C L E 
herfelf, and had once made a refohition to ftarve herfelf, 
Cleppatra was a voluptuous and extravagant woman; and, 
in one of the fealts (he gave to Antony at Alexandria, (he 
• melted pearls into her drink. She was fond of appearing 
drefled as the goddefs Ids; and (he advifed Antony to 
make war againft the richeft nations to fupport her de¬ 
baucheries. Her beauty has been greatly commended; 
and it is laid that (lie could give audience to the ambaffii- 
dors of feven different nations, and (peak their various 
languages as fluently as her own. In Antony’s abfence. 
Hie repaired the public library of Alexandria, with the 
addition of that of Pergamus. Two treatifes, de medica- 
viine faciei epiftola erotica, and de rnorbis mulierum, have 
been falfely attributed to her ; and (he died before Chrill 
thirty years, after a reign of twenty-four years. In her 
death ended the race of the Ptolemies in Egypt; after 
which that country became a Roman province. 
CLEOPA'TRA, the grand-daughter of Attalus, be¬ 
trothed to Philip of Macedonia, after he had divorced 
©lympias. When Philip was murdered by Paufanias, 
Cieopatra was feized by order of Olympias, and put to 
death. Juftin. —A filter of Alexander the Great, who mar¬ 
ried Perdiccas, and was killed by Antigor.us, as (lie at¬ 
tempted to fly to Ptolemy in Egypt. Diodorus . —-A daugh¬ 
ter of Idas and Marpeffa, daughter of Evenus, king of 
Attolia. She married Meleager, fon of king CEneus. Ho¬ 
mer.—A daughter of Ptolemy Philometor, who married 
Alexander Bala, and afterwards Nicanor. She killed Se- 
leucus, Nicanor’s Ion, becaufe he afcended the throne 
without her content. She was fufpeCted of preparing 
poifon for Antiochus her (on, and compelled to drink it 
herfelf, before Chrilt 120. A wife and filter of Ptolemy 
Evergetes, who raifed her fon Alexander, a minor, to the 
throne of Egypt, in preference to his elder brother Pto¬ 
lemy Lathurus, whofe intereft the people favoured. As 
Alexander was odious, Cleopatra differed Lathurus to af- 
cena the throne, on condition, however, that he fliould 
repudiate his filler and wife, called Cleopatra, and marry 
Seleuca, his younger filler. She afterwards raifed her fa¬ 
vourite, Alexander, to the throne ; but her cruelties were 
fo odious, that he fled to avoid her tyranny. Cleopatra 
laid fnares for him ; and, when Alexander heard it, he 
put her to death. Juft in. 
CLEOPA'TRIS, in ancient geography, a town of 
Egypt, on the Arabian gulf; now laid to be Suez, fitu- 
attd at the bottom of the gulf of the Red Sea. 
CLEOSTRA'TU.S, a celebrated ailronomer born in 
Tenedos, was, according to Pliny, the firft who difcovered 
the figns of the zodiac. He alfo corrected the errors of 
the Grecian year about the 306th before Chrill. 
To CLEPE, <0. a. [clypxan, Sax.] To call. Obfolete ,— 
They clepe us drunkards. Hamlet. —He clepetb a calf, 
caulf. Love’s Labour loft. 
Three crabbed months had fowr’d themfelves to death, 
Ere I could make thee open thy white hand. 
And clepe thyfelf my love. Sbakefpeare. 
CLEP'SYDR A,/, [from v.Aetttw, to conceal, and v&top, 
water.] The water-clock ; an inftrument to meafure time 
by the dropping of water contained in it through a hole. 
For its conllruciion, lee the article Horology. A che¬ 
mical veffel uled in the fame manner. Alfo an inftrument 
made like it, for conveying fumigations to the uterus in 
hyfterical cafes. 
CLERC (John le), a celebrated writer and univerfal 
fcholar, born at Geneva in 1657. After he had palled 
through the ufual courfe of ftudy at Geneva, and had loll 
his father in 1676, he went to France in 1678; but, re¬ 
turning the year following, he was ordained with the ge¬ 
neral applaufe of all his examiners. In 1682, le Cierc 
vilited England, with a view to learning the language. 
He preached (event! times in the French churches in 
London ; and, after vifiling molt of the men of learning, 
he returned to Holland within the year, where he at length 
(ettled. He preached before a fynod held at Rotterdam 
Vol. IV. No. 227. 
