C h I 
cels of thofe plants which, grew at Chelfea, for they were 
all of the fame double kind, without the iealt variation ; 
and this was not from a iingle experiment, but in three 
different years the plants, all of them, produced double 
flowers. See Galeoa. 
CLI'TORIS,yi [from to enclofe or hide.] A part 
of the pudenda of a woman, analogous to. the penis in 
roan, and which, in its natural flate, is enclofed in the 
vagina. See Anatomy, vol. i. p. 621. 
CLITORIS'MUS, f. '[from the clitoris.] A 
fwelling or morbid enlargement of the clitoris. 
CLITOW' a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Pilfen, 
celebrated for its rich filver mines. 
CLITUM'NUS, in ancient geopraphy, a river of Um¬ 
bria, on this fide the Appennine. According to Pliny, 
it was a fountain confifting of feveral veins, iituated be¬ 
tween Hifpellum and Spoletium 5 which loon after fwelled 
into a very large and navigable river, running from ealt 
to weft into the Tinia, and both together into the Tiber. 
A river famous for its milk-white flocks and herds. Vir¬ 
gil. The god of the river was called Clitumnus. The river 
is now called CUtumno . 
CLI'TUS, brother to Alexander the Great’s nurfe, fol¬ 
lowed that prince in his conquelts, and fayed his life by 
cutting off the hand of Rofaces, which held an axe lift¬ 
ed up to kill him at the palfage of the Granicus. Alex¬ 
ander, who had a great regard for him, fome time after 
invited him to fupper ; when Clitus, at the end of the re- 
paft, being heated with wine, diminilhed the exploits of 
that prince, in order to magnify thofe of Philip his father. 
This fo enraged Alexander, that he killed him with his 
own hand; but he was afterwards fo afflicted at it, that he 
attempted his own life. 
CLIVE (Robert), fon of Richard Clive, efquire, of 
Styche, near Drayton, in Salop, was born in 1725. To¬ 
ward the clofe of the war, in 1741, he was fent as a writer 
in the Ealt India fervice to Madras 3 but, being fonder of 
the camp than the counting-houfe, he foon availed him- 
felf of an opportunity to exchange his pen for a pair of 
colours. He firft diftinguilhed himfelf at the flege of Pon¬ 
dicherry in 1748 ; afted under major Laurence at tjje tak¬ 
ing of Devi Cotta in Tanjore, who wrote of his'military 
talents in high terms ; commanded a finall party for the 
taking of Arcot, and afterwards defended that place 
againit the French 5 and performed many other exploits, 
which, confidering the remotenefs of the Icene of aflion, 
would require a long detail to render fufticiently intelligi¬ 
ble. He was, however, in brief, looked upon and ac¬ 
knowledged as the man who firft roufed his countrymen 
to fpirited aftions, and raifed their reputation in the Eaft ; 
16 that, when he came over to England in 1753, he was 
prefented, by the court of directors, with a rich fword fet 
with diamonds, as an acknowledgment of pall, and an in¬ 
citement to future, fervices. Captain Clive returned to 
India in 1755, as governor of F011 St. David, with the 
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the king’s troops ; when, as 
commander of the company’s troops, in conjunftion with 
admiral Watfon, he reduced Angria the pirate, and became 
mafter of Geria B his capital, with all his accumulated trea- 
fure. On the lofs of Calcutta, and the well known bar¬ 
barity of the foubah Surajah Dowla, they failed to Ben¬ 
gal, where they took Fort William, in January 1757 ; 
and colonel Clive defeating the foubah’s army foon after, 
accelerated a peace. Surajah Dowla’s perfidy, however, 
loon produced frefli hoftilities, which ended in his ruin j 
he being totally defeated by colonel Clive at the famous 
battle of Plafley. The next day the conqueror entered 
.Muxadabad in triumph; and placed jaffier Ally Cawn, 
one of the principal generals,, on the throne ; the depofed 
foubah was foon after taken, and privately put to death 
by Jaffier’s fon. Admiral Watfon died at Calcutta ; but 
colonel Clive commanded in Bengal the two fucceeding 
years : he was honoured by tire Mogul with the dignity 
of an Omrah, or lord, of the empire ; and was rewarded 
by the new foubah with a grant of lands, or a jaghier. 
