C L A 
and daw no man in bis humour. Shakefpeare. -—To flat¬ 
ter : an obfolete fenfe. To claw off, or away. To fcold; 
to rail at.—You thank the place where you found money ; 
but the jade fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you 
fhould lofe it. U Efi range. 
CLAW'EACK,/ Aflatterer; afycophant; awheed- 
ler.—The pope’s clawbacks. Jewel. 
CLAW'ED, adj. Furnilhed or armed with claws.-— 
Among quadrupeds, of all the clawed, the lion is the 
flrongeft. Grew. 
CLAW'EDOK, a river of Denbighfliire, in North 
Wales, which runs into the Cluyd, four mile north of 
Ruthin. 
CLAY,/, yclai, Welflr; kley, Dut.] Unctuous and te¬ 
nacious earth, fuch as will mould into various forms. 
See Mineralogy, Husbandry, Pottery, and Por¬ 
celain. 
Deep Acheron, 
Whofe troubled eddies, thick with ooze and clay, 
Are whirld aloft. Dry den. 
In poetry. Earth in general; the terreftrial element; 
Why fhould our clay 
Over our fpirits fo much fway ? Donne. 
’To CLAY, <v. a. To cover with clay; to manure with 
clay.—This manuring lafts fifty years : then the ground 
mu ft be clayed again. Mortimer. 
CLAY, a lake of Ireland, in the county of Armagh: 
feven miles fouth of Armagh. 
CLAY, a fmall town on the north coaft of the county 
of Norfolk, having an harbour. It has large faltworks, 
from whence fait is fent to Holland and the Baltic, as 
well as to the coaft of England : it is twenty-eight miles 
from Lynn. 
CLAY-COLD, adj. Lifelefs; cold as the unanimated 
earth : 
I wafli’d his clay-cold corfe with holy drops, 
And faw him laid in hallow'd ground. Rowe. 
CLAY-PIT,/ A pit where clay is dug. 
CLAYE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Seine and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
trift of Meaux : two leagues and a half well of Meaux, 
and five eaft of Paris. 
CLAYES,/ [claye, Fr. in fortification.] Wattles made 
with ftakes interwove with ofiers, to cover the lodgments. 
CLAYET'TE (La), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Saone and Loire, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftrict of Marcigny : three leagues and a half ealt- 
north-eaft of Marcigny. 
CLAY'EY, adj. Confifting of clay; abounding with 
clay.—Some in a lax or fandy, fome in heavy or clayey, 
foil. Derham. 
CLAY’ISH, adj. Partaking of the nature of clay; con¬ 
taining particles of clay.—Small beer proves an un¬ 
wholesome drink ; perhaps, by being brewed with a thick, 
muddifb, and clayijb, water, which the brewers covet. 
Harvey. 
CLAYfMAF.L,/ A whitifh, fmootli chalky, clay.— 
Claymarl refembles clay, and is near a-kin to it; but is 
more fat, and fometimes mixed with chalk-ftones, Mort. 
CLAY'TON (Dr. Robert), a prelate of great learning, 
of diftinguifhed worth and probity, and a refpeftable 
member of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies at Lon¬ 
don, was-advanced to the bifhopric of Killala in Ireland, 
January, 23, 1729; tranflated to the fee of Cork, Decem¬ 
ber >9, 1735 ; to that of Clogher, Auguft, 26, 1745 > and 
died much lamented, February 25, 1758. His publica¬ 
tions are, 1. A Letter in the Philofophical Tranfadtions, 
No. 461. j>. 813. giving an account of a Frenchman fe- 
venty years old, (at Inirtranan, in his diocefe of Corke,) 
who gave fuck to a child. 2. Chronology of the Hebrew 
Bible vindicated, &c. 1751, 4to. 3. An impartial Inquiry 
into the Time of the coming of the Mefliah, 1751, 8vo. 
4. Eflay on Spirit, 1751, 8vo. 5. Vindication of the Hif- 
Vol. IV. .No. 226, 
C L A 64s 
lories of the Old and New Teftament, in anfwer to the 
Objections of the late lord Bolingbroke ; in twoLetteis 
to a young Nobleman, 1752, 8vo, reprinted in 1753. 6. 
