654 C L E 
who flouriftied at the end of the fecond and beginning of 
the third centuries. He was the fcholar of Pantsenus, and 
the inftruCtor of Origen. The belt edition of his works 
is that in 3 vols, folio, publilhed in 1715, by archbifhop 
Potter. 
CLE'MENT, [ clemens , Lat.] Meek, gentle, courteous; 
alfo a proper name of men. 
CLE'MENT V. the firft pope who made a public fale 
of indulgences. He tranfplanted the holy fee to Avignon 
in France, greatly contributed to the fuppreffion of the 
knights templars, and was author of a compilation of the 
decrees of the general councils of Vienna, ftiled Clemen¬ 
tines. He died in 13:4. 
CLF/MENT VII. (Julius de Medicis), pope, memo¬ 
rable for his refilling to divorce Catharine of Arragon 
from our Henry VIII. and for the bull he publilhed upon 
the king’s marriage with Anne Boleyn ; which, accord¬ 
ing to the Romilh authors, loft him England. He died 
in 1534. 
CLE'MENT XIV. (Francis Laurentius Ganganelli), 
born at St. Angelo, in the duchy of Urbino, in Oftober 
1705, and elected pope in 1769 ; at which time the fee of 
Rome was involved in a dangerous conteft with the houfe 
of Bourbon. His reign was troubled with the collifion 
of parties on the affairs of the Jefuits ; and it is faid that 
his latter days were embittered by the apprehenfions of 
poifon. Hence he often complained of the heavy burden 
which he was obliged to bear; and regretted, with great 
fenfibility, the lofs of that tranquillity which he enjoyed 
in his retirement when only a Ample Francifcan. He was, 
however, fortunate in having an opportunity, by a lingle 
ail, to diftinguifli a (hort adminiltration of live years in 
fuch a manner, as will ever prevent its finking into obli¬ 
vion. This ait was the fupprelfion of the order of the 
jefuits. His death happened in the feventieth year of his 
age. By whatever fpecies of poifon the life of- the en¬ 
lightened Ganganelli was abridged, it is now pretty ge¬ 
nerally fuppofed that his death was not natural. It is 
well known that, at the moment of ligning the famous 
bull of motu propria, which pronounced the extinction of 
the fociety of the Jefuits, Clement hefitated, and, from a 
kind of prefentiment, laid, “ I am well aware that I am 
going to iign my death warrant; but that is of no con- 
lequence.” His diifolution enfued fourteen months after¬ 
ward, and the Jefuits and their partifans dared to celebrate 
It as a triumph. The majority of the cardinals never par¬ 
doned him for having put his name to this bull ; for the 
jefuits ever were the fureft props, the mod dexterous 
champions, and the molt devoted adherents, of the holy 
fee. Ganganelli was a man of a virtuous character, pol- 
fefled of conliderable abilities, and died much regretted 
by his fubjeits. 
CLEMEN'TI, a town of European Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Albania: forty-four miles north of Dulcigno. 
CLEMEN'TINE,/! A term uled among the Augullins, 
"who apply it to a perfon who, after having been nine years 
a fuperior, ceafes to be fo, and becomes a private monk," 
under the command of a fuperior. The word has its rife 
hence, that pope Clement, by a bull, prohibited any fu¬ 
perior among the Auguftins from continuing above nine 
years in his office. Clementines, in the canon law, are 
the confutations of pope Clement V. and the canons of 
the council of Vienne. 
CLEMO'NT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Loiret: four leagues fouth-weft of Gien. 
CLEMO'NT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Marne.: four leagues eaft of Chaumont. 
CLE'NARD (Nicholas), a celebrated grammarian in 
the fixteenth century, born at Dieft; and, after having 
taugh t humanity at Louvain, travelled into France, Spain, 
Portugal, and Africa. He wrote in Latin, 1. Letters re¬ 
lating to his Travels, which are very curious and fcarce. 
2. A Greek Grammar, which has been revifed and cor- 
reited by many grammarians 3 and other works. He died 
at Grenoble, in 1542. 
C L E 
CLENCH. See Clinch. 
CLENZE (Lower), a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Lower Saxony, .and principality of Luneburg Zell: 
eight miles fouth-weft of Luckow. 
