670 C L I 
But, having a greater inclination to act by fea than by land, 
he determined on making foreign difcoveries. With this 
view, the earl undertook no lets than eleven expeditions, 
fitted out at his own expence, in.which he made captures 
to a prodigious amount ; and, on his return, was graci¬ 
ously received by his royal miftrefs, queen Elizabeth, who 
created him knight of the garter in 1591. In 1601, he 
was one of the lords that were lent with forces to reduce 
the earl of Efl'ex to obedience. He departed this life, at 
the Savoy, in London ; Oft. 30, 1605 $ and was buried at 
Skipton, in'Yorkfhire. 
CLIFFORT'IA, f. [this name was given by Eichrodf, 
in honour of George Clifford, a merchant at Amlterdam ; 
a catalogue of whole garden, at Hartecamp, was pubiilhed 
by Linnceus, Amfterdam, 1737, folio.] In botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the ciafs dioecia,'order polyandria, natural order 
of tricoccce. The generic characters are—Male calyx : 
three leaved; leaflets, ovate, acute, coriaceous, fpread- 
ing, deciduous. Stamina : filaments about thirty, capil- 
laiy, erect, the length of the calyx ; antheras twin, ob¬ 
long, obtule, ereCt, comprefled. Female calyx : perianth 
three-leaved, equal, ere£t, fuperior, permanent ; leaflets 
acute, lanceolate. Piltillum: germ oblong, inferior; 
ftyles two, filiform, long, plumofe ; lligmas fnnple. Pe- 
ricarpium : capfule oblong, nearly columnar, two-celled, 
crowned with the calyx. Seeds : folitary, nearly co¬ 
lumnar, linear.— EJfential Character. Male calyx, three¬ 
leaved, fuperior; ltamens about thirty; female calyx 
three-leaved, fuperior ; ftyles two ; capfule tvyo-celled ; 
feed one. 
Species. I. With Ample leaves. 1. Cliffortia odorata, 
or tweet fmeLlingcliffortia : leaves ovate, ferrate, ribbed, 
villofe, underneath. This is an ereCt fhrub, three feet 
high, little branching. The male flowers only have been 
obferved ; thefe agree, with the other fpecies of cliffortia, 
though the habit is different, and rather refembles that 
of mint. This and moil of the fpecies were found at the 
Cape of Good Hope byThunherg. 
2. Ciilfortia iiicifolia, or ilex-leaved cliffortia: leaves 
fubcordate, toothed. A fhrub, with alternate declining 
branches, clothed with truncated membranes and ftipules; 
flowers lateral, axiilary, feffile, folitary, green; fila¬ 
ments, white ; antheras, yellow ; Item weak, four or five 
feet high; leaves, greyifh. Before the calyx opens, it 
forms a bud, in fhape and fize like thofe of the caper. 
The flowers appear in June, July, and Auguft ; but the 
leaves continue in verdure through the year. The plants 
in the European gardens, both of this and the following 
fort, are all male ; cultivated 1714, in Chelfea garden. 
3. Cliffortia rufeifolia, orbutcher’s-broom-leaved clif¬ 
fortia : leaves lanceolate, quite entire. Introduced in 
17S6, by Mr. Francis MalTon. 
4. Cliffortia ferruginea : leaves lanceolate, fetaceous- 
ferrate; Items like thofe of knot-grals, filiform, ufually 
proftrate, even, branching; branches fhort, ferruginous, 
herbaceous. The female has not been obferved ; found 
at the Cape by Sparnnann. 
5. Cliffortia graminea : leaves enfiform, ferrulate ; pe¬ 
tioles, dilated, terminated by two ltipule-fhaped awns ; 
ftems many together, two feet high, fcarcely branching, 
ftriated, covered with leaves. 
6. Cliffortia polygonifolia : leaves linear, hairy. This 
is a ftnaller fhrub than the fecoud and third forts ; branches 
naked, upright, lets divided, alternate, grey, pubefcent, 
round. 
7. Cliffortiafilifolia : leavesfiliform,triquetrous,finooth, 
quite entire. Of this we have no defcription. It was found 
at the Cape, with many of the others, by Thunberg. 
II. With compound leaves. 8. Cliffortia crenata: leaves 
binate, orbiculate, crenulate; anereft fhrub, rather large. 
