers co- 
rymbed ; leaves roundiffi, many-lobed, fmooth; petioles 
eared at the bafe; calyxes fubcalicled. This has the herb 
of a cinerarias but, having a brabte or two under the 
calyx, like a calycle, it can icarcely be diftinguiflied front 
a lenecio. Found at the Cape ol Good Hope by Maflon ; 
and introduced in 1774. 
37. Cineraria repanda, or Loureiro’s cineraria: pani- 
cled, diffuied ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, l'errate-repand, 
fmooth. Stem fuffruticofe, ereft, round, fmooth, four feet 
high, branched $ leaves alternate; flowers yellow, termi¬ 
nating. Native of China, near Canton, defcribed by Lou- 
reiro, whole name we have given it to diftinguiflt it from 
the z8th fpecies. 
38. Cineraria minuta, or fmall cineraria ; leaves pinna- 
tirid; Item one-flowered, capillary. Root annual; Items 
often two, capillary, two inches high, at.firlt woolly, but 
afterwards almolt lmooth, one-flowered ; leaves alternate, 
feflile, violet-coloured underneath. Native of Spain, near 
Aranjuez; flowering in May. 
39. Cineraria glabra, or lmooth cineraria : flowers co- 
rymbed ; calyxes cylindric; leaves oblong, acute, fome- 
what toothletted, nervelefs fmooth on both fides, and 
a little fucculent; Item (hrubby. 40. Cineraria difcolor: 
flowers corymbed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
fomewhat toothletted, fmooth, beneath white tomentofe; 
Item llirubby. Native of Jamaica. 
Propagation and Culture. Ail the forts may be increafed 
by cuttings, planted in a lhady border during the fummer 
months, and duly watered. Thefe will put out roots in 
a month or live weeks, foon after which it will be proper 
to tranfplant them into pots, becaule their roots are very 
apt to fpread in the full ground. As moll of thele plants 
grow naturally at the Cape of Good Hope, they are too 
tender to live through the winters in England, in the 
open air; yet, if they are nurfed tenderly, they are apt 
to draw up weak; the fureft way, therefore, to prelerve 
them, is to make young plants annually from cuttings, 
and to place them in a common hot-bed frame in winter, 
where they may enjoy the full air in mild weather, but be 
fcreened from the frolt; and in fummer to place them 
abroad with other hardier forts of exotic plants. 
The twelfth is hardier; and, when the cuttings or flips 
are well rooted, they lhould be planted in a dry'rubbilhy 
foil, where they will refill the cold of our ordinary winters 
very well, and continue many years; but, in rich moift 
ground, the plants are often fo very luxuriant in fummer, 
as to be killed in winter where there is much frolt. The 
29th is by fome perfons kept in the itove, and may be 
irtade to flower earlier by that means; but it fucceeds 
better in a common greenhoule, with no more heat than 
is.juft neceflary to keep out the frolt; it may, indeed, be 
kept in a common hot-bed frame, unlefs the weatherprove 
very levere. What renders this plant a more valuable ac- 
quilition to the greenhoufe, is its hardinefs, its readinefs 
to flower, and the facility with which it may be propa¬ 
gated by cuttings. As this plant, with many others which 
are obliged to be confined, is liable to be infelled with 
aphides, or, in vulgar phrafe, to become loufy 5 the bell 
way to have handlome, healthy, ftrong-flowering, plants, 
is to procure a conftant luccelfion by cuttings,' which 
ftrike very readily, if placed in a pot, and plunged into 
a bed of tan. See Othonna Abrotanifolia, and 
Othonna Frutescens. 
CINERA'TION,/ [from cineres , Lat.] The reduction 
of any thing by fire to allies. A term of cliemiftry. 
CINERI'TIOUS, adj. [cinericius , Lat.] Having the 
form or ftate of alhes.—The nerves arile from the glands 
of the cineritious part of the brain, and are terminated in 
all parts of the body. Chejne. 
CINE'RULENT, adj. [ cineres , Lat.] Full of alhes. 
CINE'SI, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Mazara : 
Vol. IV. No. 223, 
excellent manna is colleited in its neighbourhood : twenty 
miles weft of Palermo. 
CI'NGLE,/.’ [ cingulum , Lat.] A girth for a horfe. 
