C O K 
760 
refolved or adjudged before ; and the reafons and caufes 
of the faid refolutions, and judgments during the molt 
happy reign of the moil Mutinous and renowned queen 
Elizabeth, the fountain of all juftice, and the life of the 
law.” The fecond, third, and fo on to the eleventh part 
o!’ the Reports, were all publilhed by himfelf in the reign 
of James I. The twelfth part of his Reports has a certi¬ 
ficate printed before it, dated February 2, 1655, and fub- 
fcribed E. Builtrod ; fignifying, that he cohceives it to be 
the genuine work of lit- Edward Coke. The title of the 
13th part is, Seleft Cafes in Law, reported by fir Edw. 
Coke; and thefe are alferted to be his, in a preface figned 
with the initials J. G. In 1614 there was pub'iifhed, A 
Speech and Charge at Norwich Aflizes, intended to pafs 
for fir Edw. Coke’s ; but he clearly difciaims it, in the pre¬ 
face to the feventh part of his Reports. He did, indeed, 
make a fpeech at that time, and in fome meafure to this 
purpofe; but thefe notes of it were gathered without his 
knowledge in a very incorredl manner, and publilhed with 
a defign to prejudice and expofe him. In 1614. was pub¬ 
lilhed, in folio, A Book of Entries, containing perfeft and 
approved precedents of courts, declarations, informa¬ 
tions, plaints, indictments, bars, duplications, rejoinders, 
pleadings, proceffes, continuances, efl’oigns, iflues, de¬ 
faults, departure in defpight of the court, demurrers, 
trials, judgments, executions, and all other matters and 
proceedings, in effedl, concerning the pradlic part of the 
laws of England, in adliotis real, perfonal, mixed, and in 
appeals; being very necelfary to be known, and of ex¬ 
cellent ufe for the modern practice of the law, many of 
them containing matters in law, and points of great learn¬ 
ing; collected and publilhed for the comfnpn good and 
benefit of all the dubious and learned profelfors of the 
laws of England. His Inftitutes are divided into four 
parts. The firft is the tranflation and comment upon the 
Tenures of fir Thomas Littleton, one of the judges of the 
common-pleas in the reign of Edward IV. It was pub¬ 
lilhed in his life-time, in 1628 ; but that edition was very 
inconeCh There was a fecond pubiilhed in 1629, faid to be 
revifed by the author, and in which this work is much 
amended ; yet leveral miftakes remained even in that. 
The fecond part of the Inftitutes gives us magna charta 
and other feledl ftatutes, in the languages in which they 
were fir ft enadled, and much more correct than they were 
to be had any where elfe. He adds to thefe a commentary 
full of excellent learning, wherein he thews how the com¬ 
mon lavr itood before thofe ftatutes were made, how far 
they are introductory of new laws,'and how far declara¬ 
tory of the old; what were the caufes of making them, 
to what ends they w'ere made, and in'what degree, at the 
time of his writing, they were, either altered or repealed. 
The third part of the Inftitutes contains the criminal 
law or pleas of the crown ; where, among other things, 
he fliews, in regard to pardons and rellitutions, how far 
t'he king may proceed by his prerogative, and where the 
a Hi fiance of parliament is necelfary. The fourth part of 
the Inftitutes comprehends the jurifdiCtion of all the 
courts in this kingdom, from the high court of parlia¬ 
ment down to the court-baron. This part not being pub¬ 
lilhed till after his deceafe, there are many inaccuracies 
and fome greater faults in it, which were animadverted 
upon and amended in a book written by William Pryn- 
ne, efquire, and publilhed in 1669. There are befides, of 
his, 1. A Treatife of Bail and M,ainprize, 1637, 4to. 2. 
Reading on the State of Fines, 27 Edw. I. 1662, +to. 3. 
Complete Copyholder, 1640, 4to. There was added in 
another edition of this book in 1650, 4to, Calthorpe’s 
Reading between a Lord of the Manor and a Copyholder 
his Tenant, &c. And in the editions in nrao, 1668 and 
1673, there is a fupplement. 
COKE,/ [perhaps from coquo, Skinner.] Fewel made 
by burning pit-coal under earth, and quenching the cin¬ 
ders ; in a limilar manner as charcoal is made with wood. 
