C I T 
leaves villofe. This is a fmall tree, about ten feet in 
height; the trunk and older branches are round and a(h- 
coloured, the younger ones four-cornered and green; the 
young (hoots are villofe; leaves fomewhat rugged on the 
upper furface, extremely loft and villofe on the lower, 
three inches long, with an oblong deep-green glandular 
hole on each fide of the petiole at the top ; flowers nume¬ 
rous, and fmelling extremely fweet; corolla white. Na¬ 
tive of St. Domingo. 
5. Citharexylum melanocardinm, or black-heart fid¬ 
dle-wood : branches quadrangular; racemes terminating, 
compound; flowers four-flamened. This tree frequently 
rifes to the height of forty or fifty feet, and is generally 
looked upon as one of the hardeit and belt timber trees; 
the body grows to a confiderable thicknefs, and is covered 
■with a thick whitifh bark, which, like the grain of the 
wood, winds in a loofe fpiral form; the leaves are pretty 
long, rugged, and flightly ferrate; the flowers are dil- 
poled in bunches at the extremities of the branches ; the 
berries are fmall and yellow, and are fometimes eaten by 
the negroes; they contain each two hemifpheric (hells, 
with two kernels ; the nuts way be ealily parted into two 
lobes or fegments. Native of Jamaica, chiefly in the low 
lands and (avannas. Miller affirms, that the French call 
this tree fiddle, from its faithfulnefs or durability in build¬ 
ing ; and that the Englifli have corrupted the name to 
fiddle-wood, as if it were ufed for making mufical indru- 
ments, which is a miftake. 
Propagation and Culture. The third fort has been long 
preferved in fome of the curious gardens in England for 
the fake of variety; the leaves continuing through the 
year, and being of a fine green colour, make a pretty va¬ 
riety in the ftove during the winter feafon. It may be 
propagated either by feeds or cuttings; the latter is the 
ufual method in England, where the feeds are not pro¬ 
duced ; but, when feeds can be obtained from abroad, the 
plants which rife from them are much better than thofe 
raifed from cuttings. The feeds fliould be fown in fmall 
pots early in the fpring, and plunged into a freffi hot-bed 
of tanners’ bark, and treated in the fame manner as other 
exotic feeds, which are brought from hot countries. If the 
feeds are freffi, the plants will appear in fix or feven weeks, 
and in-about one month more will be fit to tranfplant; 
when this is done, the plants fliould be carefully feparated, 
fo as not to tear or break off their roots, and each planted 
in a fmall pot filled with light frefh earth, and plunged 
into the liot-bed again, obferving to (hade them till they 
have taken freffi root 5 after which they fliould have a 
large (hare of air admitted to them in warm weather, and 
mult be frequently watered; in autumn the plants fliould 
be removed into the bark-fiove, where it will be proper 
to keep them the fil'd winter, till they have obtained 
Itrength ; then they may be afterward kept in a dry dove 
in winter, and in the middle of fummer they may be ex- 
pofed in the open air for two or three months, in a warm 
iituation, with which management the plants will make 
better progrefs than when they are more tenderly treated. 
If the cuttings of thefe plants are planted in 1 'maU pots 
during the fummer months, and plunged into a moderate 
hot-bed, they will take root, and may afterward be treated 
in the fame manner as the feedling plants. 
CI'THERN, fi. \_dthara, Lat.] A kind of harp; a mu¬ 
fical indrument fimilar to the lyre—At what time the 
heathen had profaned it, even in that was it dedicated 
with fongs and citherns, and harps and cymbals, Macc. 
CI'THIBEB, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Mo¬ 
rocco, in the province of Tedla. 
CI'THJM, in ancient geography, a town of Cyprus, 
fit listed in the fouth of the ifland; famous for the birth 
of Zeno, author of the fed called Stoics-, didant two hun¬ 
dred fiadia to the wed of Salamis. Here Ciinon died, in 
his expedition againfl Egypt. A colony of Phcenicians, 
called Chetim ; and hence it is, that not only Cyprus, but 
the other illands and many maritime places, are called 
4-hetim by the Hebrews; now CHiTl. 