C L O 675 
producing 17.000I. a year. In 1760, he returned to Eng¬ 
land, where he, received the unanimous thanks of the 
company, was elefted member of parliament for Sh/rewi- 
bury, and was raifed to an Iiilh peerage by the title of 
Lord Clive baron of Plafley. In 1764, frelh difturbances 
taking place in Bengal, lord Clive was elteemed the only 
man qualified to fettle them, and was accordingly again 
appointed to that- prefidency ; after being honoured with 
the order of the Bath, and with the rank of major-general. 
When he arrived in India, he exceeded the moll fanguine 
expectation, in reftoring tranquillity to the province 
without flunking a blow, and fixed the higheft ideas of the 
Bntifh power in the minds of the natives. He returned 
home in 17675 and, in 1772, when a parliamentary in¬ 
quiry into the conduft of the Eaft India company was 
agitated, he entered into an able juftification of himfelf 
in a mafterly fpeech in the houfe of commons. A fevere 
illnefs with which lord Clive had been attacked, during 
his refidence in the Eaft Indies, gave a blow to his 
conftitutioq which was never repaired ; and his health 
was often weakened by his fucceflive vifits to the unwhcle- 
fome climates of that country. Hence it was that he be¬ 
came lubjeft, at times, to a denrefiion of fpirits. His ar¬ 
dent and aftive mind, when not called into exertion by 
fome great occafion, frequently preyed upon itfelf. In 
the latter part of his life, having nothing peculiarly im¬ 
portant and interefting to engage his attention, and his 
body growing more and more infirm, the depreflion in- 
creafed ; and to this was owing his deceafe, on the 2zd of 
November 1774, not long after he had entered into the 
50th year of his age. He was interred at Moreton-Say, 
the parifh in which he was born. .In the various rela¬ 
tions of private life, lord Clive was highly beloved and 
elleemed 5 for he was a man of the kindeft affedrions, and 
of every focial virtue. His fecret charities were nume¬ 
rous and extenfivei but the prefent he made of feventy 
thoufand pounds, as a provifion for the invalids of the 
Eaft India company’s fervice, was the nobleft donation of 
its kind that ever came from a private individual. His 
perfon was of the largefl: of the middle fizej his counte¬ 
nance inclined to fadnefs j and the heavinefs of his brow 
' imparted an unpleafing expreflion to bis features. It was 
a heavinefs that arofe not from the prevalence of the 1111- 
focial paftions, (for of thefe few men had a imaller ftiare,) 
but from a natural fullnefs in the flelh above the eye-lid. 
His words were few 5 and his manner, among Arrangers, 
was referved 5 yet it won the confidence of men, and 
gained admiflion to the heart. In February 1753, he mar¬ 
ried Margaret, daughter of Edmund Malkelyne, efquire.. 
ofPurton in Wiltftiire, and filter to the-reverend Dr. Nevil 
Mafkeiyne, aftronomer royal. By this lady he had Ed¬ 
ward, the prefent lord Clive, born March 7, 1754; Re¬ 
becca, born September 15, 1760 5 Charlotte, born January 
15, 1762 5-Margaret, born Augult 15, 1763 5 and Robert, . 
born Auguft3i, 1769. 
CLI'VERS,/. in botany. See Galium Aparine. 
CLOA'CA, [from calluo, Lat. to cleanle.] A jakes. 
The canal in birds through which the egg delcends from 
the ovary. 
CLOA'C-ffi, in antiquity, the common fewers of Rome, 
conftrufted to carry orr the dirt and foil of the city into 
the Tiber, and jultly reckoned among the grand works 
of the Romans. The firft common fewer, called Cloaca 
Maxima, was built by Tarq.uinius, fome fay Priflcus, 
others Superbus, of huge blocks of ftone joined together 
without any cement, in the manner of the edifices of’ 
thofe early times 5 confifting of three rows oi arches, one 
above another, which at length conjoin and unite toge¬ 
ther 3 meafuring in the clear eighteen palms in height, 
and as many in width. Under thefe arches they rowed 
in boats : which made Pliny fay that the city was lulpend- 
ed in air, and that they failed beneath the.houfes. Under 
thefe arches alfo were ways through which carts loaded . 
with hay could pals with eafe. It began in the Forum . 
Romanum 5 meafured. 300 paces in, length ; and emptied 
itJei£f 
