C L E c L E 653 
Lacedemonians, only amongft whom the bafe and un- that the two Athenian generals fhould be firft fcourged 
generous pleafure of revenge is never put in competition with rods, and then put to death. This laft article ex- 
with that of file wing clemency and moderation to their ceedingly difgufted all wife and compafiionate Syracu- 
enemies, efpecially after their death. Herodot. lib. 9. c. fians. Hermocrates, who was very famous tor his pro- 
77, 78. . bity and juftice, attempted to make fome remonftrances 
Deucetius, according to Diodorus, was chie’f over the to the people, but they would not hear him; and the 
people who were properly called Sicilians. Having united thouts which echoed from all fides prevented him from, 
them all into one body, he became very powerful, and continuing his fpeech. At that inftant, an ancient man, 
formed feveral great enterprizes. It was he who built the venerable for his great age and gravity, who in this war 
city Palica, near the temple of the gods, called Palici. had loft two fons, the only heirs to his name and eftate. 
This city was famous on account of fome wonders which made his fervants carry him to the tribunal for harangues; 
are related'of it; and (till more for the facred nature of and the inftant he appeared, a profound iilence was made, 
the oaths which were there taken, the violation whereof “ You here behold (fays he) an unfortunate father, who 
was laid to be always followed by a fudden and exem- has felt more than any other Syracufjan the fatal effefls 
plary punilhment. This was a fecure afylum for all per- of this war, by the death of two fons, who formed all the 
fons who were opprefted by fuperior power; and efpecially ccnfolation, and were the only fupports of my old age. 
for (laves who were unjuftly abufed, or cruelly treated, by I cannot, indeed, forbear admiring their courage and fe- 
their mafters. They continued in fafety in this temple, licity in facrificing to their country’s welfare a life which 
till certain arbiters and mediators had made their peace; they would one day have been deprived of by the com- 
and there was not a fingle inftance of a mailer’s having mon courfe of nature; but then, I cannot but be fenfibly 
ever forfeited the promife he had made to pardon his affefted with the cruel wound which their death hath 
Haves. This Deucetius, after having been fuccefsful on made in my heart; nor forbear'liating ahd defpifmg the 
a great many occafions, and gained feveral victories, par- Athenians, the authors of this unhappy war, as the mur- 
ticularly over the Syraculians, faw his fortune change derers of my children. But, however, I cannot conceal 
on a fudden by the lofs of a battle, and was abandoned one circumftance, which is, thatrl am lefs fenfible for my 
by the greateft part of his forces. In the confternation private affliftions, than for the honour of my country; 
and defpondency into which fo general and fudden a de- and I fee it expoied to eternal infamy, by the barbarous 
fertion threw him, he formed fuch a refolution as defpair advice which is now given you. The Athenians, indeed, 
only could fuggeft. I-Ie withdrew in the night to Syra- merit the work kind of treatment that could be inflated 
cuie, advanced as fdras the great fquare in the city, and on them, for fo unjuftly declaring wai* againft us; but 
there falling proftrate at the foot of the altar, lie aban- have not the gods, the juft avengers of crimes, punilhed 
doned his life and dominions to the mercy of the Syra- them, and avenged us fufficiently ? When their generals 
cufians; that is, to his profefled enemies. The Angularity laid down their arms, and furrendered, did not they do 
of this fpedtacle drew great numbers of people to it. The this in hopes of having their lives (pared ? And if we put 
magittrates immediately convened the people, and debated them to death, will it be poftible for us to avoid the juft: 
on the affair. They firft hearcfthe orators, whole bulinefs reproach of our having violated the law of nations, and 
was generally to addrefs the people by their fpeeches; and dilhonoured our viftory by unheard-of cruelty ? What 1 
thele animated them prodigioully againft Deucetius, as a will you fuffer your glory to be thus fullied in the face 
public enemy, whom Providence feemed to throw in their of the whole world, and have it faid, that a nation who 
way, to revenge and punilli, by his death, all the injuries firft dedicated a temple to clemency, had not found any 
lie had done the republic. A fpeech in this ftile ftruck all in yours? Surely, victories and triumphs do not give 
the virtuous part of the affembly with horror. The moll an- immortal glory to a city; but the exerciling mercy to- 
cient and the wilelt of the fenators reprefented, “ That wards a vanquilhed enemy, the uling moderation in the 
they were not to confider what punilhment Deucetius de- greateft profperity, and the fearing to offend the gods, 
ferved, but how it behoved the Syracufians to behave on by a haughty and infolent pride. You, doubtlefs, have 
that occafion ; that they ought not to look upon him any not forgotten that this Nicias, whole fate you are going 
longer as an enemy, but as a luppliant, a charafter by to pronounce, was the very man who pleaded your caule 
which his perfon became facred and inviolable. There in the affembly of the Athenians ; and who employed all 
was a goddefs (Nemefis) who took vengeance of crimes, his credit, and the whole power of his eloquence, to dif- 
efpecialiy of cruelty and impiety, and who doubtlefs fuade his country from embarking in this war. Should 
would not fuffer that to go unpunilhed ; that, befides the you, therefore, pronounce fentence of death on this wor- 
balenels and inhumanity there is in infulting the unfor- thy general, would it be a juft reward for the zeal he 
tunate, and in crulhing thofe who are already under one’s (hewed for your intereft ? With regard to myfelf, death 
foot, it was worthy the grandeur and goodnefs natural to would be lefs grievous to me, than the fight of fo horrid 
the Syracufians, to exert their clemency even to thofe an injuftice committed by my countrymen and fellow- 
who lead deferved it.” All the people came into this citizens.” Diod- 1 . 13. p. 14-9. 
opinion, and with one confent fpared Deucetius’s life. CLE'MENCY, is iconologically defcribed, by a beau- 
lie was ordered to refide in Corinth ; and the Syracu- tiful virgin, crowned with a crown of gold, over which 
fians engaged to furnifh Deucetius with all things necef- is feen a radiant fun, holding in her arms a pelican. In 
fary for his fubfifting honourably there. What reader, Rome flie was efteemed as a goddefs, and the Roman 
who compares thefe two different opinions, does not per- fenate ordered a temple to be dedicated to her after the 
•ceive which of them was the noblell and molt generous ! death of Julius Csefar. The poets defcribe her as the 
Diod. p. 67-70. guardian of the world ; and the Roman painters repre- 
The Athenians having made war upon the Syracu- fented her holding a branch of laurel and a fpear, to (hew 
flans, the army of the former, under the command of Ni- that gentlenefs and piety belonged principally to vifto- 
cias and Demofthenes, was totally defeated, and the gene- rious warriors. 
rals obliged to furrender at difcretion. The viflors hav- CLE'MENS (Romanus), bifhop of Rome, where he is 
ing entered their capital in triumph, the next day a coun- faid to have been born, and to have been fellow-labourer 
cil was held to deliberate what was to be done with the with St. Peter and St. Paul. We have nothing remaining 
prifoners. Diodes, one of the leaders of the greateft of his works that is clearly genuine, excepting one epillle, 
authority among the people, propofed, that all the written to quiet fome dilturbances in the church of Co- 
Athenians who were born of free parents, and all fuch rinth; which, next to holy writ, is efteemed one of the 
Sicilians as had joined with them, (hould be imprifoned, moft valuable remains of ecclefiaftical antiquity, 
and be maintained on bread and water only; that the CLE'MENS (Alexandrinus), fo called to diftinguifli 
Haves, and all the Attics, fhould be publicly fold ; and him from the former, was an eminent father of the church. 
Vox.. IV, No. 227. SD who 
