686 C L U 
CLUB-RUSH./ in botany. See Scirpus; 
To CLUCK, <z/» n. \clocdan, WeHh ; clochat, Anmoric ; 
cloccan, Sax. klocken , Dut.] to call chickens as a hen.— 
Ducklings, though hatched by a hen, if die brings them 
to a river, in they go, though the hen clucks and calls to 
keep them out. Ray. 
CLUEN'TIUS, a Roman citizen, accufed by his mo¬ 
ther of having murdered his father, fifty-four years be¬ 
fore Chrift. He was ably defended by Cicero, in an ora¬ 
tion dill extant. The family of theCluentii was defend¬ 
ed from Cloanthus, one of the companions of Aineas. Virg. 
CLU'GNY, an ifland in the Southern Indian Ocean, 
difcovered by Kerguelen, near Kerguelen's Land. 
CLU'IS DESSOUS, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Indre : two leagues north-well of Aigurande. 
CLU'IS DESSUS, a town of France, in the department 
of the Indre, and chief place of a canton, in the diUriel 
of Argentum : ten miles ealt of Arragon. 
CLUMP, f. [from lu?np.'} A fliapelefs piece of wood, or 
other matter, nearly equal in its dimen lions; a duller of 
trees ; a tuft of trees or Ihrubs ; anciently a pliwip. 
CLUMPS, f A numfcull. Skinner. 
CLUM'SILY, adv. Awkwardly; without readinefs; 
without nimblenefs; without grace.—He walks very clum- 
fdy and ridiculoully. Ray. 
CLUM'SINESS,/! Awkwardnefs ; ungainlinefs ; w'ant 
of readinefs,nimblenefs, or dexterity.—The drudging part 
of life is chiefly owing to clumfmefs and ignorance, which 
either wants proper tools, or fkil! to ufe them. Collier. 
CLUM'SY adj. [This word, omitted in the other ety- 
mologills, is rightly derived by Bailey from lompfch, Dutch, 
ilupid. In Englilh, lump, cliimp , lumfijl), clumpijb,clumpifh- 
ly, clumfily, clumfy.'] Awkward ; heavy ; artlefs ; unhandy; 
without dexterity, readinefs,,-or grace. It is ufed either 
of perfons, or aftions, or things.—The matter duftile and 
fequacious, apt to be moulded into fuch lhapes and ma¬ 
chines, even by clumfy fingers. Ray. 
But thou in clumfy verfe, unlick’d, unpointed, 
Haft fliartiefully defy’d. Dry den. 
That clumfy Outlide of a porter, 
How could it thus conceal a courtier ? Swift. 
CLUN, a river of England, which runs into the Temde, 
five miles well from Ludlow, in Shropfhire. 
CLUNCH,/! In Staffordfliire, upon finkingof acoal mine, 
near the furface they meet with earth and done, then with 
fl. fubllance called blue clunch, and after that they come to 
coal. 
CLIIN'DERT, or Klundert, a ferong town of Hol¬ 
land, formerly called New'vcrnjuert , fituated on a river or 
canal which runs from the Merwe, and forms the tradl 
on which this town and Williamlladt Hand into an ifland. 
It was taken by the French in March 1793, and loon after 
evacuated : ten miles well-north-well of Breda, and five 
eall-loutii-eall of Williamlladt. Lat. 51. 39. N. Ion. 22, 
14. E. Ferro. 
CLUNG, th e pret. and part, of To Cling. 
CLUNG, adj. [clungu, Sax.] Waited with leannefs; 
fhrunk up with cold. 
To CLUNG, ns.n. [cltnjan, Sax.] Todry as wood does, 
when it is laid up after it is cut. See To Cling. 
CL.UNlA, in ancient geography,, a principal .-town- of 
the Hither Spain, a Roman, colony, with a convehtus ju- 
ridicus, on the Durius, to the weit of Numantia. Now 
Corrunna del Conde. 
CLUNIUM, in ancient geography, a town of Corlica, 
near Baftia. Now St. Catherine's. 
I LU'NY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Saone ai d Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
trift of Magon, fituated between two mountains, on the 
Grone : where a celebrated Benedidline abby, founded by 
William 'uke-of Aquitaine. The church is fuppofed to 
be one , ! t.he largeil in France. The town contains three 
parilhes, bt . is not populous: three leagues and a half 
Mprth-weff ol MagoD, and ieven fouth of Calonfhr-Saone. 