It is frequently ufed in drying malt. 
C O IC 
COKE-OVEN, a very ufeful invention of the right 
honourable Henry Seymour Conway, for which he receiv¬ 
ed his majeliy’s letters patent in June 1789. It is adapt¬ 
ed to the purpofes of conveying the heat nrifing from the 
fire of coal, while making into coke, in a manner fuffi- 
cient for working fteam-engines; baking bread, bifcuit, 
&c. calcining and fufing ores and metals; alfo for warm¬ 
ing rooms, heating water-baths, and other fimilar ules 
whereby the expence of the coal heretofore necelfary for 
fuch operations is entirely laved, as the coal is converted 
into coke. The modes of applying it are as follow: jft„ 
In working fteam-engines, the coal being fpread on a 
flat hearth, as dual in coke-ovens, and being furrounded 
and covered ever with a crown cf brick-work, formed fo 
as to contain and reverberate the heat, the proper open¬ 
ings muft be made in the crown, or the fearch, through 
which to convey the flame and heat of the coal, while it 
is burning to be charred or made into coke, fo as to give 
heat to the boiler employed, fufficient to raiie the fteam 
necelfary for working the engine to which it is to be adapt¬ 
ed, according to the fize of its cylinder, and force requir¬ 
ed ; and to this the fize of the oven, as well as tiie flues or 
openings, mult be adapted. Thefe openings may be of 
different forms, having the necelfary number of fquare 
inches as a vent for the flame and heat; and may be va- 
rioufly placed, according to the pofition and form of the 
boiler; but, by different experiences and trials, are 
thought generally belt when made in the backward part 
of the oven, the draught being apparently brifkcr, and 
the flame, being conveyed under the bottom of the boil¬ 
er, in fuch a ftream or body as may give the necelfary 
heat, Ihould be drawn round the boiler in one or more 
flues, according tc the ftiape of the b iler, and height of 
water. Where the latter is not confiderable, it may be 
fufficient to fill the fpace under the boiler with flame, and 
then carry it off to the chimney, or diredl it to any other 
purpole, taking care that the flues or openings from un¬ 
der the boiler be fo framed as not to carry off the flame 
by too quick a draught; which, befides a due fize given 
to fuch flues, Ihould be farther governed by regifters 
placed therein, fo as to check the draught at pleafure; 
by that means, either keeping a full body of flame under 
the boiler, or increafing its adlivity by a brilker draught, 
which may be varied according to the different Fates of 
t of the fire. When the heat is to be given to ovens, for 
the purpofe of baking bread or bifcuit, or for pies or 
meat, or any other kind of thing to be dreffed or baked 
in ovens, the flame or heat muft then be ccndudled lb as 
to heat all parts of the baking-ovens, whether placed 
over the coke-ovens, or in the back, or in any other di- 
redtion fufficiently contiguous. For this purpofe, flues 
are to be formed under the bottom of the baking-ovens, in 
fuch manner as to difperfe the heat, as near as may be, 
equally to the different parts; carrying it from the bot¬ 
tom, by a circular flue each way, round the fearch or 
fides, whence it riles to give heat in the fame way over 
the top; making the brick-work, in each part, of a 
thicknefs calculated to give the requifite warmth without 
burning; for which end it fliould be made fomewhat 
thickeft under the bottom, where it comes fir It from the 
coke-oven, and thinneft over the crown, where it may 
have loll forr.ething of its force. An oven or machine 
for baking bifcuit on this plan has been eredled and work¬ 
ed, by which three baking-ovens are heated from the fire 
of the fame coke-oven ; one of them being placed imme¬ 
diately over, and the two others behind, the fame coke- 
oven, on a level with it, and as near as they could ftand 
to each other, at equal diftance from it. The flame for 
heating the two haft iffuing from the back of the coke- 
oven, and that for the firft riling by flues or openings 
through the crown ; all the laid openipgs from the coke- 
oven being governed by regifters between the coke and 
baking ovens, fo as that the flame may be Ihut off from 
any or all of them at pleafure ; to which .are alfo added 
other 
