COL 
twice lord-mayor, who had, befides him, twenty-one 
children. His mother, whole family riame is unknown, 
had the fingular ill fortune to furvive the whole of her 
numerous progeny. His education for the holy profei- 
fion in which he afterwards diftinguilhed himfelf, was 
begun in London, matured at Magdalen-college in Ox¬ 
ford, and perfefted in France and Italy, where his pro¬ 
found knowledge of divinity, is faid to have. ftood unri¬ 
valled. After his return from his travels, he&fettled again 
at Oxford, where he contrasted a drift intimacy with the 
admirable Erafmus, who w'as then ftudying there, and 
whofe fubfequent correlpondence with him contains an 
hiltory of his character, and in fome meafure of his life. 
We gather from thence, that he was a man of fanguine 
temperament; high-fpirited and lialty; inclined to the 
luxuries of the table, and gay converfation, and by no 
means infenfible to imprelTions ftill fofter. Thefe faults, 
however, he correfted by temperance, and by a fevere 
application to his.ftudies; and, fays Erafmus expreffly, 
“ Virginitatis florcm ad mortem ufque ferajavit." (Sir Ifaac 
Newton did the fame.) In 1493 he was admitted a pre¬ 
bendary of York, and in 1502 of Salilbury; and three 
years after, was promoted, without infereft or application, 
to the deanery of St. Paul’s. Here he became remarkable 
fora moll correct obfervance of his pattoral duties; and, 
in addition to his own perfonal fervices, drew together 
the moft eminent fcholars and divines of the time, to 
read leftures in his cathedral, of which number Erafmus 
himfelf was one. Amidlt thefe pious labours for the liv¬ 
ing, he formed a noble plan for the benefit of thoufands 
yet unborn, and had the happinefs to carry it into exe¬ 
cution, the foundation of St. Paul’s fchool. This lading 
monument to his fame he erefted at the expence of four 
thoufand five hundred pounds; entrusted the government 
of the fchool to the mercers’ company, of which his far 
ther had been a member, and gave the charge of educar 
tion to the famous grammarian William Lilly. His health 
now foon declined, and, from three repeated attacks of 
the fweating ficknefs, he fell into a confumption. Inca¬ 
pacitated by this infirmity from performing the offices of 
liis function, he retired to the monaftery of the Carthu- 
fians at Shene; and, having languifhed for fome months, 
died there on the 16th of September 1519, and was bu¬ 
ried in his cathedral church of St. Paul. He wrote feve- 
Val things, as follow : 1. Oratio habita a doftore Jobanne 
Colet, decano fanfti Pauli, ad clerum in convocatione, 
anno 1511. This being hardly to be met with, except in 
the Bodleian library at Oxford, among archbiffiop Laud’s 
manufcripts, is reprinted by Knight in his appendix to 
the life of Colet; -where alfo is reprinted an old Englifii 
tranflation of it, fuppofed to have been done by the au¬ 
thor himfelf. 2. Rudimenta Grammatices a Joanne Co- 
leto, decano ecclefia fanfti Pauli Londin. in ufum fcholae 
ab ipfo inftitutae; commonly called “ Paul’s Accidence, 
■1539,” Svo. 3. The Conftruftion of the Eight Parts of 
Speech, Antwerp, 1530, Svo. 4. Daily Devotions; or, 
the Chriftian’s morning and evening facrifice. 5. Moni¬ 
tion to a godly life. 1534, 1563, &c. 6. Epillols ad 
Erafmum. There are Hill remaining in manufcri.pt others 
of his pieces, of which the curious and inquilitive may 
fee an account in his life by Knight. With regard to 
fermons, he wrote but few ; for he generally preached „ 
without notes. 
COLET'TA-VEET'L A. See Barleria. 
COTE WORT,/ [caplpyjvc, Sax.] A fpecies of cab¬ 
bage. See Brassica. 
How turnips hide their fvvelling heads below, 
And how the clofing colenuorts upwards grow. Gay. 
CO'LIBERTS, f. \_coliberti, Lat.] in law, were tenants 
in ancient foccage, and particularly fuch villeins as were 
manumitted or made freemen. But they had not an ab- 
folute freedom; for, though they were better than fer- 
vants, yet they had fuperior lords to whom they paid cer¬ 
tain duties, and in that refpeft might be called fervants, 
though they were of middle condition between freemen 
and fervants. 
