674 C L ' 1 
CLIST, a river of England, which runs into the Ex a 
little below Exeter. 
CLIS'THENES, a famous Athenian magiftrate, the au¬ 
thor of the mode of bairifhing ambitious citizens by oftra- 
cifm, or writing their names upon a (hell; the intention, 
was patriotic, but it was abufed like all other human in- 
ftitutions ; (ome of the worthjeft citizens of Athens being 
thus exiied. He died 510 years before Chrilt. 
CEIS'TINOS, a fierce nation of American Indians, 
who inhabit the country about Hudfon’s Bay. 
CLI'THERO, a market-town in Lancafhire, on the ri¬ 
ver Ribble, at the foot of Pendle-hill, nineteen miles from 
Prefton, nineteen from Skipton, twenty-feven from Lan- 
calter, and two hundred and fourteen from London. It 
has a neat church, and a well-endowed free grammar- 
fchool, founded by Philip and Mary, which has lately been 
rebuilt, and is now a handfome (trudfture. The town is 
well-watered by copious and wholelome fprings, and can 
boaft of a (pa impregnated with fulphur, but without fait, 
and of the lame medicinal virtues as the Wigan fpa. In 
the neighbourhood are alfo found chalybeate lprings. 
The caftle, (aid to have been built in 1178, is a vene¬ 
rable ruin ; and, (landing upon a hill, is a fine objeift, 
and commands a pleafant profpeft of the furrounding 
country. The town is a borough by prefcription, and is 
governed by two bailiffs, who act together as one magif- 
rrate. The market-day is on Saturdays, and the fairs for 
Cattle are held on the 24-th of March, Auguft r, the fourth 
Saturday after Michaelmas-day, and the 7th of December* 
The cotton manufactory is carried on here to a confider- 
able extent ; and has its communication with all the 
neighbouring canals ; its trade bids fair to be confidera- 
bly enlarged. 
CLITO'MACIIUS, a celebrated philofopher, flourifhed 
about 140 years before Chrilt. He was born at Carthage; 
quitted his country at forty years of age, and went to 
Athens, where he became the difciple and fuccelfor of Cax- 
neades ; he compofed many books, but they are all loft. 
CLITO'RIA,/. [lb named from the form of the co¬ 
rolla.] In botany, a genus of the clafs diadelphia, order 
decandria ; natural order papilionacese, or leguminofae. 
The generic charafters are—Calyx: perianthium one- 
leafed, ereft, tubular, five-toothed, permanent. Corolla: 
papilionaceous ; ftandard very large, (traight, emarginate, 
waved at the margin, fpreading, and overlhadowing the 
other petals ; wings oblong, ftraight, obtufe, (horter than 
the ftandard ; keel lhorter than the wings, falcated, fome- 
what roundly. Stamina : in two brotherhoods, (fimple 
and nine cleft;) antherae fimple. Piftillum : germ oblong; 
ftyie alcending; ltigma obtufe. Pericarpium : legume 
very long, linear,comprefled, one-celied, two-valved,with 
the tip fubulate. Seeds : many, reniform. The corolla 
often appears in a fupine or inverted polition ; feeds with¬ 
out albumen ; embryo without plume , by which it is dif- 
tinguifhed from phafeolus and vicia ,-^EJj'ential Character. 
Corolla inverted; ftandard very large, fpreading, over- 
ihadowing the wings. 
Species. 1. Clitoria Ternatea, or winged-leaved clitoria; 
leaves pinnate. Thisrifes with a twinyag herbaceous ftalk 
to the height of four or five feet, in the fame manner as 
the kidney-bean, and requires the like fupport; for, in 
the places where it grows naturally, it twifts itfelf about 
the neighbouring plants ; the leaves are winged, com¬ 
pofed of two or three pair of leaflets, terminated by an 
odd one ; thefe are of a beautiful green, and are placed 
alternate on the (talks ; from the appendages of the ieaves 
come out the peduncles ; each of thefe is encompaffed by 
two very fine leaves about the middle, where they are 
bent, fuftaining a very large, gaping, beautiful, flower, 
who.fe bottom, part feems as if growing to the top. The 
Sowers have a green membranaceous calyx ; the corolla is 
of a blue colour, and (tains paper, like indigo, but as a 
dye it is not permanent. It is a native of the Ealt Indies 
and Cocbinchina, but the feeds were firft brought to Eu¬ 
rope from Ternatg, one of the Molucca iflands 5 and this 
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induced Tournefort to give the name of Ternatea to tiiii 
genus. There is a variety cvith white flowers, and ano¬ 
ther with blue flowers, which are very double. Thk pro- 
duftion of double flowers is a Angularity in the legumi¬ 
nous clafs of plants. The legume is narrow, elongated, a 
finger’s length and more, lenticular, comprefled, without 
knots or filings, fubpubefcent, pale, terminated by the 
longilh fubulate ftyie, mar.y-ceiled, two-vaived ; parti¬ 
tions thin ; feeds folitary, feven to twelve, ovate-kidney- 
form, cut off at one end, comprefled a little, fomewhat 
gibbofeon both fides, frnooth, chefnut-brown. Cultivated 
1739 by Mr. Miller. Breynius received the feeds from 
the Ealt Indies in 1667. 
