668 C L E 
parted ; petals five ; ftigma trifiu ; capfuls three-celled, 
three-val ved. 
Species, i. Clethra alnifolia, or alder-leaved clethra : 
fiirubby ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, ferrate, fmooth ; ra¬ 
cemes Ample in form of fpikes. The roots fpread far on 
every fide, and fend up many Items, from eight or ten to 
fourteen feet high, which are covered with agreyilh bark, 
and divide into fmall round alternate branches. The 
leaves are about three inches long, and an inch and 
quarter broad in the middle ; they are of a deep green on 
their upper fide, and of a whitiflr green underneath, al¬ 
ternate, and on very (hort petioles. The flowers are on 
loofe fpikes from four or five inches to a fpan long ; the 
petals are white. They appear in July, and, when the 
feafon is mild, lome fpikes are produced in Oftober. The 
fruit is a fmall, lubglobular, cruftaceous, capfule, with 
three grooves ; the partitions within are Ample and con¬ 
trary to the valves. There are fix or eight feeds in each 
ceil; they are fmall, fubovate, varioufly angular, fome- 
what CGmprefled, wrinkled, and rufefcent. Native of North 
America, in moift places, and by rivulets. 
2. Clethra paniculata, or panicled clethra: Shrubby ; 
leaves lanceolate, naked on both iidas ; flowers panicled. 
Native of North America; flowers from Auguft to 
October. 
3. Clethra arborea, or tree clethra : a tree ; leaves ob¬ 
long-lanceolate, fmooth on both fides ; racemes in form 
of fpikes; calyxes obtufe. Native of Madeira. 
4. Clethra tinifoiia : a tree ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
quite entire, hoary underneath; racemes panicled, fpike- 
fhaped, tomentofe. This flirubby tree rifes generally to 
the height of twelve or fourteen feet, with a thick trunk, 
covered with a fmooth clay-coloured bark : the branches 
are fpread equally round, and-towards their ends are be- 
fet with leaves, five inches long and half as broad in the 
middle, dark green and fmooth, on petioles a quarter of 
an inch in length. Each flower is on a pedicel with a fu- 
eulate bradle at the bale. Fruits fmooth, green, roundifh, 
bigger than peas, containing a i'weet, white, mealy pulp, 
and a hard brownifh-black ftone, bigger than a pepper¬ 
corn and much like it: they are fometimes eaten in Ja¬ 
maica, of which ifland this tree is a native. Sloane calls 
it baftard locuft-tree. 
Propagation and Culture. This is hardy enough to bear 
the open air in England, and is one of the molt beautiful 
fhrubs at the l'eafon of its flowering; which is very little 
later than in its native country, being commonly in 
flower here by the beginning of July; and if the feafon 
is not very hot, there will be part of the fpikes in beauty 
till the beginning of Auguft; and as molt of the branches 
are terminated by thefe fpikes of flowers, when the fhrubs 
are ftrong, they make a fine appearance at that feafon. 
It will thrive much better in moifl land than in dry ground, 
and requires a fheltered fituation, v. here it may be defend¬ 
ed from ftrong winds, which frequently break off the 
branches, where they are too much expoled to its vio¬ 
lence. It is propagated by layers, but they are generally 
.two years before they get root, fo that at prefent it is rare 
in England. The fineft fhrubs of this kind, were in the 
curious garden of the duke of Argyle, at Whitton, near 
Hounflow, where they throve as well as in their native 
country. They may alfo be propagated by fuckers, which 
are fent outfrom their roots : if thefe are carefully taken off 
with fibres in the autumn, and planted into a nurfery-bed, 
■they will be ftrong enough in two years to tranfplant 
.where they are to remain. It may alfo be propagated by 
feeds, which muft be procured from the countries where 
it grows naturally, for the feeds are not perfected in Eng¬ 
land. But, as thefe feldom arrive here till fpring, when 
they are fown at that feafon, the plants will not come up 
till the following fpring. Therefore the feeds fhould be 
fown in pots, and placed in a fliady fituation till autumn, 
then placed under a frame in winter; the plants will come 
tip the next fpring, and in autumn may be tranfplanted 
into a nurtery-bed, to get ftrength before they are placed 
to remain. 
