634 C 1 V 
cultivated with care. But neither pomp nor power are 
of themfelves able to alleviate the load of life,. The 
heart requires to be foothed by fympathy. A thoufand 
little attentions from all around us are necelfary to 
render our days agreeable. The appearance of negleft 
in any of thole with whom we are c-onnefted, chills our 
bofom with chagrin, or kindles the fire of refentment. 
Nothing therefore feems lo likely to enfure happinefs as 
our mutual endeavours to promote it. Our fingle en¬ 
deavours, originating and terminating in ourfelves, are 
ufu'ally unfuccefsful. Providence has taken care to fecure 
that intercourfe which is neceflary to the exiltence of fo- 
ciety, by rendering it the greateft fweetner of human life. 
By reciprocal attentions we are enabled to become bene¬ 
ficent without expence. A.fmile, and affable addrefs, a 
look of approbation, are often capable of giving a greater 
pleafure than pecuniary benefits can beftow. The mere 
participation of the ftudies and amufements of others, at 
the'fame time that it gratifies ourfelves, is often an aft of real 
humanity ; becaufe others would not enjoy them without 
companions. A friendly vifit in a folitary hour, is often 
a greater aft of kindnefs than a valuable prefent. It is 
really matter of furprife, that thofe who are diltinguilhed 
by rank and opulence, Ihould ever be unpopular in their 
own neighbourhood. They mull know the value of po¬ 
pularity ; and furely nothing is more eafily obtained by 
a fuperior. Their notice confers honour ; and the af- 
piring heart of man is always delighted with diftinftion. 
A gracious look from them diffufes happinefs on the 
lower ranks. But it ufually happens, that an overgrown 
rich man is not the favourite of a neighbouring country} 
and it is unfortunate,- that pride or inadvertence often 
prevent men from afting the godlike part of making others 
happy, even when it would contibute the fame bleifingon 
theinfelves. 
CIVILIZA'TION, f. A law, an aft of juftice, or judg¬ 
ment, which renders a criminal procels civil; which is 
performed by turning an information into an inqueft, or 
the contrary. Harris. —The aft of civilizing and polilh- 
ing the manners of mankind. The primary meaning of 
civilization, fays Mr. Malkin, or as Johnlon writes it, 
civility , is^ freedom from barbarity ; the ftate of being ci¬ 
vilized. Johnfon takes his example from Spencer’s ltate 
of Ii eland. “ The Englifh were at firft as ftout and war¬ 
like a people as ever the Irifh; and yet now are brought 
jtnto that civility, that no nation in the world excelleth 
them in all goodly converfation, and all the ftudies of 
knowledge and humanity.” The definition and the ex¬ 
ample taken together, explain in the fulleft, molt correft, 
and unequivocal manner, the nature of the civilized ftate. 
It confifts in relinquilhing all the ferocious purfuits of 
men, who live in the early and uncultivated periods of 
fociety; as war, hunting, plunder, migrating from place 
to place, promifeuous concubinage, and a courfe of ac¬ 
tion, unreftrained by fettled rules; all of which the favage 
is well contented to refign, when he becomes acquainted 
with the advantages refulting from a change of condition. 
To thefe fucceed peace, agriculture, fecurity, and regu¬ 
lation of property, fixed habitations in cities or villages, 
the ordinances of marriage, and permanent laws for tire 
direftion of human conduft ; licence is improved into li¬ 
berty, and the rights pf nature confirmed by the fanftions 
of the focial compaft. In this fituation, the faculties of 
the mind begin to.develope theml’elves; the fountains of 
knowledge are difeovered, and its ftream diffufed; goodly 
converfation, and the ftudies of humanity, exalt the citi¬ 
zen above the barbarian. 
To CI'VILIZE, v. a. To reclaim from favagenefs and 
brutality; to inltruft in the arts of regular life: 
We fend the graces and the mufes forth 
To civilize and to inltruft the North. Waller. 
CFVILIZER, f. He that reclaims others from a wild 
and favage life j he that teaches the rules and cuftoms- of 
e.vility t 
CIV 
The civilizers! the difturbers fay; 
The robbers, the corrupters of mankind ! Philips: 
CI'VILLY, adv. In a manner relating to government, 
or to the rights or charafter of a member of a commu¬ 
nity 5 not naturally.—Men that are civil lead their lives 
after.one common law ; for that a multitude Ihould, with¬ 
out harmony, concur in the doing of one thing, (for this 
is civilly to live,) or Ihould manage community of life, 
it is not poftible. Hooker. —Not criminally.—That accu- 
fation, which is public, is either civilly commenced for 
the private fatisfaftion of the party injured ; or elfe cri¬ 
minally, that is, for fome public punilhment.—Politely; 
complailantly ; gently; without rudenefs ; without bru¬ 
tality—I will deal civilly with his poems: nothing ill is 
to be fpolcen of the dead. Dryden. 
He thought them folks that loft their way. 
And aik’d them civilly to fray. Priori 
Without gay or gaudy colours.—The chambers were 
handfome and cheerful, and furnifhed civilly. Bacon. 
CFVITA, a town of Italy, in the Breflan, on the Oglios 
twenty-five miles weft of Brefcia. 
CFVITA d’ANTINA, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra: twelve 
miles fouth of Celano. 
CFVITA AQUANA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom 
of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra: fifteen miles 
eaft of Aquila. 
CFVITA BORELLO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom 
of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Citra: nineteen miles 
north-north-eaft of Molefe. 
CFVITA di CASCIA, a town of Italy, in the ftatej of 
the Church, and province of Umbria: five miles fouth- 
vveft from Norcia. 
CFVITA CASTELLANA, a town of Italy, in the 
ftate of the Church, and patrimony of St. Peter, fituated 
on a mountain near the Tiber, the fee of a bilhop, held 
immediately from the pope, and at prefent united with 
Orta: twenty-four miles north of Rome. 
CFVITA di CHIIiTI, or TETI, a city of Italy, in the 
kingdom of Naples, and capital of the province of Abruzzo 
Citra, the fee of an archbilhop. It contains four churches 
and nine convents, and is fituated near the Pefeara : fe- 
venty-five miles north of Capua, and ninety-three north 
of Naples. Lat. 4.2. 4-2. N. Ion. 32.28. E. Ferro. 
CFVITA LAVINIA, a town of Italy, in the Cam- 
pagna di Roma: four miles from Veletri. 
CFVITA LUPARELLA, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Citra: two miles 
north of Civita Borello. 
CFVITA MANDONIA, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and provinceof Calabria Citra: fifteen 
miles north-north-eaft of Bifignano. 
CFVITA a MARE, a town of Italy, in the kingdom 
of Naples, and province of Capitanata: thirteen miles 
eaft-fouth-eaft of Terinola. 
CFVITA NUOVA, a town of Italy, in the marquifate 
of Ancona, in the road from Loretto to Fermo: feven 
miles from the former, and nine from the latter. 
CFVITA m PENNA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom 
of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra, the fee of. a 
bifhop, fuftragan of Chieti: ten miles fouth-eaft of Te- 
ramo. 
CFVITA REAL, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra : thirteen miles 
north-weft of Aquila. 
CFVITA di St. ANGELO, a town of Italy, in the 
kingdom of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra, fitu- 
ated on a mountain : three miles from Poto di Salino. 
CFVITA TOMASSA, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra: fix miles 
fouth-vveft of Aquila. 
CFVITA TURCHINO, a place in Italy, about two 
miles north of the town ol Corneto. It is an hill of an 
oblong 
