776, COLL 
pence in a very fplendid manner. To this college be¬ 
long thirty-four prodtors, who make themfelves parties 
for their clients, manage their caufes, &c. 
College of Physicians, a corporation of phyficians 
in London, who by feveral charters and a£fs of parlia¬ 
ment of Henry VIII. and his fucceffors, have the exclu- 
five privileges, whereby no man, though a graduate in 
phyfic of any univerfity, may, without licence under the 
the faidcollege-feal, praftife phyfic in or within feven miles 
of London ; with power to adminifter oaths, fine andim- 
prifon offenders in that and feveral other particulars ; to 
fearch the apothecaries (hops in and about London, to 
fee if their drugs be w'holefome, and their compofitions 
according to the form prefcribed by the faid college in 
their difpenfatory. By the faid charter they are alio freed 
from all troublefome offices, as to ferve on juries, be con- 
Itable, keep watch, provide arms, &c. The fociety }iad 
anciently a college in Knight-rideriftreet, the gift of Dr. 
Linacre phylician to Henry VIII. Since that time they 
had a houfe built by the famous Dr. Harvey in' 1652, 
at the end of Amen-corner, Pater-nofter Row, which he 
endowed with his whole inheritance in his lifetime : but 
this being burnt in the great fire in 1666, a new one was 
erefted, at the expence of the fellows, in Warwick-lane, 
with a noble library, given partly by the marquis of Dor- 
chefter, and partly by fir Theodore Mayerne. Of this 
college there are at prefent a prefident, four cenfors, eight 
eleftors, a regiftrar, and a treafurer, chofen annually in 
October; the cenfors have, by charter, power to furvey, 
govern, and arreft, all phyficians, or others praftifing 
phyfic, in or within feven miles of London ; and to fine, 
amerce, and imprifon them, at difcretion. The number 
of fellows was anciently thirty, till Charles II. increafed 
their number to forty : and James II. giving them a new 
charter, allowed the number of fellows to be enlarged fo 
>as~not to exceed fourfcore; referving to himfelf and fuc- 
ceifors the power of placing and dilplacing any of them 
for the future. 
College of Physicians in Edinburgh, was erect¬ 
ed on the 29th of November 1681. The defigil of this in- 
ftitution was to prevent the abufes daily committed by 
foreign and illiterate impoltors, quacks, &c. For this rea¬ 
son the king granted letters patent to ere£t into a body 
corporate and politic, certain phyficians in Edinburgh, 
and their fucceffors, by the title of “ the Prefident and 
Royal College of Phyficians at Edinburgh,” with power 
to choofe annually a council of feven, one whereof to be 
prefident,: thefe are to eleft a treafurer, clerk, and other 
officers; lo have a common feal; to fue and to be fued; 
to make laws for promoting the art of phyfic, and regu¬ 
lating the praftice thereof, within the city of Edinburgh, 
town of Leith, and diftriris of the Canongate, Weftport, 
Pleafaqce, and Potter-row ; through all which the jurif- 
dftdion of the college extends. Throughout thejurifdic- 
tion, no perfon is allowed to praftife phyfic without a 
warrant from the college, under the penalty of five pounds 
feeding the firlt month, to be doubled monthly after- 
Wards while the offence is continued; one half the 
money ariling from fuch fines to go to the poor, the other 
to the ufe of the college. They are alio empowered to 
punifli all'licentiates in phyfic within the above-men¬ 
tioned bounds, for faults committed againlt the inftitu- 
tions of the college ; and to fine them of films not ex¬ 
ceeding forty-lhillings. On finch occafions, however, they 
muff have one of the bailiffs of the city to fit in judg¬ 
ment along with them, otherwife their fentence is not 
valid. They are all’o empowered to fearch and infpefl 
all medicines within their jurifdiclion, and leize all fuch 
as are bad or unvvholefome. That they may the better 
attend their patients, they are exempted from watching, 
warding, and ferving on juries. They are, however, re- 
ftrained from erefting fchools for teaching the art of phy¬ 
fic, or conferring degrees on any perfon qualified for 
the office of a phyfician; but are obliged to licence all 
f uch as have taken their degrees in any other univerfity, 
E G S. 