V-ox,. IV, No. 2*5, 
C I T 62s 
CI'TIZEN,/ [otu, Lat. citoyen, Fr.] A freeman of a 
city; not a foreigner; not a (lave.—All inhabitants within 
thefe walls are not properly citizens, but only flich as are 
called freemen. Raleigh. —A towndnan ; a man of trade; 
not a gentleman: 
When he fpeaks not like a citizen, 
You find him like a foldier. Shakefpeare « 
An inhabitant; a dweller in any place; a citizen of the 
world : 
Far from noify Rome fecure he lives. 
And one more citizen to Sybil gives. Dryden. 
CITOW', a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Schian; 
ten miles fouth-ead of Raudnitz. 
CITRA'RO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Calabria Citra, near the coad of the Tuf- 
can Sea: eighteen miles wed of Bifignano. 
Cl' TRINE, adj. \_citrinus, Lat.] Lemon-coloured, of a 
dark yellow.—The butterfly, papilio major, has its wings 
painted with citrine and black, both in long breaks and 
(pots. Grew. 
Cl'TRINE,/ [ citrinus , Lat.] A fpecies of crybal of an 
extremely pure, clear, and fine, texture, generally free 
from flaws and blemiflies.. It is ever found in a long and 
(lender column, irregularly hexangular, and terminated 
by an hexangular pyramid; It is from one to four or 
five inches in length. This done is very plentiful in the 
Wed Indies. Our jewellers have learned to call it citrine ; 
and cut dones for rings- out of it, which are often mif- 
taken for topazes. Hills 
CI'TRON-TREE,/ in botany. See Citrus. 
CI'TRON-WATER. See Pharmacy. 
CI'TRUL,/ The fame with pumpion, fo named froro- 
its yellow colour. 
CI'TRUL and CITRUL'LUS. See Cucurbita. 
CI'TRUS,/ [derivation uncertain. Some fay it is from 
the name of a place in Alia. Voffius affirms that it is a 
Latin word, which the Romans had, not from Greece, 
but from Africa. Others fay from the Arabic.] The 
Orange, Lemon, See. In botany, it is a genus of the 
clafs polyadelphia, order Icofandria, natural order bi- 
cornes, (aurantia, Juflieu.) The generic charafters are —< 
Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, five-cleft, flat at the 
the bafe, very fmall, withering. Corolla: petals five, ob¬ 
long, flat, fpreading. Stamina: filaments ufually twenty, 
fubulate, comprefled, ereft, placed in a ring or cylinder, 
united generally into fewer or more bunches; anthers: 
oblong. Pidillum : germ fuperior, roundiffi; (tyle cylin- 
dric, the length of the damens; Itigma globular, nine- 
celled within. Pericarpium : berry with a flefliy rind, the 
pulp bladdery, nine-celled, (feven to eleven, G. nine to 
eighteen, J.) Seeds: in couples, (one to four, G. one or 
two, J.) fubovate, callous; orange has a cordate petiole; 
citron, lemon, and lime, have a naked and Ample petiole. 
Defcription. All the fpecies of citrus are either trees 
of fmall growth or flirubs; leaves evergreen, ovate, or 
ovate-lanceolate, entire or ferrate, pellucid-dotted, the 
petiole frequently margined. On the natural trees there 
are often (olitary axillary fpines; peduncles axillary or 
terminating, one-flowered, or many-flowered. The fpe¬ 
cies feem bed didinguilhed by the petiole, which, in the 
orange and (haddock, is winged; in the citron, lemon, 
and lime, naked. The form of the fruit, although not 
quite condant, may alfo lerve for a dibinfiion. In the 
orange and (haddock it is fpherical, or rather an oblate 
fpheroid, with a red or orange-coloured rind ; in the 
lime, fpherieal, with a pale rind; in the lemon, oblong ? 
with a nipple-like protuberance at tlie end; in the ci¬ 
tron, oblong, with a very thick rind. Miller diftinguiflies 
the citron from the orange, becaufe, in ail the varieties of 
citron which he has examined, he found but ten damens , 
in the flowers, whereas thoie of the orange always have 
more. He treats of citron, lemon, and orange, Separately, 
under the titles of citrus, lemon, and aurantium. It is very 
7 U difficult - 
