CLEMATIS. 65i 
was Cultivated in 1596 by Getarde; and is not uncom¬ 
mon now in the nurferies about London. 
16. Ciematis qalycina, or Minorca virgins’s bower : ca- 
lycine involucre approximating; leaves ternate, the in¬ 
termediate one three-parted. Native of Minorca; intro¬ 
duced in 1783 by Monf. Thouin ; flowers in February. 
17. Clematis Americana, or South American virgin’s 
bower, or climber: leaves ternate; leaflets cordate-acu¬ 
minate, quite entire ; flowers corymbed. This has (Long 
climbing- llalks, which fallen themlelves by their clalpers 
to the neighbouring trees* wliereby they are l'upported, 
and rife to the height of tw r enty feet or more; at each 
joint are trifoliate leaves, heart-ftiaped, pointed, and en¬ 
tire; the flowers come out on long, naked, branching, 
axillary peduncles; they are white, and collected into 
roundilh bunches; thefe are fucceeded by feeds lhaped 
like thofe of the common fort, but have long curling 
beards to each, which are finely feathered. It was fent 
to Mr. Miller from Campeachy by Dr. Houftoun. 
18. Clematis Chinenfis, or Chinele virgin’s bower: 
leaves quinate-pinnate; leaflets lanceolate. Stems four- 
cornered, weak, fo as to want fupport, fcarcely climbing; 
flowers fmall; petals linear-lanceolate, dark purple, the 
inner edge painted with a tomentofe line. It was fent 
from China by Bladh. Loureiro has defcribed a plant 
under the name of clematis fwenfis, which is common in 
many parts of the Chinele empire, and feems to be dif¬ 
ferent from Retzius’s; the Hems are round, very long, 
fcandent, and branched; leaves quinate; leaflets ovate- 
lanceolate, quite entire, and fubl'efiile, which Retzius’s 
are not; flower red purple, on many-flowered axillary pe¬ 
duncles : corolla fpreading; feeds three to five. He adds, 
that he has found three plants in Chinele books under 
this name; the firft, which he has examined, with qui¬ 
nate leaves; the fecond, with ternate ; and the third, 
with Ample three-lobed leaves; all having a large fcan¬ 
dent Hem. 
19. Clematis ochroleuca, or yellow-flowered virgin’s 
bower: leaves fimple, ovate, pubefeent, quite entire; 
flowers eredi. This is a low unbranched eredt plant, Angle, 
with a pale yellow flower. Native of North America, 
where it was obferved firft by Banifter; cultivated in 1767 
by Mr. James Gordon ; flowers ir, June and Juiy. 
20. Clematis trifolia, or three-flowered virgin’s bower: 
leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, ferrate; ferratures mucro- 
nate; peduncles three-flowered. Branches llriated,fmooth. 
Native of the ille of Bourbon. Its proper place is between 
the fixth and feventh fpecies. 
21. Clematis minor, or fmall virgin’s bower: leaves 
quinate; leaflets conical, three-nerved; peduncles very 
long. Stem fuffruticofe, round, (lender, not very long, 
fcandent, branched ; flowers white, axillary, feveral to¬ 
gether; llyles four, hairy, a little longer than the corolla. 
