C I s 
plant whence ladanum is produced, although in a war¬ 
mer climate it affords a fimilar gum. There is a variety, 
which Miller makes a diltindt fpecies : it has iinooth 
branches, covered witii a reddifh-brown bark. The 
leaves are narrow-lanceolate, whitifh on their under fide, 
of a dark green above, having three longitudinal veins. 
The petals are very large, roundifh, white, with a large 
purple fpot at their bale. The whole plant exfudes a 
f'weet. glutinous fubftance in warm weather, w hich has a 
very ffjong balfamic fcent, and perfumes the air to a 
great diffance. It flowers from June to Auguff. There 
is a variety with white flowers, having no purple fpots, 
which is in all other refpedts the fame with this. 
6 Ciffus Monfpelienfis, or Montpelier gum-ciftus ; 
leaves linear-lanceolate, leffile, villofe on both fides, three- 
nerved. Stem flender, from three to four feet high, 
lending out many hairy branches from the bottom up¬ 
wards : leaves very dark green, in warm weather covered 
with a glutinous fweet-fcented fubftance : the peduncles, 
which come out at the ends of the branches, are long, 
naked, and luftain many white flowers, riling above each 
other ; their calyxes are bordered, and end in (harp points. 
It flowers from June to Auguff. According to Linnaeus, 
the upper leaves are broader at the bafe, but the reft are 
linear; they are netted and three-nerved underneath. 
Raceme on long peduncles, often bifid. Capfule, as 
Gtertner fays, five-celled, five-valved ; with four lmooth 
blackifli feeds in each cell : native of Narbonne, and the 
kingdom of Valencia : cultivated in 1656, by JohnTrade- 
fcant, junior. 
The variety, or olive-leaved rock-rofe of Miller, has, 
according to him, the Item about four feet high, with 
hairy, glutinous, eredt, branches; and long, narrow, 
hairy, leaves, ending in points, deep green on both fides, 
having a deep furrow on their upper fide made by the 
midrib. The flowers are on long peduncles at the ends 
of the branches, are of a pale fulphur colour, and have 
an acute bordered calyx. It flowers at the fame time with 
the other. 
7. Ciffus falvifolius, or fage-leaved ciffus : leaves ovate, 
petioled, hirfute on both fides; ffem flender, lmooth, co¬ 
vered with a brown, bark, never rifing more than three 
feet high, and fending out many weak branches fpread- 
ing horizontally : leaves obtufe, without veins, not fo 
foft as in many other fpecies. It flowers from June to 
Auguff : native of Italy, Sicily, Narbonne, Swiflerland 
and Carniola : cultivated before 1551, in.Sion garden. 
8. Ciffus incanus, or hoary rock-rofe, or rofe-ciftus : 
leaves fpatulate, tomentofe, wrinkled ; the lower connate 
at the bafe and fheathing. Native of Spain and Nar¬ 
bonne : cultivated in 1596, by Gerarde. 
9. Ciffus Creticus, or Cretan ladaniferous ciffus: leaves 
fpatulate-ovate, petioled, nervelefs, rugged ; calyxes lan¬ 
ceolate. Branching, diffufed, a foot and a half high and 
more ; Item and branches round, and fomewhat villofe. 
It flowers copioufly in June and July, and the feeds lipen 
in September. Native of the Levant. This is the fpecies 
from which the drug called iadanum is procured. It is a 
refm, which is fecreted from the leaves and other parts of 
the fhrub, and is feraped off by means of a kind of rake, 
to which numerous leathern thcmgs are appended inftead 
of teeth ; this inftrument, being drawn backwards and 
forwards over the plant from time to time, coiletffs the 
refm. Ladanam is feen in different degrees of purity : 
the beft is in dark-coloured maffes, of the confidence of 
a feft plaifter, growing ltill tofter on being handled. It 
is indeed fubjeif to many fophiltications from the more 
or lets careful manner in which it is at firft colletled, and 
from the fradulent praifices of thofe through whole hands 
it afterwards palfes. The chief life of la.lanum in modern 
praftice is in tumigations, its fragrant f’meli having made 
it a conftant ingredient in fuch preparations. Sometimes 
it is uied in troches, and in the Pans Pnarmacopoeia there 
is a pedorai troche in which there is a good quantity of 
ladanum, with mufk aud amber. In the old German 
fhops is kept a tindure of ladanum which is ufed in fe- 
T U S. 619 
male weaknefles, &c. but is not known with us. It ffiould 
be o'oferved that ladanum gives out its a 61 ive matter to 
fpirit of wine, and little or nothing to water, from its 
being entirely refinous, and confequently not foiuble in 
water. 