CLEOBIS and Biton, in fabulous hiftory, two youths, 
fons of Cydippe, the prieftefs of Juno, at Argos. When 
oxen could not be procured to draw their mother’s cha¬ 
riot to the temple ot Juno, they put themfelves under the 
yoke, and drew it forty-five ftadia to the temple, amidft 
the acclamations of the multitude, who congratulated the 
mother on account of the piety of her fons. Cydippe en¬ 
treated the goddefs to reward the piety of her Ions with 
the heft gift that could be granted to a mortal. They 
went to reft and awoke no more ; and, by this, the god¬ 
defs (hewed that death is the only true happy event'that 
can happen to a man. The Argives railed them llatues 
at Delphi. Cal. Maximus. 
CLEOBULI'NA, a daughter of Cleobulus, remarkable 
for her genius, learning, judgment, and courage. She 
compoftd aenigmas, fome of which have been pieferved. 
One of them runs thus: A father had twelve children, 
and thefe twelve children Had each thirty white fons and 
thirty black daughters, who are immortal, though they 
die every day. In this there is no need of an CEdipus to 
difcover that there are twelve months in the year, and 
that every month confifts of thirty days, and of the fame 
number of nights. Laert. 
CLF.OBU'LUS, one of the feven wife men of Greece, 
fon of Evagoras of Lindos, famous for the beautiful (hape 
of his body. He wrote fome verfes, and died in the 70th 
year of his age, before Chrift 564. Plutarch. 
CLEOM'BRO PUS, fon of Paufanias, king of Sparta, 
after his brother Agefipolis I. He made war° again ft the 
Boeotians ; and, left he fliould be fufpeited of treacherous 
communications with Epaminondas, he gave that general 
battle at Leu&ra, in a very difadvaiitageous place. He 
was killed in the engagement, and his army^deftroyed, 
before Chrift 371. Xenophon. —A fon-in-law of Leonidas 
king of Sparta, who, for a while, ufurped the kingdom, 
after the expulfion of his father-in-law. When Leonidas 
was recalled, Cleombrotus was banifhed; and his wife, 
Chelonis, who had accompanied her father, now accom¬ 
panied her hufband in his exile. Paufanias. 
CLEO'ME, f. [from y.teia, to clofe or (hut up.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs tetradynamia, order tiliquofa, 
natural order putaminese. The generic characters are— 
Calyx: perianthium four-leaved, very fmall, fpreadincj 
the lower leaflet gaping more than the reft; deciduous. 
Corolla : four-petalled ; ail the petals afcending, fpread- 
ing; the nearelt intermediate ones fmaller than the others ■ 
neCtareous giands three, roundi(h, one at each divifion* 
except one at the calyx. Stamina: filaments fix, (fome- 
times twelve or twenty-four,) fubulate, declining; an¬ 
thers lateral, afcending.' Piitiilum: ftyle Ampler germ 
oblong, declining, the length of the Itamens ; frig-mas 
thickilh, rifing. Pericarpium: filique long, cylindric, 
placed on the ftyle, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds : very- 
many, roundifh.— EJfential Character. Neitareous glands 
three, at each Anus of the calyx, except the lowed; pe¬ 
tals all afcending; filique one-celled, two-valved. 
Species '. 1. Cleome fruticofa, or flirubby cleome: flowers 
gynandrous, four ftamened; leaves Ample; Item (hrubby. 
Stem frutefcenr, round, branching. Native of India. 
2. Cleome heptaphylla, or feven-leaved cleome : flowers 
gynandrous; leaves with about feven leaflets; Item prick¬ 
ly. Stem herbaceous, from three to five feet hio-hd It ls 
an annual plant, and was lent to Mr. Miller by Dr. 
Houltoun from Jamaica, where he found it growing in 
great plenty. It mult have been cultivated, therefore, 
by Mr. Miller before 1748. It flowers in June and July, 
and is fuppofed to be -a native alio of the Eaft Indifes: 
Miller adds Egypt. 
3. Cleome pentaphylla, or five-leaved cleome : flowers 
gynandrous; leaves quinate ; Item unarmed. This is an 
annual, elegant, but fetid, plant, upright, either wholly 
fmooth. 
