C O F 
It .appears, however, that the Jamaica planters, after a 
multitude' of experiments and the molt laudable exer¬ 
tions, have dilcovered the art of cultivating, picking, 
and curing, the berries, fo as to make their coffee equal 
to' the growth of Arabia. Some famples have been pro¬ 
duced, which were pronounced by the London dealers 
even fuperior to the belt brought from the Eall. Two of 
them were equal to the bell Mocha coffee; and two more 
■were fuperior to any that could be had at the grocers’ 
fhops in London, unlefs the price of picked coffee be 
paid, which is two Ihillings the pound more than what 
they call the belt coffee. The other famples were little, 
if at all, inferior to what the grocers call bell coffee. 
The coffee-tree having been tranfported to Europe, and 
to the poffelfions of Europeans both in the Eall and Well 
Indies from Arabia, has been commonly fuppofed to be 
indigenous of that country. It feems, however, accord¬ 
ing to Mr. Bruce, to have been brought originally from 
the kingdom of Calfa, the fouth province of Narea, in 
Africa, It is the wood of the country, produced fponta- 
neoully every where in great abundance, from Caffa to 
the banks of the Nile. The foot of the mountains, or 
edge of the marlhes neared Narea, is thick overgrown 
with coffee-trees, which, if not the only, is the larged 
tree known there. 
Coffee is named by the Perfians cabnva and coho ; by 
the Turks, ckaube and cahvey ; by the Arabians, cacbua, 
caoua, and cahouah. The Egyptians call it eleanje. The 
annexed engraving exhibits a branch of the Arabian or 
eadern coffee-tree, with its fruflification ; viz. a, the 
bloffom differed, to lliew the Itamens ; b, the germen and 
pillillum; c, the ripe fruit or berry; d , a fedlion of the 
berry, Ihewing that each contains two feeds, which is the 
coffee; e, an horizontal fedlion, with the feeds eredt; f, a 
lingie, covered with its aril or membrane; g, a lingle 
feed, with its membrane opened ; /;, the naked feed, which 
is the pure coffee. 
2. Coffea Occidentalis, or wedern coffee-tree ; flowers 
four-cleft, berries one-feeded. This coffee-tree is up¬ 
right, branching, and fix feet high. Native of St. Do¬ 
mingo, about Cape Francois, where it flowers in Decem¬ 
ber. It is alfo pretty common in the lower woods of 
Jamaica. Browne names it the wild jeffamine, the flow¬ 
ers having much of the lhape and fmell of our white 
jeffamine. 
3. Coffea racemofa, or branched coffee-tree : very much 
branched, leaves rugged, racemes terminating. This is 
a fmall tree, only four feet high, with many difful'ed 
round branches. Native of the ifland of Mozambique. 
4. Coffea Zanguebariae, or Zanguebar coffee-tree : co¬ 
rollas lix-cleft, fruit angular-nerved. This Is a fmall 
upright tree, fix feet high, with thick, Ihort, fpreading, 
branches. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, fmooth, oppofite. 
Flowers white, axillary, feveral together, on (hort one- 
flowered peduncles; border fix or feven-parted. Berries 
red, oblong-ovate, angular, with longitudinal nerves, 
having two feeds. Native of Africa on the coalt of Zan- 
giiebar; and cultivated near Mozambique with the fore¬ 
going fort. 
5. Coffea Guianenfis, or Guiana coffee-tree: flowers 
four-cleft; berries fmall, violet-coloured, two-feeded. 
Stem branching, from one to two feet in height. Native 
of Guiana, in the great forefts of Orapu; flowering and 
fruiting in September. 
6. Coffea paniculata : branches quadrangular; leaves 
ovate-oblong, acute; corollas four-cleft; berries two- 
feeded. Trunk feven or eight feet high, and five or fix 
inches in diameter, covered with a grey, wrinkled, clo¬ 
ven, bark. Native of Guiana; flowering and fruiting 
in April. 
