8 o6 COLUBER. 
entirely white and fpotlefs. It has 209 abdominal fcuta, 
and 62 lubi-caudal fquamae; total 271. 
116. Coluber fcaber, the rough viper; a native of 
South America and India, ornamented with brown and 
' black, rough of railed fpots ; the back of the crown of 
the head divided by a black line ; the fcales carinated. 
It has 228 abdominal fcuta, and 44 fub-caudal fquama; ; 
total 272. 
117. Coluber carinatus-, the carinated viper. The 
ground colour is between a black and a blue, with white 
round fpots on the tides ; the-back carinated, or raifed 
like the keel of a (hip. It is a native of South America 
and India ; more than fix feet long ; the fcuta white ; 
the head obtufe; the eyes large, and rather prominent; 
the fcales pale at the edges, the tail round and tapering 
by degrees, with a pale line in the middle. It is laid to 
be innocuous. It is furnifhed with 157 abdominal fcuta, 
and 11 j fub-caudal fquamae, total 272; or 167, and 125, 
making 292. 
118. Coluber coraliinus, the coralline viper ; a native 
of Alia, of the colour of white coral, wit-h three brown 
fillets; the fcales are diftant from each other ; the Tides 
are decorated with rows of round white fpots like ltrings 
of pehrl. It feeds on toads, frogs, and lizards, and has 
a furpriling faculty of dillending its thorax. It kills by 
poifon, and like the. boa it llavers over its viftim with a 
gelatinous matter previous to deglutition. It has 193 ab¬ 
dominal fcuta, and 82 fub-caudal fquamae; total 275. 
119. Coluber ovivorus, the egg-devouring viper; a na¬ 
tive of America. It preys on birds, and has the faculty, 
of finding out their nelts, and fucking their eggs, on 
which it principally feeds during the lummer months; 
afterwards on the young birds. It is otherwii'e innocuous; 
and has 203 abdominal fcuta, and 73 fub-caudal fquamae; 
making .275. 
120. Coluber laurita, the lizard viper; it is long, and 
very llender, a native of Carolina, of a bright lizard 
green, the upper part brown, with three bright green 
longitudinal fillets. It feeds, like the lizard, on frogs and 
in fells, and is harmlefs. It has 15* abdominal fcuta, and 
21 fub-caudal fquamse; total 177. 
121. Coluber conftrictor, the writhing viper; a fpecies 
very common in. North America. It creeps with extra¬ 
ordinary fpeed; bites, but without poifon ; attacks men 
about their feet and legs, writhing and twilling round 
them as it does round trees. It is remarkably fraooth and 
narrow ; for the moll part black, the under part of a pale 
blue, and the throat white. It has 186 abdominal fcuta, 
and 29 fub-caudal fquamae; in all 215. 
122. Coluber exoletus, the obfolete viper ; a native of 
South America and.India, very long and taper, like the 
thong of a whip. It is of a cinereous green, with a few 
large obtufe fcales, white at the tips. It has 147 abdo¬ 
minal fcuta, and 132 fub-caudal fquamse; total 279. 
123. Coluber fitula, the water-fucking viper; quite 
harmlefs, a native of Egypt, grey on the back, with fil¬ 
lets edged on each fide with a black longitudinal line. It 
has 236 abdominal fcuta, and 45 fub-caudal fquamse 5 
amounting to 281. 
124. Coluber trifcalis, or three-ladder viper; a native 
of South America and India. The ground colour is a 
beautiful fea green, with three fmall brown longitudinal 
lines on the back, uniting at the nape of the neck, and 
tie middle one breaking off at the top ; likewife a brown 
line on each of its tides, running equi-diftant with the 
two former to the point of the tail ; and being croffed 
with fine tranfverfe lines, forms the device of three lad¬ 
ders on its back. It is furnifhed with 195 abdominal fcuta, 
and 86 fub-caudal fquamse; total 281. 
125. Coluber guttatus, the mottled viper; a native of 
Carolina. It is of a livid colour, the back mottled with 
bright red and black fpots ; the tides with black flreaks ; 
the abdomen with alternate quadrangular 1 black fpots. It 
has 227 abdominal fcuta, and 60 fub-caudal fquamse; to¬ 
tal 287. 
