724 c o c 
poppy-feeds, and others of the fize of a pepper-corn ; and 
each of them is lodged, either in part or entirely, in a 
fort of cup like that of an acorn. More than half the 
furface of the body of the infeft is covered by this cup. 
The outfide of the covering is rough, and of a blackilh 
brown ; but the infide is fmootli, polifhed, and fhining. 
On fome plants they find only one or two of thefe, and 
on others more than forty; and they are fometimes placed 
near the origin of the (talks of the plants. Breynius be¬ 
gan his obfervations on the animals in this ftate, feveral 
■of them being put into veflels of glafs; and, by the 24th 
of July, there was produced from every one of them a 
hexapod, or fix-legged worm, with two antennae on its 
head. Several of thefe were kept a fortnight, and (hewed 
no inclination to eat any thing. They ran about, how¬ 
ever, very fwiftly for fome time; but then began to be 
more quiet, drew up their bodies (hotter, and ceafed to 
run any longer. They were now of a purple colour; but 
in this (late, though they did not walk about, they were 
fubjeft to various contortions. At length, when they 
were become wholly metionlefs, their bodies became co¬ 
vered with a fine down ; this was white, and formed 
them a perfeft covering, which was fometimes of a fphe- 
rical and fometimes of an irregular figure ; it was always, 
however, very elegant; and the downy matter plainly 
enough tranfpired out of the animal’s body. The infefts 
remained in this (late of reft, and covered with this down, 
for five or fix days; but, at the end of that time, every 
one of them had laid more than 150 eggs. Theie 
eggs were depofited upon the paper on which the animals 
were placed, and were enveloped in fome meafure by a 
downy matter. When the creatures had laid all their 
eggs, they died; and, about the 24th of Auguft, there 
came from every egg a fmall infeft, which, to the eye, 
fcarcely feemed any other than a red point; it might, 
however, be obferved very plainly to move about. Thefe 
young animals lived a month wholly without fuftenance. 
Breynius was induced at firft to believe, that thefe 
infefts came to be in a ftate to produce perfect eggs 
without any corigrefs with the male; but farther obler- 
vation convinced him of the error of his opinion. He 
faw afterwards a fort of very fmall flies with two white 
wings bordered with red, produced from feveral of the 
cocci. Thefe flies are of a fimilar kind with the male gall- 
in (eft. It has before been obferved, that thefe cocci 
differ in fize. The flies are produced by the fmall ones 
not bigger than a poppy feed ; the others produce the 
worms before defcribed ; and one obfervation of Brey- 
nius’s affords a plain proof that thefe flies are the male 
inle6ts of the fpecies ; lince all thofe of the females, which 
had been a day or two accompanied by thofe flies, quickly 
covered themfelves with down and began to lay their 
eggs; whereas thofe which had not this commerce with 
the flies remained in the fame ftate, or elfe got only a 
very thin and (light covering of down, and never laid 
any eggs. 
The proper feafon for gathering this infeft, as we have 
already obferved, is about the end of June, when it is 
quite full of purple juice. Thofe who gather it have a 
hollow fpade with a (liort handle; then, taking hold of 
the plant with one hand, they raife it out of the ground 
with the tool held in the other; after which they very 
quickly and dexteroufly detach the infefts, and replace 
the plant in the ground, where it again takes root. The 
coccus is then leparated from the earth by means of a 
fteve; and, in order to prevent them from turning into 
worms, they fprinkle them with very cold water or vinegar. 
Laitly, They are killed by expofure to the fun, or keeping 
them for fome time in a warm place ; but this muft be done 
with caution, as too hafty drying fpoils the colour. Some¬ 
times they feparate the infefts from the veficles with their 
fingers, and form them into balls ; but, by this operation, 
the price is increafed. We are informed by Bernard de 
Bemith, from whom this account is taken, that the harveft 
of coccus was farmed out to -the Jews by fome Polifh 
c o c 
lords, who had pofleflions in the Ukraine; that it was 
ufed by them,-as well as the Turks and Armenians, for 
dying not only wool and (ilk, but the tails and manes of 
their.horfes ; that, by its means, the Turkifh women dyed 
the tips of their fingers of a beautiful carnation ; and that 
it was formerly ufed by the Dutch, mixed with an equal 
quantity of cochineal, the coccus being purchafed at a 
very dear rate; that beautiful paints may be prepared 
from this infeft and pounded chalk, &c. This, however, 
Macquer fuppofes to have been exaggerated, as he never 
could produce with it any other than lilac, flefh-coloUr, 
or crimfon; and he found it more expenfive than cochi¬ 
neal, as not yielding one-fifth part of the colour. 