and to admit as honorary members all the profeffors of 
phyfic in the reft of the univerfities of Scotland. Thefe 
privileges and immunities are not to interfere with the 
rights gnd privileges of the apothecary furgeons, in their 
praftice of curing wounds, contufions, fractures, and 
other external operations. The Edinburgh college of fur- 
geons is but a late inftitution, by which the furgeons of 
Edinburgh are incorporated into a royal college, and au- 
thoriled to carry into execution a fcheme for making pro- 
viiion for their widows and children. They have alfo 
the privilege of examining, and licenfing, if found qua¬ 
lified, all praftitioners in lurgery within certain bounds. 
College of Justice, the fupreme civil court of 
Scotland; otherwife called court offejfion, or of council and 
fejfwn. 
Sion College, or the college of the London clergy ; 
has been a religious houfe time out of mind, fometim.es 
under the denomination of a priory, fometimes under 
that of a lpital or hol'pital: at its diifolution under 31ft 
Henry VIII. it was called Elfyn's fpital, from the name of 
its founder, a mercer, in 1329. At prefent it is a compo- 
fition of both, viz. a college for the clergy of London, 
who were incorporated in 1630, in purluance to the will 
of Dr. White, under the name of the prefident and fel¬ 
lows of Sion college ; and an hofpital for ten poor men 
and as many women. The officers of the corporation 
are the prefident, two deans, and four affiftants; who are 
annually chofen from among the reftors and vicars of 
Londpn ; and are fubjedt to the vifitation of the biffiop. 
They have a good library, built and ltocked by Mr. 
Simpfon, and furryfhed by feveral other benefactors, 
chiefly for the clergy of the city, without excluding other 
ftudents on certain terms; and a hall, with chambers for 
lludents, generally occupied by the minified of the 
neighbouring pariffies. 
Gresham College, or College of Philosophy, 
founded by fir Thomas Grefham, and endowed with the 
revenue of the Royal Exchange: one moiety of this en¬ 
dowment of the founder bequeathed to the mayor and 
aldermen of London and their fucceffors, in truft, that 
they fliould find four able perfons to read, within the 
college, divinity, geometry, aftronomy, and muiic ; who 
are chofen by a committee of the common council, con¬ 
fiding of the lord mayor and three aldermen and eight 
commoners, and allowed each, befides lodging, fifty 
pounds per annum. The other moiety he left to the com¬ 
pany of mercers, to find three more able perfons, chofen 
by a committee of that company, confiding of the mailer 
and three wardens, during their office, and eight of the 
court of affiftants, to read law, phyfic, and rhetoric, on 
the fame terms; with this limitation, that the feveral 
lecturers fliould read in term-time, every day in the week 
except Sundays; in the morning in Latin, in the after¬ 
noon the fame in Engliffi: but that in mufic to be read 
only in Englifti. By 8th George III. c. 32. the building 
appropriated to this college was taken down, and the ex- 
ciie-office ereiled in its room. Each of the profeffors is 
allowed fifty pounds per annum, in lieu of the apartments. 
See. relinquifhed by them in the college, and is permitted 
to marry, notwithllanding the reftridfion of fir Thomas 
Grefham’s will. The lectures are now read in a room 
over the Royal Exchange ; and the city and mercers com¬ 
pany are required to provide a proper place for this pur- 
poie. In this college formerly met the Royal Society, that 
noble academy, inftituted by Charles II. and celebrated 
throughout the world for their improvements in natural 
knowledge. See their hiftory and policy under Society. 
College de Propaganda Fide, was founded at Rome 
in 1622, by Gregory XV. and enriched with ample reve¬ 
nues. It confilted of thirteen cardinals, two priefts, and a 
lecretary; and was deiigned for the propagation and 
maintenance of the Romilh religion in all parts of the 
world. The funds of this college were confiderably 
augmented by Urban VIII. and many private donations. 
Miffiouaries were fupplied by this inltitution, and fent to 
preach 
s 