A Defence of the Eflay on Spirit, 1753, 8vo. 7. A Jour¬ 
nal from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai, and back again, 
tranflated from a manufcript written by the prefetto of 
Egypt, in company with fome miflionaries de propaganda 
fide at Grand Cairo; to which are added. Remarks on the 
Origin of Hieroglyphics, and the Mythology of the an¬ 
cient Heathens, 1753, 8vo. two editions, 4to. and 8vo. It 
was foon after this publication that his lordfliip became 
(in March 1754) a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. 
8. Thoughts on Self-love, Innate Ideas, Free-will, Tnfte, 
Sentiments, Liberty, and Neceflity, See. occafloned by 
reading Mr. Hume’s works, and the fliort treatife writ¬ 
ten in French by lord Bolingbroke on Compaflion, 1754, 
8vo. 9. A Vindication of the Iliftories of the Old and. 
New Teftament, part 2. adorned with feveral explanatory 
cuts, 1754, 8vo. 10. Letters between the bifliop of Clo¬ 
gher and Mr. William Penn, concerning Baptifm, 1755? 
8vo. 11. A Speech made in the Houfe of Lords in Ire¬ 
land, on Monday, February 2, 1756, for omitting, the Ni- 
cene and Athanafian Creeds out of the Liturgy, 1756, 8vo. 
12. A Vindication, part iii. 1758, 8vo. The three parts of 
the Vindication, with the Eflay on Spirit, were reprinted 
by Mr. Bowyer, in 1 vol. 8vo. 1759 > with fome additional 
notes, and an index of texts of feripture illuftrated or ex¬ 
plained. 
CLAYTO'NIA, /. [from Mr. John Clayton, who col¬ 
lected plants chiefly in Virginia, and fent them to Gro- 
novius, w'ho publiflied them in his Flora Virginica.] In 
botany'-, agenus of the clafs pentandi ia, order monogynia, 
natural order fucculentre. The generic characters are—■ 
Calyx : perianthium bivalve, ovate, tranverfe at the bafe. 
Corolla: petals five, obcordate, with claws, emarginate. 
Stamina: filaments five, fubulate, recurve, a little (hotter 
than the corolla, each inferred into the claw of each petal; 
antherse oblong, incumbent. Piftillum : germ roundilh ; 
ftyle Ample, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma trifid. Pe- 
ricarpium: capfule roundilh, three-celled, three-valved, 
elaftic. Seeds: three, round.— Efi'ential Char after. Ca¬ 
lyx, tw'o-valved ; corolla, five petalled ; ftigma, trifid 5 
capfule, three-valved, one-celled, three-feeded. 
Species. 1. Claytonica Virginica, or Virginian Clayto- 
nia: leaves linear-lanceolate; petals entire. This has a 
fmall tuberous root, which fends out flender Italics in the 
fpring, about three inches high, having.each two or three 
fucculent narrow leaves about two or three inches long, 
of a deep green colour. At the top of the (talk four or 
five flowers are produced in a loofe bunch ; petals thread¬ 
ing, white fpotted, with red on their infide : the flowers 
appear in April, and the feeds ripen in June. It grows 
naturally in Virginia, whence it was fent by Mr. Clayton, 
and cultivated by Mr. Miller before the year 1759. The 
leaves are linear, and the calyxes obtufe. There is a va¬ 
riety with lanceolate leaves, and acutifh calyxes. 
2. Claytonia Sibirica, or Siberian Clatonia: leaves 
ovate. This is a low plant, feldom riling more than two 
or three inches high. The root is tuberous, as in the 
other; flowers red. 
Propagation and Culture. The plants are both propa¬ 
gated by feeds, and alfo from offsets fent out from the 
roots; the feeds fliould be fown upon a fliady border of 
light earth, or in pots filled with the like mould, foon af¬ 
ter they are ripe ; for, if they are kept out of the ground 
till the fpring, the plants will not come up till the next> 
year; whereas thofe which are fown early in the autumn, 
will grow the following fpring, fo that a whole year is 
gained. When the plants come up, they will require no 
other care but to keep them clean from weeds; and, in 
the autumn, if fome old tanners’ bark is fpread over the 
furface of the ground, it will fecure the roots from being 
injured by froft ; but in mild winters they will not require 
proteftion. The bed time to tranlplant the roots is about 
Michaelmas, when they are inactive; but, as they are fmall, 
SB if 