7. Coffea fambucina : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute ; 
cymes corymbed, terminating. 8. Coffee opulina : leaves 
ovate-lanceolate; ‘cymes contrafted, globular, terminat¬ 
ing. 9. Coffea odorata: leaves ovate, acute; cymes co- 
■rymbed, axillary, so, Coffea triflora 1 leaves ovate-lance- 
F E A. 743 
date, acuminate ; peduncles terminating three together, 
one-flowered. Thefe were found by our late circumna¬ 
vigators in the iflands of the South Seas. The 7th in the 
Friendly Iflands; the 8th in New Caledonia; the 9th in 
Tanna and the Friendly Iflands; and the 10th in Otaheite. 
Propagation and Culture. As the coffee-tree is an ever¬ 
green, it makes a beautiful appearance at every feafon in 
the ffove, but particularly when it is in flower; and,alfo 
when the berries are red, which is generally in the win¬ 
ter; as they continue a long time in that ltate, there is 
fcarcely any plant that more deferves a place in the ffove 
than this. It is propagated by the berries, which muff 
be fown foon after they are gathered from the trees; for, 
if they are kept out of the ground a fortnight, they will 
not grow. This has conllantly happened every where, 
for the berries fent from Holland to Paris did not grow, 
nor did thofe which were fent from Paris to England ; 
fo that wherever thefe trees are delired, the young plants 
mult be fent, if it be at any dillance from the place where 
they grow. 
The berries fliould be planted in fmall pots Ailed with 
light kitchen-garden earth, and plunged into a hot-bed 
of tanners’ bark; they muff be watered gently once or 
twice a-week, but the earth muff not be too moift, left it 
rot the berries. If the bed be of a proper temperature.of 
warmth, the plants will appear in a month or five weeks 
time, and in about two months more will be fit to tranf- 
plant. For, as many of the berries will produce two 
plants, fo the fooner they are parted, the better their 
loots will be formed; for, when they grow double tiil 
they have made large roots, they will be fo intermixed 
and entangled, as to render it difficult to feparate them 
without tearing off their fibres, which will greatly preju¬ 
dice the plants. When thefe are tranfplanted, they muff 
be each put into a feparate fmall pot, filled with the fame 
earth as before, and plunged into the tan-bed again, 
which fliould be ftirred up to the bottom, and, if re¬ 
quired, fome new tan fliould be mixed with it, to renew 
the heat. Then the plants fliould be gently watered, and 
the glaffes of the hot-bed muff be fliaded every day till 
they have taken new root; after which the plants fliould 
have free air admitted to them every day, in proportion 
to the warmth of the feafon : during the fummer they 
will require frequently to be refreflied with water, but 
they mull not have it in too great plenty; for, if their 
roots are kept too moift, they are very fubjefl to rot, 
then the leaves will foon decay and drop off', and the 
plants become naked ; when this happens, they are fel- 
dom recovered again. The firll fign of thefe plants being 
difordered is, their leaves fweating out a clammy juice, 
which attrafls the fmall infe< 5 ts that too frequently infelt 
the plants in lloves ; when they are not in health, thefe 
infers cannot be dellroyed, till the plants are recovered 
to vigour; for, aithough the plants are ever fo carefully 
waffled and cleaned from them, yet they will be foon at¬ 
tacked by them again, if they are not recovered to health, 
for thefe infefls are never feen upon any of the plants 
while they are in perfedt vigour; but when they are dif¬ 
ordered they foon fpread over.all the leaves and tender 
parts of the plants, and multiply exceedingly ; therefore, 
upon the firll attack, the plants fliould be drifted into 
freflt earth, and all poflible care taken to recover them, 
without which all the wafliing and cleaning of the plants 
will be to little purpofe. The diforders attending the 
coffee-trees, generally proceed from either being put into 
pots too large for them, nothing being ot worfe confe- 
quence than over potting them ; or from the earth being 
too Itiff, or from their being overhung by other plants, 
or being over watered. If thefe are properly taken care 
of, and the ffove kept always in a proper temperature of 
heat, the plants will thrive, and produce plenty of fruit. 
After trial of feveral coinpofitions of earth for thcle 
plants, none has been found equal to that ot a kitchf* 
garden, where the foil is naturally loofe, and not fi’’ 
to bind; and if it has conllantly been well wio>> .ojeft 
-gfit and 
properly 