9. Cliffortia pulchella : leaves binate, orbiculate, quite 
entire; leaves,converging, and guarding the flowers in 
the cavity which they form 5 beautifully adorned on the 
outfide with radiating nerves. 
C L I 
ic. Cliffortia trifoliata : leaves ternate, the middle-three ■ 
toothed ; Items flender, woody, procumbent, filky, with 
hairs, and fending out flender branches on every fide; 
flowers axillary, on very fhort peduncules, thaped like 
thofe of the fecond, but fmaller 5 they appear in July and 
Auguft. We have only male plants in the Englifti gar¬ 
dens; cultivated by Millar before 17 59. 
11. Cliffortia farmentofa: leaves ternate, linear, villofe; 
ftem fhrubby, farmentofe, filiform, four feet high, irre¬ 
gular; branches alternate, fhort, Ample, round,pubefcent; 
flowers lateral, axiilary, fefiile, folitary, white. 1 he fe¬ 
male has not been obferved. 
32. Cliffortia Itrobilifera : leaves ternate, linear, acute, 
even ; a fhrub with round branches, fparingly branched. 
The trustification not having been obferved, we can only 
conjefture the genus from the ltru&ure. The ftrobf es are 
galls, not fruits. Juffieu doubts whether this fpecies, 
with its ftrobile-fhaped galls, and fo different in habit, be 
really a cliffortia. 
13. Cliffortia obcordata : leaves ternate,leaflets roundifh, 
the middle one obcordate ; an erefit lowly fhrub, with 
diftich branches. Leaves feffile, obvate, nervelefs, often 
in pairs. 
14. Cliffortia ternata : leaves ternate ; leaflets entirely 
hairy ; a fhrub, with fmall, ovate-lanceolate, hairy leaves, 
very different from the other cliffortias. 
15. Ciiffortia juniperina: leaves ternate, triquetrous. 
Tubulate, crowded ; a fhrub refembling juniper, ereSt, 
three feet in height, branching very much ; obferved at 
the Cape by Sparrmann. 
16. Cliffortia falcata: leaves ternate, linear, falcated, 
fraooth ; a fhrub, a foot in height, ereSf, branching, 
ftriSt; leaves often three from each bud. 
17. Cliffortia teretifolia: leaves fafcicled, columnar, 
fubujate, incurved, finooth, entire. 18. Cliffortia erica?- 
foiia c leaves fafcicled, columnar, furrowed fmooth. 19. 
Cf ftortia cuneafapar wedge-leaved cliffortia : leaves wedge- 
formed, ferrate at the end. All natives of the Cape: the 
laft flowers in April. 
Propagation and Culture. The fecond fpecies is eafily 
propagated by cuttings, which may be planted in any-of 
the lummer months ; if thefe are planted in fmall pots 
filled with light earth, and plunged into a very moderate 
hot-bed, they will foon take root, provided they are 
fcreened from the fun, and duly watered ; when they have 
taken root, they mult be gradually inured to bear the 
open air, to which they ftiould be expofed, to prevent their 
drawing up weak : therefore they fliould be placed abroad 
till they have obtained fome ftrength, then they may be 
each tranfplauted into a leparatS fmall pot, and placed in 
the (hade until they have taken frelh root; after which 
they may be placed with other of the hardy kinds of ex¬ 
otic plants in a flieltered fituation till October, when they 
ftiould be removed into the green houie, or placed under 
a common hot-bed frame, wdiere they may be fcreened 
from the hard froft, but enjoy the free air at all times 
when the weather is mild. Waen the plants advance in 
height, their ftems and branches mult be fupported, 
otfierwife they will trail upon the ground. In l'ummer 
they muft be placed in the open air, with myrtles and 
other hardy green-houfe plants ; and in winter the plants 
may be treated in the fame manner as thofe, but muft have 
little w'ater in winter. This plant has endured the cold of 
our ordinary winters, w'hen planted near a fouth-weft wall 
without covering,butinfevere winters it is always deftroyed. 
The third is more tender ; therefore it fliould be placed 
in a warm green-houfe in winter, and during that feafon 
ftiould have little water. In fummer it may be expofed 
to the open air in a fheltered fituation, but ftiould not re¬ 
main abroad too late in autumn j for if there fhould be 
much rain at that feafon, it might endanger the plants. 
We have only the male plant in Europe, and it is diffi¬ 
cult to propagate. The other forts, coming from the fame 
country, and being ftirubs of the fame nature with thefe, 
whenever 