COCCY'GRIA, f. in' botany. See Rhus. 
COCHABAM'BA, a town of South America, in Peru, 
fituated in a valley to which it gives name, and capital of 
a jurifdiftion. The plains are fertile, and the air healthy 
and ferene : 140 miles fouth-weft of Potofi. 
CO'CHE, a fmall ifland in the Caribbean fea, between 
the ifland of Margarita arid the continent of South Ame¬ 
rica. Lat. 10. 57. N. Ion. 63. 10. W. Greenwich. 
COCHE'IM, or KLocheim, a town of Germany, in the 
circle of the Lower Rhine, and electorate of Treves, oh 
■the Mofelle, formerly Imperial, but-engaged to the elec¬ 
torate of Treves in the year 1240, by the emperor Adol¬ 
phus de Naflau : thirty miles north-ealt of Treves, and 
forty-fix north-eaft of Luxemburg. 
CO'CHER, a river of Germany, which runs into the 
Neckar, near Wimpfen, in the circle of Swabia. 
COCHERE'L, a town of France, in the department of 
the Eure, noted for a victory gained by Guefclin over the 
king of Navarre, in 1654: feven miles eaft of Evreux. 
CuCHE'RINGS,/ An exaCtion or tribute in Ireland, 
now reduced to chief-rents. 
COCHIL'LA, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, which runs into the gulf of Tarento, between Caf- 
lano and RolTano, in the Province of Calabria Citra. 
CO'CHIN, a fea-port of Hindooftan, on the coaft of 
Malabar, in a country to which it gives name, chiefly 
reforted to for pepper. The Portuguefe had a fettlement 
here, but they were difpoflefled by the Dutch : eighty- 
five miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Calicut, and 120 north- 
north-weft of Travancore. 
CO'CHIN, a country of India, with a city of the fame 
name, on the coaft of ISJalabar, fituated to the northw’ard 
of Travancore. The chief trade has long been in the 
hands of the Dutch. Cochin is fituated in lat. 9.58. N. 
on the fouthern fide of the channel, on an ifland oppofite 
to another that ftretches to the fouth. It is a rajahlhip, 
formerly dependent on that of'I'ravancore, who feeros to 
have undertaken the defence of the whole traCt fouth- 
ward, by ereCling the famous lines of Travancore, which 
begin at Cranganore, and extend almoft to the foot of 
the Ghauts. The coaft is very low, fcarcely difcernible, 
except by the trees. The foundings are gradual, and are, 
at the diftance of two miles from (hore, ten or eleven fa¬ 
thoms. Ships ufually lie three or four miles'from.land ; 
a dangerous bar is an obftruftion to entering the har¬ 
bour ; and a moft furious ferge at time's beats on the 
(hore. This was one of the firft places vifited by the Por¬ 
tuguefe, after their arrival at Calicut. It was at that time 
governed by a prince, tributary to the Zamorin, but 
who (hewed every aft of friendlhip to the Portuguefe ad¬ 
miral Cabral, and his companions. At this time the har¬ 
bour was capacious and open. While he was there, two 
of the Chriftians of St. Thomas came and requefted him 
to convey them to Portugal, that from thence they might 
vifit Jerufalem and the Holy Land. Gama liimfeif 
afterwards vifited Cochin, and received every mark 
of refpedl. The tributary prince continued faithful to 
his new allies, and aflifted them with a conliderable army 
againft the Zamorin. At length fortune declared againft 
him; the Zamorin burnt his capital, and made himfelf 
mailer of his dominions. The Portuguefe under Francis 
Albuquerque, (ays Lafitau, came, in 1503, to their aflllt- 
4 ance. 