C L E 657 
by the remonftrants in 1684; and was admitted profeffor 
of philofophy, polite literature, and the Hebrew tongue, 
in their fcliool at Amlterdam. The remainder of his life 
was fpent in the compilation of his works, and of the 
controverlies he was engaged in; but thefe would lead 
into too extenlive a detail. He continued to read regu¬ 
lar leflures ; and he drew up and publifhed his Logic, 
Ontology, Pneumatology, and Natural Philofophy. He 
publifhed Ars Critica-, a Commentary on the Old Tella- 
ment; a Compendium of Univerfal Hiltory; an Eccleli- 
afticai Hiftory of the two firft Centuries ; a French Tran¬ 
slation of the New Teftament, See. In 1686, he began, 
jointly with M. de la Crofe, his Bibliotheque Univerfelle et 
Hiftorique, in imitation of other literary journals ; which 
was continued to the year 1693, inclufive, in 26 vols. Iii 
1703, he began his Bibliotheque Choijie, and continued it 
to 1714, and thence commenced another work on the fame 
plan called Bibliotheque Ancienne et Mcderne ; which he con¬ 
tinued to the year 1728; all of them juftly deemed ex¬ 
cellent ftores of ufeful knowledge. In 172S, he was feized 
with a palfy and fever; and, after fpending the lall fix 
years of his life with little or no underftanding, died in 
1736. 
CLERC (John le), called Chevalier, an eminent hifto- 
rical painter, bom at Nanci in 1587, but ltudied in Italy, 
where he redded for twenty years; and was a difeiple of 
Carlo Venetiano, under whom he worked a long time, 
and whofe (tile he fo effectually ftudied and imitated, that 
feveral of the pictures which were fiuiflied by le Cierc, 
were taken for the work of Venetiano. He was highly 
efteemed at Venice for his extraordinary merit; and, as a 
token of public refpeft, he was made a knight of St. Mark. 
His freedom of hand was remarkable; and his colouring 
invariably (hewed it to be the work of a mailer. He died 
in 1633. 
CLERC (Sebaftian le), engraver and dedgner in ordi¬ 
nary to the French king, was born at Metz in 1637. Af¬ 
ter having learnt to delign, he applied himfelf to mathe¬ 
matics, and was engineer to the marlhal de la Ferte. He 
went to Paris in 1665, where he applied himfelf to en¬ 
graving with fuch fuccefs, that M. Colbert gave him a 
p&nfion of 600 crowns. In 1672, he was admitted into 
the royal academy of painting and fculpture; and, in, 
1680, was made profeffor of geometry and peilpeflive in 
the fame academy. He publiftied, betides a great number 
of deiigns and prints, 1. A Treatife on Theoretical and 
Practical Geometry. 2. A Treatife on Architecture, and 
other works; and died in 1714. He was an excellent 
artift, but chiefly in the petit (tile. His genius (eldom 
exceeds the dimenfions of fix inches. Within thole limits 
he could draw up 20,000 men with great dexterity. No 
artift, except Callot and Della Bella, could touch a finall 
figure with lo much fpirit. His 1110ft efteemed prints are, 
1. The Paffion of our Saviour, on thirty-fix final! plates, 
lengthwile, from his own compofitions. The bell irn- 
preilions are without the borders. 2. The Miracle of the 
Feeding Five Thoufand, a middling-fized plate, length- 
wife. In the firft impreffions, which are very rare, a town 
appears in the back-ground ; in place of which a moun¬ 
tain is fubllituted in the common ones. 3. The Elevation 
of thelarge Stones ufed in building theFront of theLouvre, 
a large plate, lengthwile. The firft impreffions are with¬ 
out the date 1677, which was afterwards added. 4. The 
Academy of the Sciences, a middling-lized plate, length- 
wife. The firft impreffions are before the (keleton of the 
(lag and tortile were added. The fecond impreffions are 
before the (hadow was enlarged at the bottom, towards 
the right-hand fide of the print. Both thefe impreffions 
are very fcarce. The firft is rarely met with. This print 
was copied as a frontifpiece for Chambers's Dictionary. 
5. The May of the Gobelins, a middling-fized plate, 
lengthwile. The firft impreflion is before the woman was 
introduced, who covers the wheel of the coach. 6. The 
Four Conqueits, large plates, lengthwile, reprefenting the 
taking of Tournay, the taking of Down)', the defeat of- 
8 E the 