10. Ciffus albidus, or white-leaved ciffus : leaves ovate- 
lanceolate, tomentofe, hoary, fertile, moftly three-nerved. 
This differs from tlie other fpecies, which it very much re- 
fembles, in the branches being tomentofe, not hairy: the 
leaves paler, loft, horizontal, leffile, by no means either 
petioled, or fheathing, broad-lanceolate, moftly three- 
nerved. Native of Narbonne and Spain : cultivated in 
1656, b}' John Tradelcant, junior. 
n. Ciffus crifpus, or curled-leaved ciffus: leaves 
lanceolate, pubeicent, three-nerved, waved: branches 
weak, flender, woody, lpreading horizontally. This 
fhrub is feldom more than two or three feet in height: 
the corollas are purple; Mia Miller fays white, coming 
out upon naked peduncles from the wings of the leaves, 
in June and July, and lucceeded by ripe feeds in Auguff 
and September, it is a native of Portugal ; and was culti¬ 
vated in 1731, by Mr. Miller. 
12. Ciffus haliinifolius, or fea purflane-leaved ciffus: 
leaves lanceolate, hoary, peduncles wand-like. This is 
an upright fhrub, three or four feet high : branches round, 
afh-coloured, angular at the top, the younger ones dotted 
with yellow : leaves very white, fcarcely foft, without veins, 
obtule, flat, about an inch in length. Peduncle termi¬ 
nating, compound, white : partial peduncles, below op- 
pofite, above alternate. It differs from fev.eral others, 
to which it otherwife bears Come refemblance, in having 
the peduncles in panicles not at all hairy ; the calyxes 
ere£t, fmaller, acute, fomewhat rugged, not ovate, acu¬ 
minate, hirfute ; and the fmaller leaflets inferted into the 
calyx itfelf, not below the bafe of it into the pedicel. 
According to Miller, it rifes four or five feet high, and 
branches from the ground fo as to form a large bufh. 
The leaves on the lower part of the branches have foot- 
ftalks, but thofe at the top coalefce at their bafe and fur- 
round the ftalk. The peduncles are a foot in length, 
naked, hairy ; and put out two or four (hotter peduncles 
on the fide, each fupporting three or four flowers: thefe 
are large, of a bright yellow colour, but of ffioi t dura¬ 
tion : they appear in June and July. It is a native of 
Portugal. Vahl made his defeription from numerous 
fpecimens coliedfed in Barbary : it was cultivated in 
1656, by John Tradelcant, junior. 
13. Ciffus libanotis, or rofemary-leaved ciffus : leaves 
linear, revolute ; flowers umbelled, yellow. A fhrub re- 
f’embling rofemary ; ftem naked, purplifh ; with a few yel¬ 
low flowers : found in Spain by Loefling : introduced 1783, 
by P. M. A. Broulfonet, M. D. 
II. Without ftipules, underfhrubby. 14. Ciffus umbel- 
latus, or umbelled ciffus : procumbent; leaves oppofite ; 
flowers umbelled. Stems low, trailing, woody, teidom 
branching, and not more than four or five inches long ; 
leaves narrow and hoary ; flowers white, in fmall clulters 
at the ends of the ltalks : it leldom continues longer than 
two years. Linnteus obferves, that the umbels are pedun- 
cled. Native of the fouth of France and Spain. Mr. Miller 
fays', he received the feeds from Iltria : he cultivated it 
in 1 73 1 • 
15. Ctftus lsevipes, or cluffer-leaved ciffus : afeending; 
leaves'alternate, fafcicled, filiform, Iinooth; peduncles 
racemed ; root woody, creeping very much ; Items many, 
round, becoming- woody; when young, herbaceous, 
glaucous, branched, diffufed, lpreading horizontally, or 
afeending, very few ereft ; leaves glaceous, linear, narrow, 
acute ; with each leaf come out two others one-third 
fhorter, between thefe from the axil other leaves come 
out fucceflively in the fame manner, fo as to form a bunch 
fitting clofe to the branch. The flowers are thin in vil¬ 
lofe racemes at the ends of the branches, on long fmooth 
pedicels, and are without fcent. Native of the fonth of 
France about Montpellier : cultivated 1690, in the royal 
garden at Hampton Court. 
16. 