CIN'GULUM VE'NERIS,/in chiromancy, the girdle 
of Venus, the figure of a.femicircle drawn from a fpace 
between the middle finger, to the fpace between the mid¬ 
dle finger and ring finger. 
CIN'NA (L. Corn.), a Roman who opprefled the re¬ 
public with his cruelties. He was banilhed by Oftavius 
for attempting to make the fugitive Haves free. lie join¬ 
ed himfelf with Marius; and with him at the head of the 
(laves he defeated his enemies, and made himfelf conful 
even to a fourth time. He maflacred lo many citizens at 
Rome, that his name became odious; and one of his 
officers aflaffinated him at Ancona, as he was preparing 
war againft Sylla. 
CIN'NA (C. Helvius), a poet intimate with Ctefar. 
He went to attend the obfequies of Ctefar, and being mif- 
taken by the populace for the other Cinna, he was torn 
to pieces.—Alfo a grandfon of Pompey’s. He confpired 
againft Augullus, who pardoned him, and made him one 
of his molt intimate friends. He was made conful in the 
year of Rome 785, and made Augullus his heir. 
CIN'NA, f. in botany, a genus of the clafs monandria, 
order digynia, in the natural order of grades. The ge¬ 
neric characters are—Calyx: glume one-flowered, two-* 
valved, comprefled, linear, keeled, acuminate ; one valve 
(horter, mucronated. Corolla: glume bivalve, compreff- 
ed, linear ; outer valve within the fmaller valve of the ca¬ 
lyx, longer, with fomewhat of an awn below the tip ; in¬ 
ner (lender, Ihorter. Stamina: filament one, capillary; 
anther oblong, forked at each end. Piltillum : germ tur¬ 
binated ; ftyles two, capillary, very (hort; ftigmas longer, 
plumous. Pericarpium: none; glume involving. Seed: 
one, cylindric.— Effential Character. Calyx, glume two- 
valve, one-flowered; corolla, glume two-valve; feed, 
one. 
There is but one fpecies, called cinna arundinacea. It 
is a grafs, the (ize of oats ; root perennial; culms many ; 
leaves broadifli, fmooth, many-nerved, rugged about the 
edge 5 panicle glaucous, oblong, attenuated, fomewhat 
comprefled, compofed of imbricate racemes; keel of the 
calyx rough, one of the valves having an awn-like pointj 
anther purple ; ftyles hirfute. Native of Canada ; whence 
the feeds were fent by Kalm. Since this grafs varies with 
one, two, and three, ftamens, it may very reafonably be 
afl’ociated with the agroftides ; accordingly, it is now ge¬ 
nerally agreed to remove it into that genus; and Retzius 
affigns it the following fpecific charadter: Panicle con- 
tradled, awnlefs; flowers acuminate, with one, two, or 
three, ftamens; leaves plane, rugged. 
CIN'N'ABAR, [ cinnabaris , Lat.] An ore of mercury, 
confiding of that metal united with fulphur. This com¬ 
bination is alfo made by art. The native cinnabar is of 
different (hades, from yellowifti to a deep red, and even 
black. It is found either in hard or friable mafl’es, irre¬ 
gularly figured or cryftalized in cubes, fometimes though 
rarely tranfparent, and its texture is either radiated, • 
ftriated, fcaly, or granular. One hundred parts contain 
pretty regularly eighty parts mercury and twenty ful¬ 
phur. In clofed veflels it fublimes by heat, but in open 
vefiels it is decompofed. The principal cinnibar mines 
which are wrought in Europe, are thole of the Palatinate 
and thofe of Spain. In the Palatinate the ore is decom- 
poied by mixing it with one third of its weight of lime, 
and diftillation in iron cucurbits one inch thick, three 
feet nine inches long, one foot wide, with an aperture of 
five inches. Thefe veifels are difpofed in a gallery j forty- 
eight being arranged in two parallel lines, a fecond row 
above the firll. An earthen pot is one third part filled 
with water, adapted to the neck of each cucurbit, and ac¬ 
curately luted on. The gallery is heated by afire light¬ 
ed at the two ends, and (everal apertures, formed in the 
upper part, ferve the purpofe of chimneys. The heat is 
kept up for ten or twelve hours before the procefs is 
finilhed. The fame procefs was alfo followed at Alma- 
7 P den 