126. Coluber lemnlfcatus, the wreathed viper; a na¬ 
tive of Alia, about three feet in length, remarkably 
fmootli, fliining, and taper ; the ground colour is white, 
bound round with ferruginous or black tranfverfe bands 
forming wreaths, three of which are clofe together; the 
dorfal fcales are ferruginous at the edges. The fcuta and 
fquamae often vary; but the'moil ufual number is, ab¬ 
dominal fcuta. 250, fub-caudal fquamse 35, making 285. 
127. Coluber annulatus, the simulated viper; a native 
of America, from nineteen inches to three feet long. 
The under part is white ; the back cinereous grey, an- 
nulated with bright brown, orfometiines with black, red, 
or azure, rings, placed at equal diftances round the body 
from head to tail. It has 190 abdominal fcuta, and 96 
fquamse, making 286 ; but thefe differ extremely in the 
different varieties of this ferpent. 
128. Coluber diplas, the thirll-caufing viper. Its bite 
is produ&ive of a raging fever ; whence arifes infatiable 
thirfl, and afterwards delirium. It it a native of India, 
America, and Ceylon. It is of a blue green colour; the 
fcales white at the edges; the tail cf a (ky-blue, with a 
kind of feam beneath; abdominal fcuta 152, fub-caudal 
fquamae 135, total 2875 or 155 and 123, making 278. 
129. Coluber Dhara, the Dhara viper. This fpecies is 
found round Dhara, in the Malva country in Hindooftan, 
and in the province of Yeman in Arabia. It is more 
than a cubit in length, though lefs than the little finger 
in thicknefs. It is without (pots ; the upper part is of a 
copper-colour, the edges of the fcales of a Alining white ; 
the under part white : the head round and obtufe, the la¬ 
minae on the top large and ftrong ; and one in the middle 
between the eyes larger and ftronger than the others. It 
has 235 abdominal fcuta, 48 fub-caudal fquamae; total 283. 
130. Coluber Pelias, thePelian viper; a native of South 
America, and India. It is brown at the back of the 
head and eyes ; the under part green, with a yellow fillet 
on each. fide, edged with black. It lias 187 abdominal 
fcuta, 130 fub-caudal fquamae; making 317. 
1 31. Coluber Tyria, the Tyrian Vi per; a native of Egypt, 
white, with a triple longitudinal row of rhombiated (pots. 
It has 218 abdominal fcuta, 83 fub-caudal fquamae; a- 
mouiiting to 293. 
132. Coluber jugularis, the blood-throated viper; a 
native of Egypt and Ethiopia. It is black, with a blood- 
coloured throat, appearing like frefli blood ilfuing from 
a wound. It lias 195 abdominal fcuta, 102 fub-caudal 
fquamae; total 297. 
133. Coluber Cafpius, the Cafpian viper; a fpecies 
which frequents the woody and low fwampy marflies near 
the fiiores of the Cafpian lea. When irritated it will at¬ 
tack a man with much fiercenefs, but otherwile it avoids 
him. It gives notice of its approach by a hilling noife, 
and approaches with its head erefl, and its mouth open. 
It is more than five feet in length, the upper part alter¬ 
nately Itriped with brown and yellow ; the under part, 
pale yellow. The eyes are prominent and globofe, and 
of a faint brown ; the jaws armed with two rows of fmall 
fiiarp teeth; the back and fides covered with eighteen 
rows of fcales, yellow in the middle, and black at the 
edges. It has 198 abdominal fcuta, 100 fub-caudal fqua¬ 
mae; making 298. 
134. Coluber orientals, the oriental viper; Linnaeus is 
very concife in his defeription of this fpecies, as he merely 
fays it is a native ofithe Eaft, and is called by Seba, the real 
oriental viper. It is a very elegant reptile, laterally com- 
prefied or carinated from head to tail ; of a blue grey co¬ 
lour, decorated with Alining black irregular fpots. It has 
202 abdominal fcuta, 96 fub-caudal fquamae ; total 298 ; or 
202, and 74; making 294. 
135. Coluber pethola, the viper pethola, or Aiielded 
ferpent. Of this coluber there are many varieties; that 
deferibed by Linnaeus is a native of Africa; of a lead- 
colour, with teilaceous ftripes, the body refembling that 
of the natrix ; the head is defended in the middle of the 
forehead between the eyes by a bright round Afield, con- 