C L U 
CLUPE'A, or Clypea ahcientlya town of Africa Pro¬ 
pria, which receives its name from its exa£t relemblance 
to a fhield. Lucan. . p 
CLU'PEA,/. [from clypeus, Lat. a fhield.] In ichthyo¬ 
logy, the herring. The generic charaflers, as corrected 
by Bloch, are, the belly ferrated, and an oblong boat- 
fliaped cavity in the head, which is comprefled on both 
lides,as weli as the body. The mouth tsfurniflied with fmall 
teeth. In l'ome fpecies, the upper jaw protrudes ; in others, 
the under. The tongue is fliort, ending in a blunt point. 
The eyes are round, and placed at the upper part of the 
head. The nollrils are double, lozehge-fliaped, and 
Hand midway between the mouth and the eye. The co¬ 
verings of the gills are three or four bony laminae. The 
body is long, covered with l’cales, and furnifhed with fe- 
ven fliort fins ; the tail-fin is long, and forked. The la¬ 
teral line is llrait, and runs parallel from head to tail. 
Thefe filh inhabit the depths of the ocean ; they live on 
worms, infedts, young - craw-fifh, fnails, and the fpawn of 
other fifhes. They multiply exceedingly, and foon die 
after they are out of the water. The fifhes of this genus 
were known to the ancient ichthyologills under the names 
of chalcis, clupea , halec , barengus, trijfa , alofa, encraficolus, 
and fardina: they reckoned but three fpecies; the others 
have, by degrees, been added by various naturalifts: Lin- 
nteus has fourteen fpecies; Bloch and La Cepede, the 
latelt writers on tliis lubjedl, reckon twenty-two. 
1! Clupea harengus, the common herring, which is dif- 
tinguifhed from other fillies of the lame genus by the pro- 
trulion of the under jaw, which is bent upwards, and by 
the leventeen rays in the anal fin. There are eight rays 
in the membrane of the gills,, eighteen in the pefloral fin, 
the fame number in the dorfal and tail, and nine in the 
ventral. The head is fmall ; the eye large, with a filvery 
iris and black pupil. The aperture of the mouth is fmall; 
the tongue fliort, and, as well as the jaws, furnifhed with 
little teeth. The coverings of the gills commonly exhi¬ 
bit a red or violet fpot, which difappears loon after the 
death of the filli. The back is thick, round, and blackifli; 
the fides are filvery. Except in fpawning-time, the belly 
is fnarp and ferrated. The fins are grey, and fmall, ex¬ 
cept the tail, which is large and bifurcated,. 
Theherringfilhery, which forms foconfiderable a.branch 
of commerce to the Englilh, Dutch, and other nations of 
the north of Europe, is but a modern invention. The 
grand winter relidence of this filh is within the arflic cir¬ 
cle, where infedl food abounds in a greater degree than in 
warmer climes. From the Ardlic Seas, the herrings an¬ 
nually migrate along the fliores of America, as far as Ca¬ 
rolina ; along thofe of Europe, as far as the north of 
France ; and on the eall of Afia, they are found on the 
fliores of Kamtfchatka. The great army that annually 
iffufes from the north, feparates into fever.il diviiions : the 
firll makes its appearance off the Shetland Hies in the 
months of April and May 5 but thefe are only the har¬ 
bingers of a far more numerous body, that follows in 
June. The appearance of thefe. flrOals is always announced 
by the gulls, gannets, and other rapacious birds,that.con¬ 
tinually hover above them ; but, when the great body ap¬ 
proaches, about the beginning of halved, its breadth and 
depth alter the appearance of the ocean, which fparkles 
with various colours, like a bed of precious Hones, by 
reflecting the rays of the fun from the fcales and fins. 
When the herrings fii'fl quit the regions of the Frozen Sea, 
they are divided into different columns, offive.or fix miles 
in length, by three or four in breadth ; and in their pro- 
grefs fouth ward, the firflobflacle in their way is the Shet¬ 
land Iflands, by which they are fe pa rated into two grand 
diviiions; the one advancing along the whole Britilh coafl, 
filling every bay and creek, till it reaches the Channel, 
after which it gradually thins, till it difappears. The 
other great wing makes a fimilar circuit round the well* 
coall, till it reaches the north of Ireland, where it is again 
fubdivided ; part entering the Irifli Sea, and part l'catter- 
ingalong-the well fliores of Ireland, till it difappears about 
the entrance of St, George’s Channel. 
Several 
