606 C I N 
den in Spain, till the year 1647, when the following was 
adopted on account of its greater fnnplicity and economy. 
The furnace is twdve feet high, and four feet and a Half 
diameter within. At the diftance of five feet and a half 
from the ground is an arched floor, upon which the ore 
is depofited, and, a fire is kindled in the a(h-hole. The 
fublimed mercury efcapes through twelve apertures, for¬ 
med in the upper part of the laboratory.. To thefe aper¬ 
tures rows of aludels inferted one in the other are adjult- 
ed, and difpofed parallel upon a terrace, which terminates 
in a fmal 1 building feparated into as many chambers as 
there are files of aludels. Each chamber has a cavity in the 
middle, to receive the {'mail-quantity of mercury which 
may arrive to that diftance. Every furnace contains two 
hundred quintals of cinnabar, and the fire is kept up for 
three days. The fulphur which burns is difengaged in 
the form of fulphurous. acid, and-efcapes through finall 
chimneys made in each chamber. Every repetition of 
the procefs affords from twenty-five to lixty quintals of 
mercury. The mine of Almaden has been wrought from 
time immemorial. Its veins are from three to fourteen 
feet in breadth; and their breadth is even larger where 
they join. 
Artificial cinnabar is known in commerce by the name 
of vermilion, and ought to be ufed inflead of native, in 
all cafes wherein this compound is meant to be applied to 
medical purpofes, on account of its greater purity. The 
manufafture of this pigment has long been in the hands 
of the Hollanders, who carefully kept it a feoret; and as 
there is fome difficulty in perfeftly fucceeding in the pro¬ 
cefs, chemical writers have given various methods of per¬ 
forming it. The manufactory of artificial cinnabar at 
Amfterdam, is. one of the molt conliderable in Holland. 
Forty-eight thoufand pounds of vermilion are faid to be 
annually made in three furnaces by four workmen, be¬ 
sides other mercurial preparations. Their ethiops mineral 
is firlt prepared by mixing together 150 pounds of ful¬ 
phur with 1080 pounds of pure mercury, and then expo- 
iing the mixture to a moderate heat in a flat-bottomed 
polilhed iron veflel, one foot in depth, and two feet and 
a half in diameter. : its form is that of a chocolate ma¬ 
chine. The mercurial ethiops thus prepared is then 
pounded, in order more readily to be put into fmall 
earthen bottles, capable of holding each about twenty- 
four ounces of water. Thirty or forty of thefe bottles 
are filled in.readinefs for the fubfequent operation. In 
the next place three large pots, or fublimatory veflels, 
made of clay and very pure land, are taken. Thefe vef- 
fels are previoufiy covered with a coating of lute, which 
is fullered to become perfeftly folid and. dry before the 
veflel is ufed, Thefe pots are placed over three furnaces, 
upon iron circles. The fublimatory vefiels may be of 
different fixes, and the furnaces are conftrufted in fuch 
a manner as that the flame circulates freely round the 
vefiels to two thirds of their height. 
When the vefiels are duly placed in their furnaces, a 
moderate fire is firlt lighted, which is gradually railed un¬ 
til they become red hot. The fuel is turf, or peaf, 
commonly ufed throughout the United Provinces. As 
i'oori as the vefiels are. red hot, a bottle of the ethiops 
is poured into the firlt, another into the fecond, and ano¬ 
ther into the third. In the fubfequent progrefs of the 
operation, two, three, and perhaps more bottles may be 
poured in at a time ; but this depends on the ltrength of 
the inflammation exhibited by the ethiops after its intro¬ 
duction, the flame of which fometimes riles to the height 
of four, and even to fix, feet. When.this is a little dimi- 
nifhed, the mouth of the veflel is covered with a plate of 
iron, one foot fquare, and an inch and a half thick, which 
perfectly clofes it. In this way, during thirty-four hour?, 
the whole of the prepared matter is introduced into three 
pots ; that is to fay, for each pot three hundred and lixty 
pounds of mercury, and fifty of fulphur. After all the 
ethiops been has introduced, the fire is duly kept up ; and, 
when the whole fubliination has taken place, it is fullered 
C I N 
to go out, which requlres thirty-fix hours from firft tokff. 
