C L A 
a line in length, bearing at the top a round head, about 
the fize of a rape feed, at the firlt very tender, and con¬ 
tains a liquor like milk; from that they turn to a beauti¬ 
ful orange colour, and.after that to an olive. When ma¬ 
ture, and fit for examination, I looked at a great many of 
them through the explacator; and fome amongft them 
■were juft; opening at the top : one of thefe I laid on the 
talc in the Aider, and viewed it through the fdver fpecu- 
lum. At the firft I was much furprifed to fee a part of 
the fibres, that had got through the rupture, moving like 
the legs of a fly when laid on its back. I then burlt it 
with the point of a pin, and was furprifed ftill more, when 
I faw it had the appearance of a little bundle of worms 
entangled together, or fibres all alive. I next took the 
little bundles of fibres quite out, and the animal motion 
was then fo exceeding ftrong as to turn it half round, firlt 
one way and then another, and two or three times it got 
out of the focus. Aimoft every fibre had a different mo¬ 
tion ; fome of them twined one round another, and then 
untwined again, while others were bending, extending, 
coiling, waving, &c. The fibres had many little balls 
adhering to their fides, which I take to be the feeds; I 
obferved many of thefe were difengaged at every motion 
of the fibres. I diltinguiflied many of the fibres, and they 
appeared under the lens as thick as a horle-hair, and were 
all exactly of the fame length, which was, to my appre- 
lienfion, about two inches; they were fmalleft at each 
end, which, together with their vermicular motion, gave 
them the ftrongelt refemblance of little live worms. 1 ex¬ 
amined many of them, at various times, and always found 
the motion precifely the fame ; but tlrongeft when recent, 
and on the firft burlting. The feeds appeared like gun¬ 
powder finely granulated.” 
To CLAT'TER, v.n. [clatjiunge, a rattle, Sax.] To 
make a noife by knocking two fonorous bodies frequently 
together: 
Now the fprightly trumpet from afar 
Had rous’d the neighing (feeds to fcour the fields, 
While the fierce riders clatter'd on their fhields. Dryden. 
To utter a noife by being ftruck together.—All that night 
was heard an unwonted clattering of weapons, and of men 
running to and fro. Knolles. —To talk fait and idly.—All 
thofe airy fpeculations, which bettered not men’s manners, 
were only a noife and clattering of words. Decay of Piety. 
To CLAT'TER, -v. a. To ftrike any thing fo as to 
make it found and rattle : 
•When all the bees are gone to fettle. 
You clatter ftill your brazen kettle. Swift. 
To difpute, jar, or clamour : a low word. 
CLAT'TER, f. A rattling noife made by the frequent 
and quick collifion of fonorous bodies. A clatter is a cla.Jb 
often repeated with great quicknefs, and fetms to convey 
the idea of a found (harper and (hriller than rattle. —I have 
feen a monkey overthrow all the di£hes and plates in a 
kitchen, merely for the pleafure of leeing them tumble, 
and hearing the clatter they made in their fall. Swift. —It 
is uled for any tumultuous and confuled noife. 
CLA'VA HERCUL 1 S. See Zanthoxvlum. 
CLAVA'RIA,/. in botany, a genus of fungi; one of 
the lowed order in the fcale of vegetation, differing fome- 
times very little in fubftance from the rotten wood whence 
it iffues. It is a linooth oblong body, of one uniform fub¬ 
ftance, Thirteen fpecies are recited in the Syltema Vege- 
tabilium; five Ample, and the reft branched. In Wither¬ 
ing’s Botanical Arrangement there are twenty fpecies, be- 
fides many varieties. They are figured by Schaeffer, Mi- 
cheli, Bulliard, Bolton, Dickfon, See. In Dr. Wither¬ 
ing’s work, the eflential character is, fungus oblong, up¬ 
right, club-draped ; feeds emitted from every part of its 
furface 
CLAW ATED, adj. [clavatus, Lat.] Knobbed; fetwith 
knobs.—Theie appear plainly to have been clavated (pikes 
of (ome kind of echinus ovarius. Vfoodvjard. 
