I 
656 C L E 
22. Cleoine tenella, or tender cleome • flowers fix-fta- 
mened ; leaves ternate, filiform, linear. A plant of a fpan 
in height, branching, ereX. Found by Koenig abun¬ 
dantly in dry fandy Toil, in the Eaft Indies. It is an an¬ 
nual plant, as moft of the others are. 
23. Cleome filifolia : flowers lix-ftamened ; leaves lower, 
feptenate; upper ternate. Stem ereX, weak, herbaceous, 
a foot high, branched, ftriated, towards the top dotted 
with railed, minute, fcattered, dots. 
Propagation and Culture. Moft of thefe plants are na¬ 
tives of very warm countries, and will not thrive in Eng¬ 
land without artificial heat; therefore their feeds muft be 
fown upon a good hot-bed in the fpring, and, when the 
plants are fit to remove, they ftiould be planted in fepa- 
rate fmall pots, filled with frefti light earth, and plunged 
into a frefti hot-bed, obferving to fnade them until they 
have taken frefti root; after which they ftiould have air 
admitted to them every day in proportion to the warmth 
of the feafon, and their waterings ftiould be frequently 
repeated, but not given in too great plenty; when the 
plants have filled thefe fmall pots with their roots, they 
flaould be put into larger, and plunged again into a hot- 
hed to bring them forward; and, in July, when they are 
too tall to remain longer in the hot-bed, they fliould be 
removed into an airy glafs-cafe, where they may be fcreened 
from cold and wet, but in warm weather may enjoy the 
free air. With this management the plants will flower 
foon after, and perfeX their feeds in autumn. 
CLEOME'DES, in fabulous liiftory, a famous athlete 
of Altypalasa, above Crete. In a combat at Olympia, he 
killed one of his antagonifts by a blow with his lift. On 
account of this accidental murder, he was deprived of 
the victory, and he became delirious. In his return to 
Aftypaltea, he entered a fehool, and pulled down the pil¬ 
lars which fupported the roof, and cruflied to death fixty 
boys. He was purfued with ftones, and he fled for (helter 
into a tomb, whofe doors he fo ltrongly fecured, that his 
purfuers were obliged to break them for accefs. When 
the tomb was opened, Cleomedes could not be found 
either dead or alive. The oracle of Delphi was confull- 
ed, and gave this anfwer: Ultimas heroum Cleomedes AJly- 
paleeus. Upon this they offered facrifices to him as a god. 
Paufanias. 
CLEOME'NES I. king of Sparta, conquered the Ar- 
gives, and burnt 5000 of them by fetting fire to a grove 
where they had fled, and freed Athens from the tyranny 
of the Pififtratidae. By bribing the oracle, he pronounced 
Demaratus, his colleague on the throne, illegitimate, be- 
caule he refufed to punifh the people of JEgina, who had 
deferted the Greeks. He killed liimfelf in a fit of mad- 
nefs, before Chrift 491. Herodotus. —The lecond fucceeded 
his brother Agefipolis II. He reigned fixty-one years in 
the greateft tranquillity, and was father to Acrotatus and 
Cleonymus, and was lucceeded by Areus 1 . fon of Acro- 
tatu . Paufanias. —The third fucceeded his father Leoni¬ 
das. He was of an enterprizing fipirit, and refolved to re- 
ftore the ancient difcipline of Lycurgus in its full force, 
by banilhing luxury and intemperance. He killed the 
Ephori, and removed by poifon his royal colleague Eury- 
damides, and made his own brother, Euclidas, king, 
againft the laws of the ftate, which forbade more than 
ene of the fame family to fit on the throne. He made 
war againft the Achseans, and attempted to deftrcy their 
league. Aratus, the general of the Achasans, who fup- 
pofed himfelf inferior to his enemy, called Antigonus to 
his afiiftance; and Cleomenes, when he had fought the 
unfortunate battle of Sellafia, before Chrift 222, retired 
into Egypt, to the court of Ptolemy Evergetes, where his 
wife and children had gone before him. Ptolemy re¬ 
ceived him with great cordiality; but his fucceflor, weak 
and fufpicious, foon expreffed his jealoufy of this noble 
ftranger, and impriloned him. Cleomenes killed himfelf, 
and his body was fleaed, and expofed on a crofs, before 
Chrift 219. Polybius. 