2. Clitoria Brafiliana, of Brafilian clitoria : leaves ter- 
nate, calyxes folitary, bell-form. This has a twining Item 
like the foregoing, which rifes five or fix feet high, having 
at each joint one ternate leaf on a long petiole; the flowers 
come out fingly from the axils on long peduncles, encom¬ 
paffed about the middle with two fmall oval leaves ; the}? 
are very large, the ftandard being much broader than that 
of the firft fort, and the two wings are larger 5 they are of 
a fine blue colour ; they appear in July, and in warm fea- 
fons the feeds will ripen in autumn, foon after which the 
plants decay. Native of Brafil. There was one with a 
double flower of this fort, railed in the Chelfea garden Come 
years pall, from feeds lent from India; but the plants did 
not produce feeds here, and, being annual, the fort was 
loft. 
3. ClitoriaVirginiana,orfmall-floweredclitoria: leaves 
ternate, calyxes geminate, bell-form. This Ipecies being 
tender, and flowering here with difficulty, the flowers fre¬ 
quently come out fingly in our ftoves, which accounts for 
the difference between Mr. Miller’s defeription and the 
Linnasan character. Dillenius alfo oblerves thatthe flowers, 
are very apt to fall off. Native of Virginia ; alio of Ja- 
maica, and other iflands of the Weft Indies. 
4. Clitoria Mariana, or Maryland clitoria : leaves ter¬ 
nate ; calyxes cylindric. This rifes with a twining weak 
ftalk, about five feet high, having trifoliate leaves like the 
former, whofe leaflets are narrower, and ofagreyifli colour 
on their under fide; the flowers come out by pairs ; they 
are fmall, pale blue within, dirty white pa the outfide. 
This is a native of Carolina ; flowers in Auguft, but rare¬ 
ly ripens any feeds in England. 
5. Clitoria galailia, or milky clitoria: ieaves ternate,, 
raceme,erett; flowers pendulous. Native of Jamaica, chief¬ 
ly in the lower hills ; it is ealily diftinguifhed by its long 
reddilh flowers, milky branches, and fmooth leaves ; it is 
a weakly climber, and raifes itfelf by the help of the neigh¬ 
bouring bullies to the height of eight or nine feet. 
Propagation and Culture'. The feeds cf thefe plants muft 
be fown upon a good hot bed, early in the fpring; and, 
when the plants are two inches high, they (hould be care¬ 
fully taken up, and each planted in a fmall pot filled with 
light fre(h earth, and plunged into a liot-bed of tanners’ 
bark, oblerving to (hade them till they have taken frelli 
root, and refreih them with water as they may require it. 
After they are well rooted in the pots, they muft have air 
every day in proportion to the warmth of the feafon, to 
prevent their drawing up weak ; their waterings (hould be 
repeated two or three times a week, but they (hould not 
have too much at each time. As thefe plants have climb¬ 
ing (talks, they will foon grow too tall to remain under 
common frames, therefore they muft then be removed into 
the ftove, and plunged into the bark-bed; but, if their 
roots have filled the pots, they (hould be removed into 
larger, and afterwards they muft be treated in the fame 
manner as other plants, from the fame countries. All thefe 
forts are annual with us in England ; fo-that, unlefs the 
feeds ripen, the fpecies are loft ; and, as the two forts with 
double flowers have not formed any pods in this country, 
therefore the feeds of thele muft be procured from the 
countries where they naturally grow. Indeed thefe are 
fuppoled to beonly varieties, which accidentally arife from 
the Angle. If this be true 3 we cannot account for the fuc- 