CO'LIBRr,/ in ornithology, that beautiful divifion of 
the humming-birds, which have a curved bill. See the 
article Trochilus. 
CO'LIC,/ [ colicus , Lat.] It flriftly is a diforder of the 
colon ; but loolely, any diforder of the ftomach or bowels 
that is attended with pain. —Colics of infants proceed 
from acidity, and the air in the aliment expanding itfelf, 
while the aliment ferments. Arbutbnot. See the article 
Medicine, 
CO'LIC, adj. Afftfting the bowels.—Inteftine ftone and 
ulcer, colic pangs. Milton. 
CO'LIGNY (Gafpard de), admiral of France, born the 
16th of February 1516, at Chatillon-fur-Loing. He fig- 
nalized himfelf under Francis I. at the battle ofCeriloies, 
and under Henry II. who made him colonel-general of 
the French infantry, and afterwards admiral of France, 
in 1552; favours which he obtained by the brilliant ac¬ 
tions he performed at the battle of Renti, by his zeal for 
military’difcipline, by his viftories over the Spaniards, 
and efpecially by the defence of St. Quintin. The admi¬ 
ral threw himfelf into that place, anc] exhibited prodigies 
of valour; but the town being forced, he was made pri- 
foner of war. After the death of Henry II. he put him¬ 
felf at the head of the Calvinills againll the Guifes, and 
formed fo powerful a party as to threaten ruin to the Ro- 
miffi religion in France. On trying occafions he feemed 
to fet 110 value on his life. Being wounded, and his 
friends lamenting around him, he laid to them with in¬ 
credible conllancy, “ The bufinefs we follow fnould make 
us as familiar witli death as with life.” The firll pitched 
battle that happened between the huguenots and the ca¬ 
tholics was that of Dreux, in 1562. The admiral fought 
bravely, loll it, but laved the army. The duke of Guile 
having been murdered by treachery, a Ihort time after¬ 
wards, at the fiege of Orleans, he was accufed of having 
connived at this bafe affaflination ; but he cleared him- 
felf.of the charge by oath. The civil wars ceafed for fome 
time, but only to re-commence with greater; fuiy in 1567. 
Coligni and Conde fought the battle of St. Denys againll 
the conllable Montmorenci. This indecifive day was fol¬ 
lowed by that of Jarnac, in 15S9, fatal to the Calvinills. 
Conde having been killed in a (hocking manner, Coligni 
liad to fuftain the whole weight of the party. He alone 
fupported that unhappy caufe, and was again defeated at 
the affair of Moncontour, without fuffering his courage 
to be ffiaken for a moment. An advantageous peace 
leemed Ihortly after to terminate thefe bloody conflicts in 
1571. Coligni appeared at court, where he was loaded 
with careffes, in common with all the reft of his party. 
Charles IX. ordered him to be paid a hundred thouland 
francs as a reparation of the Ioffes he had fullained, and 
reftored to him his place in the council. On all hands he 
was exhorted to diftruft thefe perfidious careffes. A cap¬ 
tain of the Calvinills, who was retiring into the country, 
came to take leave of him : Coligni alked him the reafon 
of fo fudden a retreat: “ It is (laid the foldier) becaule 
they (hew us too many kindneffes: I had father efcape 
with the fools, than perifti with the over-wife.” A con- 
fpiracy foon broke out; the admiral was fired at from a 
■window, and wounded in the arm. Maurevert had been 
employed to affaffinate Coligni, at the inftance of the duke 
de Guife, who had propoled the fell erne to Charles IX. it 
was this wretch who (hot at him from a lioufe belonging 
to the convent of St. Germain-l’Auxerrois. The king 
of Navarre, and the prince of Conde, complained of this 
villainous aft. Charles IX. trained to the arts of diffimu- 
lation, pretended fo be extremely afflifted at the event, 
ordered drift enquiry to be made after the author of it, 
and called Coligni by the tender name of father. This 
W'as at the very time when he was meditating the maffacre 
of the protfiftants. The carnage began on the 24th of 
Augull, 1573, for the (hocking particulars of which fee 
the article Bartholomew’s Day, vol. ii. p. 764. The 
duke 