The workmen know when the fire is too flrong, or too 
weak, by the appearance of.the flame when the iron co¬ 
ver is taken off: if too flrong, the flame riles to the height 
of leveral feet; if, on. the contrary, it be too weak, "the 
flame barely appears playing about the edges of the pot. 
The proper degree of heat is when, upon taking off the 
cover, a brifk flame appears, but does not rife more titan 
three or four inches above the opening. In the laft thirty- 
fix hours, the mafs is ftirred every quarter or half an 
hour with an iron triangle,'.to accelerate the fublimntion; 
When the whole is cool, the vefiels are taken but by 
means of iron circles, which prevent their breaking. The 
cinnabar is taken out by breaking the veflel. Each vef- 
fel conftantly affords four hundred pounds of cinnabar, 
the lofs of original, weight in each being ten pounds. 
The workmen relieve each other night and day, every 
twdve 'hours. They likewifg manufacture on the lame 
preinifes the corrofive fublimate of mercury, and the red 
calx called red precipitate. Cinnabar is a word now con¬ 
fined to the native and factitious forts; but formerly it 
was applied to dragon's biood, madder-root, cerufe cal¬ 
cined to rednefs,.and to fundry other articles —For the 
modern names, and latelt methods, of preparing ethiops, 
and cinnabar, fee Chemistr y, p. 282, of this volume. 
CIN NADON, a Lacedaemonian youth, who refolved 
to put to death the Ephori, and feize upon the fovereign 
power. His confpiracy was difeovered, and he was put 
to death. Arifot. 
CIN'N AMON, [y.iviia.u'oaov, front patp kinnamon Arab.] 
the bark of feveral fpecies of laurusV The true cinnamon 
is from the laurus cinnantomum ; and the bafe cinnamon, 
which is often fold for the true, is from the laurus caflia. 
See Laurus, The white cinnamon, called alfo Winter’s 
bark, is the bark of a tree frequent in the ifland of St, 
Domingo, Guadaloupe, &c. See C anella, 
CIN'NAMUS, a Greek hiltorian, who wrote a hiftory 
of the eaftern eihpire, during the reigns of John and Ma¬ 
nuel Commenes, from 1118 to n His ftyle is reckoned 
the bell of the modern Greek authors. He died after 1183, 
ClN'NERETH, Cinereth, Chinerf.th, (Mofes,) or 
Gennesareth, in ancient geography, a lake of the 
Lower Galilee; called the Sea oj Galilee,' (Matthew;) of 
'Tiberius, (John.) Its name Gennefaretb is from a fmall 
cognominal djltriCl upon it. In breadth forty ftadia, in 
length 140. The water ffrefh and fit to drink, and abound¬ 
ing in filh. 
CINQUE, f. [French.] A five. It is ufed in games, 
alone ; but is often compounded with other words, to de- 
fignate five parts. 
CINQUE-FOIL,/, [cinque feuille, Fr.J A kind of five¬ 
leaved clover. See Potentilla, Sibbaldia, and 
COMMARUM. 
. CINQUE MARS, a town in France, in the department 
of the IndrC and Loire : ten miles north-well of Tours. 
CINQUE-PACE,/, [cinque pas, Fr.J A kind of grave 
dance, of five (low.Heps.—Wooing, wedding, and repent¬ 
ing, is a Scotch jig, a meafure, and a cinque-pace. The 
firlt fuit is hot and halty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fan- 
taltical; the wedding, mannerly and modell, as a meafure 
full of Hate and gravity ; and then comes repentance, and 
with his bad legs, falis into the cinque-pace falter and falter, 
till he finks into the grave. Sbakefpearer 
CINQUE PORTS, [quinquepartus, Lat.J Thofehavens 
that lie towards France, and therefore have been thought 
by our kings to be fuch as ought to be vigilantly guarded 
and preferved againlt invafion : in which refpeft they have 
an efpecial governor, called lord warden of the cinque-ports, 
and divers privileges granted them, as a peculiar junfdic- 
tion; their warden having not only the authority of an 
admiral amonglt them, but fending out writs in his own 
name, &c. 4 Inf. 222. Cambden fays, that Kent is ac¬ 
counted the key of England; and that William the Con¬ 
queror was the firlt that made aconltable of Dover caltle, 
and warden of the cinque-ports, which he did to bring 
that 