C L A 643 
CLAU'BF.RGE (John), a learned profeflor of philofo- 
phy and divinity at Duifburg, born at Solingen in 1622. 
He travelled into Holland, France, and England ; and in 
each country obtained the efteem of the learned. The 
elector of Brandenburg gave him public teftimonies of 
his efteem. He died in 1665. His works were printed at 
Amfterdam, in 2 vols. 4to. The molt celebrated of thefe 
is his treatife, entitled Logica <vetus et nova. See. 
CLAUDE of Lorraine, a celebrated landfcape painter, 
and a linking example of the efficacy of indultry to call 
forth genius. Claude was born in 1600; and, being dull 
and heavy at fchool, was put apprentice to a paftry-cook; 
he afterwards went to Rome to leek a livelihood ; but be¬ 
ing ill-bred, and unacquainted with the language, no 
body cared to employ him. Chance at length threw him 
in the way of Auguftino Traflo, who hired him to grind 
his colours, and to do his houfehold drudgery, as he kept 
no other fervant. His mafter, hoping to make him fer- 
viceable in fome of his greateft works, taught him, by 
degrees, the rules of perfpeftive, and the elements of de- 
fign. Claude, thus encouraged, and not failing in ap¬ 
plication, came at length to cultivate the art with won¬ 
derful eagernefs. He exerted his utmoft induftry to ex¬ 
plore the true principles of painting by an incelfant ex¬ 
amination of nature, that genuine fource of excellence; 
for which purpofe he made his ftudies in the open fields, 
where he very frequently continued from fun-rife rill the 
dufle of the evening. Hence he perfected his landlcapes 
in fuch a manner, as made them fuperior to thole of all 
the other artifts of his day. The beauties of his paint¬ 
ings are derived from nature herfelf, which he examined 
with uncommon afliduity ; and Sandrat relates, that Claude 
ufed to explain to him, as they walked through the fields, 
the caufes of the different appearances of the fame prof- 
pe< 5 t at different hours of the day, from the reflexions or 
refradtions of light, from dews or vapours, in the even¬ 
ing or morning, with all the precifion of a philofopher. 
Whatever ftruck his imagination, while he obferved na¬ 
ture abroad, was fo ftrongly imprefled on his memory, 
that, on his return to his work, he made the happieft ule 
of it. His (kies are warm and full of luftre, and every 
objedt is properly illumined. His perfpe6tive is admira¬ 
ble ; and in every part a delightful union and harmony 
excite our applaule and our admiration- His invention 
is plefifing, his colouring delicate, and his tints have a 
molt agreeable fweetnefs and variety. He frequently gave 
uncommon beauty to his finifhed trees by glazing; and, 
in his large compofitions which he painted in frelco, he 
was lo exafil that the diftindt fpecies of every tree might 
readily be diltinguiflied. His pictures are now fo rare, 
efpecially fuch as are perfect, that no price is thought 
fuperior to their merit. 
CLAUDE (John), a proteftant divine, born in France 
in 1619. Me(T. de Port Royal, ufing their endeavours to 
convert M. de Turenne to the catholic faith, presented 
him with a book calculated for that end, which his lady- 
engaged Mr. Claude to anfwer ; and his performance 
gave rile to the molt famous controverfy ever carried on 
in France between the catholics and proteftants. On the 
revocation ot the ediX of Nantz, he retired to Holland, 
where he met with a kind reception, and was honoured 
with a confiderable penficn by the prince of Orange. He 
died in 1687 ; and left a fon, Ifaac Claude, whom he lived 
to fee minifter of the Walloon church at the Hague, and 
who pubiilhed feveral excellent works of his deceafed 
father. 
CLAU'DENT, adj. [clandens, Lat.] Shutting; inclof- 
ing ; confining. 
CLAU DIA, a patrician family at Rome, defeended 
from Claufus a king of the. Sabines. It gave birth to many 
ill u it rious patriots.. 
CLAU DIA, a veftal virgin accufed of incontinence. 
To (hew her innocence, (he offered to remove a (hip \\ hich 
hud brought the image ot' Vella to Rome, and had Stuck 
in one of the (hallow places of the river. This had already 
baffled 