C L E 
CLE'THY, a river of South Wales, which rifes in 
Pembrokefhire, about five miles fouth-eaft of Newport, 
and joins the Dungledy, four miles north of Pembroke. 
CLE'TON, a river of Wales, which runs into the Dee, 
two miles below Bala, in Merionethfhire. 
CLET'TER,a river of Wales, in Cardiganlhire, which 
runs into the Dovy, a few miles below Machunlleth. 
CLEVE, Clip, or Clive, at the beginning or end of 
the proper name of a place, denotes it to be fituated on 
the fide of a rock or hill; as, Cleveland, Clifton , Stancliff, See. 
CLEVELAND, a diftrict in the north riding of 
Yorklhire, on the borders of Durham, and from whence 
the noble family of Fitzroy took the title of duke. 
CLEVELAND (John), an Englilh poet of eminence 
in his time, who, during the civil war under Charles I. 
engaged as a literary champion in the royal caufe againft; 
the parliamentarians. He died in 1658, and was much ex¬ 
tolled by his party. His works, which confifted of poems, 
characters, orations, epiitles, See. were printed in oClavo- 
in 1677,and 1687. Cleveland has had thefateof thofe poets, 
who, “ paying their court to temporary prejudices, have 
been at one time too much praifed, and at another too 
much negleCted.” Both his fubjeCts, and his manner of 
writing, made his poems extremely popular among his 
contemporaries, but entirely forgotten and difregarded 
fince. For his manner, he excelled among that clafs of 
writers fo much admired in the feventeenth century, 
whom our critics have aptly termed “ metaphyfical poets, 
who abound with wdtty rather than juft thoughts, with 
far-fetched conceits, and learned allufions, that only 
amufe for a moment, utterly negleding that beautiful 
fimplicity and propriety which will intereft and pleafe 
through every age.” For his fubjefts he generally chol’e 
the party dilputes of the day, which are now no longer 
underftood or regarded. Contemporary with Milton, he 
was in his time exceedingly preferred before him ; and 
Milton’s own nephew tells us, he was by fome efteemed 
the beft of the Englifli poets. But Cleveland is now funk 
into oblivion, while Milton’s fame is univerfally diffufed. 
CLE'VER, adj. [of no certain etymology.] Dextrous; 
fkiful.—It was the cleverer mockery of the two. V Ef range. 
lull 5 fit; proper ; commodious : 
I can’t but think ’twould found more clever , 
To me, and to my heirs for ever. Pope. 
Well fliaped ; handfome.—She called him gundy-guts, 
and he called her loufy Peg, though the girl was a tight 
clever wench. Arbuthnot. —This is a low word, fcarcely 
ever ufed but in burlefque or converfation ; and applied 
to any thing a man likes, without a fettled meaning. 
CLEVE'RA,/. in botany. See Ternstroemia. 
CLE'VERLY, adv. [from clever. Dexteroufly ; fitly; 
handfomely.—A rogue upon the highway may have as 
ftrong an arm, and take oft' a man’s head as cleverly, as 
the executioner. South. 
CLE'VERNESS, / [from clever .] Dexterity; fkill$ 
accompliftiment. 
CLE'VERS,yi in botany. See Galium Aparine. 
CLEVES, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 
phalia, and capital of a duchy to which it gives name ; 
fituated on the river Kermildal, rather more than two 
miles from the Rhine, on the brow of a hill, furrounded 
with walls, but not ftrongly fortified : the Roman catho¬ 
lics have a church and three convents ; the Lutherans, 
the Calvinifts, and the Mennonites, have likewile each a 
church, and the Jews a fynagogue. The number of 
houfes is about 800. This town was taken by the French 
republican army under general Pichegru, on the 6th of 
October, 1794. Ten miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Nimmegen. 
Lat. 51. 50. N. Ion. 23. 36. E. Ferro. 
CLEVES (duchy of), a principality of Germany, 
bounded on the north by Overiflel and the bilhopric of 
Munfter, on the call by the bilhopric of Munfter and 
county of Rechlinghaulen, on the fouth by the county 
of Mark and duchy of Berg, and on the wyft by Guel- 
derland and Brabant; about forty miles in length, and 
from 