Native of the luburbs of Canton in China. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft fort retains its leaves 
all the year, which renders it valuable. This was for¬ 
merly preferved in green-houles in winter, fuppofing it 
too tender to live in the open air in-England ; but now 
it is generally planted in the full ground, where the 
plants thrive much better than in pots, and produce 
plenty of flowers, which they never did when they were 
more tenderly treated ; nor have the plants fufffered from 
fevere frofts; for thole which have been growing in the 
open air at Chelfea, more than fifty years, have refilled 
the greateft cold without covering. This fort does not 
produce feeds in England, it is therefore propagated by 
layers, and alfo from cuttings. If it be propagated by 
layers, it mull be done in the beginning of Oclober, when 
the (hoots of the fame year only (hould be cholen for this 
purpofe; for the older branches do not put out roots in 
lefs than two years; whereas the tender (hoots wiil make 
good roots in one year; thefe mail be pegged down. If 
the (hoots have two inches of earth over them, it will be 
better than a greater depth ; but, then, a little old tan¬ 
ners’ bark fliould be fgread over the furface of the ground 
f 
to keep out the froft; for the plants generally begin flower¬ 
ing about Chriftmas, and at the fame time they are put¬ 
ting out roots, which being but juft formed, may be in¬ 
jured by fevere frofts; thefe layers will have (trong roots 
by the following autumn, when they may be taken from 
the old plant, and tranfplanted where they are defigned 
to remain. When it is propagated by cuttings, they 
fliould be planted in March, in pots filled with good 
kitchen-garden earth, and plunged into a very moderate 
hot-bed, obferving to (hade them from the fun in the 
day-time, and to water them gently two or three times 
a-week, and in lefs than two months they will have taken 
root, when they (hould be gradually inured to the open 
air. The following fummer they may be placed in any 
part of the garden till Michaelmas, and then they (hould 
be turned out of the pots and planted in the full ground, 
either where they are defigned to remain, or into a nurfe- 
ry-bed, to grow a year longer to get ftrength, before they 
are placed out for good. 
All the varieties of purple virgin’s bow'er are propa¬ 
gated by laying doivn their branches ; for, although the 
(ingle flowers fometimes produce feeds in England, yet as 
thefe feeds, when fown, generally remain a whole year in 
the ground before they vegetate, the other, being the 
more expeditious method of increafing thefe plants, is 
generally pracliled ; but, in order to fucceed, thefe layers 
fliould be laid down at a different feafon from the former 
fort; for, when they are laid in the autumn, their (hoots 
are become tough, fo as rarely to put out roots under two 
years; and, after lying fo long in the ground, not one in 
three of them will have made good roots ; fo that many 
have fuppofed thefe plants were difficult to propagate; 
but, fince they have altered their feafon of doing it, they 
have found thefe layers have fucceeded as well as thofe 
of other plants. The bell time for laying down the 
branches is in the beginning of July, loon after they have 
made their firft (hoots, for it is thefe young branches of 
the dime year which freely take root; but, as thefe are 
very tender, there (hould be great care taken not to break, 
them in the operation ; therefore thole branches from 
which thefe (hoots were produced, fliould be brought 
down to the ground, and faftened to prevent their riling ; 
then the young (hoots (hould be laid into the earth, with 
their tops railed upright, three or four inches above 
ground ; and, after the layers are placed down, if the fur- 
face of the ground be covered with mofs, rotten tanners' 
bark, or other decayed mulch, it will prevent the ground 
from drying, fo that the layers will not require watering 
above three or four times, which fliould not be at lefs 
than five or fix days interval; for, when thefe layers have 
too much wet, the tender (hoots frequently rot; or, when 
the young fibres are newly put out, they are fo tender as 
to peri 111 by having much wet; where the method here 
diredted is pradlifed, the layers will more certainly take 
root, than by any other yet pradlil'ed. As 1110ft ot thefe 
plants have climbing branches, they fliould be always 
planted where they may be l'upported, otherwife the 
branches will fall to the ground and appear unfightly; 
fo that unlefs they are properly difpofed, inftead of being 
ornaments to a garden, they will become the reverfe. 
Where there are arbours or feats, with trellis work round 
them, thefe plants are very proper to train up againlt it; 
or, where any walls or other fences require to be covered 
from the fight, thefe plants are very proper for the pur¬ 
pofe ; but they are by no means proper for open borders, 
nor do they anfwer the expedition, when they are inter¬ 
mixed with fhrubs ; for, unlel’s their branches have room 
to extend, they will not be produdtive of many flowers. 
The fort with double flowers is the molt beautiful, and 
that (hould be preferred to thofe with Angle flowers, of 
which a few only fliould be planted for variety. They are 
all equally hardy, and are leldom injured by froft, ex¬ 
cepting in very fevere winters, when fometimes the very 
tender Ihoots are killed; but, if thefe are cut off in the 
fpring, the ftems wiil put out new (hoots. See At-ra- 
GEMEj 