CLE'ON, an Athenian, who, though originally a tan- 
C L E 
ner, became general of the armies of the ftate by his in" 
trigues and eloquence. He took Thoron in Thrace, and 
was killed at Amphipolis, in a .battle with Brafidas the 
Spartan general, before Chrift 432. Thucydides. —A gene¬ 
ral of Meffenia, who difputed with Anftodemus for the 
fovereignty. A poet who wrote a poem on the Argo¬ 
nauts. An orator of Plalicarnaflfis, who compofed an 
oration for Lyfander, in which he intimated the propriety 
of making the kingdom of Sparta eleXive. C. Nepos. _ A 
Magnefian who wrote fome commentaries, in which he 
fpeaks of portentous events, &c. Paujanias. 
CLEO'NAS, a village of Peloponnefus, between Corinth 
and Argos. Hercules killed the lion of Nemtea in its 
neighbourhood. Ovid. 
CLEO'NIA, f. [probably adopted by Linnaeus from the 
cleonicium of Pliny, and y.^iavixion of Diofcorides.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs didynamia, order gymnofper- 
mia, natural order verticillatae. The generic charaXers 
are—Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, tubular, angular, 
two-lipped; upper lip flattifti, broad, three-toothed; Tower 
two-parted, fliort. Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; up¬ 
per lip ftraight, bifid, keeled ; ( lovver trifid; the middle 
fegment twodobed, the fide ones fpreading. Stamina: 
filaments four, forked at the end ; the two lower longeft j 
antherae fitting on the outer apex of the filaments, crofted 
in pairs. Piftillum: germ four-parted 5 ftyle filiform, the 
length of the ftamens ; ftigmas four, fetaceous, equal. 
Pericarpium : none; calyx clofed with hairs. Seeds: four, 
nearly columnar, finooth. This genus differs from ail 
others of this order in 'having four ftigmas.— EJfential 
Character. Filaments forked, with an anther at one of 
the tips ; ftigma four-cleft. 
There is but one lpecies, viz. Cleonia lufitanica, or 
fweet-fcented cleonia. The Item is ereX, brachiate, in 
the lower part hairy; feeds roundifti, turgidly lens-lhaped, 
mucronate at the bale, rufefcent, with a white navel fiiaped 
like the letter y, lodged in the ventricofe ftriated calyx, 
clofed at the mouth with a white nap. It differs little 
from prunella, except in its four-cleft ftigma, and laci- 
niate braXes. It is an annual plant, native of Spain and 
Portugal; cultivated by Mr. Miller in 1756. 
Sow the feeds in the autumn, and the plants will come 
up the following fpring. When they are fit to tranfplant, 
they may be removed to a border, where they will flower 
and produce feeds. They do not take much room, and 
they require little culture. Seeds fown in the fpring fre¬ 
quently lie a wdiole year before they vegetate. 
CLEOPA'TRA, the celebrated queen of Egypt, daugh¬ 
ter of Ptolemy Auletes, and filter and wife to Ptolemy 
Dionyfius, famous for her beauty and her cunning. She 
admitted Caffar to her arms, to influence him to give her 
the kingdom, in preference to her brother, who had ex¬ 
pelled her, and had a fon by him called Csefarion. As 
(he had fupported Brutus, Antony, in his expedition to 
Parthia, fummoned her to appear before him. She dreffed 
lierfelf in the moft magnificent apparel, and appeared be¬ 
fore her judge in the moft captivating attire. Her artifice 
fucceeded ; Antony became enamoured of her, and pub¬ 
licly married her, forgetful of his connexions with OXa- 
via, the filter of Auguftus. He gave her the greateft part 
of the eaitern provinces of the Roman empire. This be¬ 
haviour was the caufe of a rupture between Auguftus and 
Antony; and thefe two celebrated Romans met at AXi- 
um, where Cleopatra, by flying with fixty fail, ruined the 
intereft of Antony, and he was defeated. Cleopatra had 
retired to Egypt, where foon after Antony followed her. 
Antony ftabbed himfelf upon the falfe information that 
Cleopatra w'as dead ; and, as his wound was not mortal, 
he was carried to the queen, who drew him by a cord 
from one ol the wdndovvs of the monument, where ftie 
had retired. Antony foon after died of his wounds ; and 
Cleopatra, after file had received preffmg invitations from 
Auguftus, and even pretended declarations of love, de- 
ftroyed herfelf by the bite of an alp, not to fall into the 
conqueror’s hands. She had previously attempted to ftab 
2 " herfelf. 
