G O L U M B A. 8 iQ 
and voiding the Hones on the trunks of trees, whereon 
it grows.” 
32. Columba Guinea, the triangular-fpotted Guinea 
pigeon. This is a very beautiful bird ; the bill is blackifh; 
the eyes furrounded by a red (kin, like a pheafant; the 
irides bright yeilow; the head, neck, and under parts, 
rich afh-colour ; belly and vent white; the feathers on 
?he neck are pointed, of an afh-colour, with vinaceous 
margins; the upper part of the back purplifh brown, 
glofled with violet; wing-coverts, and lefl'er quills, the 
lame, but each feather tipped with a triangular white 
i'pot, the point upwards; the greater quills black, with 
grey edges ; lower part of the back and rump white; the 
tail dull afh-colour, tipped with black ; legs pale red ; 
ciaws brown. Inhabits Guinea, in the fouthern parts ; 
the rocky parts of Africa; and is common about the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
33. Columba Caribsea, the ring-tailed pigeon; fize of 
the ring-pigeon; length fifteen inches; the bill of a 
greenifh red; the membrane which covers the noftrils is 
• gibbous ; irides crimfon ; fpace round the eyes pale yel¬ 
low ; the head, fore part of the neck, and breaft, purplifh ; 
the hind part of the neck greenifh purple, with a filky 
glofs; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, pale blue; the 
wings are brownifh ; the belly white ; the tail crofled with 
a band of black. It is a native of the Caribbee iflands, 
and of Jamaica, where it is frequently called the mountain 
pigeon. It is often found in the iavannas or fwampy woods, 
in January. 
34. Columba Novae Seelandiae, the New'-Zealand pi¬ 
geon ; length eighteen inches; bill red; irides, and round 
the eyes, red; the upper parts of the body are of a ruby 
red, gloffed with green on the fore part of the neck ; 
quills dufky; rump blue; tail black; under parts from 
the breaft white, inclining to blue towards the vent; 
legs x - ed. Inhabits Dufky Bay in New Zealand; called 
bagarreroo. 
35. Columba Madagafcarienfis, the Madagafcar pigeon ; 
fize of our common pigeon ; the bill red ; the eyes placed 
in a bare red (kin ; the plumage is wholly of a blue black, 
and very glofly; the feathers on the neck narrower than 
the others, and have a mixture of afh-colour; the tail 
violet purple; legs red. This fpecies inhabits Madagaf¬ 
car, where it is called founingomean-rabou. There is a 
variety of it near twelve inches in length ; the bill afh- 
colour, with a reddifh cere ; the head, neck, breaft, belly, 
and fides, olive green ; near the bend of the wing is a 
fmall reddifh lpot; the quills blackifh above, and afh-co- 
loured beneath ; the outer edges brimftone colour. This 
likewife is a native of Madagafcar, and is called there 
by the name of founingo-maitfou ; it probably only differs 
in fex. 
36. Columba-Franciae, the hackled pigeon; this is much 
larger than our ring-pigeon; the bill and irides crimfon; 
the feathers of the head, neck, and breaft, are long, nar¬ 
row, and pointed, and of a Angular conftruftion, appear¬ 
ing with a polifhed furface, in the fame manner as the 
appendices of the wing feathers of the Bohemian chat¬ 
terer, or wild Indian cock; round the eye is a naked deep 
red ikin ; the back, wings, and belly, are of a deep blue; 
rump and tail of a deep crimfon ; legs black. Thefe in¬ 
habit the Ifle of France, where tradition informs us that 
the flefh is poifonous. 
37. Columba maculata, the green-fpotted pigeon; length 
twelve inches; bill black, tipped with pale yellow ; ge¬ 
neral colour of the plumage dark green, and glofly ; the 
head and neck are darker than the reft, and of one plain 
colour; the feathers of the neck long and narrow, like the 
hackles of a cock; the feathers of the wings and fcapu- 
lars are tipped with a fpot of very pale cinereous white, 
with a point running upwards, fomewhat triangular ; 
quills and tail black ; belly, thighs, and vent, dufky 
black; the legs are brown, and the fhins covered half 
way with dowuiy feathers. Native place uncertain. 
38. Columba Nicobarica, the Nicobar pigeon; fize of 
our common pigeon ; bill dufky; irides hazel; the head, 
neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts, dark 
blueifli purple; the feathers on the neck are long and 
pointed, refledling glofles of blue, red, gold, and copper; 
the back and upper part of the w’ings green, changing to 
copper and gold ; fome of the outer quills, and the co¬ 
verts above them, fine blue ; the tail, and upper coverts; 
white ; legs reddifh. This is the defcription of Edw'ards, 
who drew it from the living bird, and of which the an¬ 
nexed engraving is an exaft copy. The female differs 
only in the colours being lefs glolfy, and the pointed fea¬ 
thers of the neck being fhorter. They inhabit the Nico¬ 
bar ides, on the north of Sumatra, and are juftly elteemed 
the moft elegant of the columba genus. The elongated 
feathers round the neck change into a thoufand fhades of 
brilliant colours, by the varying rays of light which fall 
upon them, and give to many the refplendent effedt of 
burniflied gold. 
39. Columba fpeciofa, the fcallop-necked pigeon ; fize 
of the preceding 5 bill red, covered with a white cere; 
the head ferruginous; neck and breaft variegated with 
rufous, white, and purplifh blue; each feather being ru¬ 
fous, then white, with blue margins, appearing undula¬ 
ted, and giving a beautiful appearance; the back and 
wings are ferruginous ; quills darker than the reft ; tail 
dufky black, and rounded ; legs red. The female is 
marked in the fame manner as the male, but is much 
duller in colour. Native of Cayenne. 
40. Columba Corenfis. the grey pigeon ; fize of the 
tumbler pigeon : the eyes are red, furrounded with a na¬ 
ked flcih fpotted with black ; general colour of the phi 
mage grey; the feathers on the lower part of the neck 
appear changeable in different lights, as if fcalloped, 
though really not of different colours. This rare fpecies 
inhabits Coro, in the diftridl of Venetzuela, in South 
America. It is prized by the inhabitants as food, parti¬ 
cularly when eaten young. 
41. Columba phaenicoptera, the purole-fhouldered pi¬ 
geon ; fize of our common pigeon ; bill flout and dufky, 
edges pale; head and neck olive yellow; between the 
neck and back afh-colour; back and wing coverts olive, 
the lefler coverts pale purple; greater coverts and le- 
condaries ftriped longitudinally with black and white; 
breaft and belly pale afh-colour; lower part of the tail 
olive green, the end dufky; legs pale yellow: Native 
of India, brought home by lady Impey. There is a 
variety of this Indian pigeon, fomewhat larger; bill, 
blueifli at the bafe; towards the tip white; head afh- 
colour; neck pale yellowifli green; lower part of the 
neck, middle of the wing, and all the under parts, white; 
the whole of the outer edge of the wing, and the quills, 
black, with whitifli edges ; body above, and tail, greenifh 
afh-colour; legs blue. This was brought from India by 
Mr. Middleton. 
42. Columba fufca, the brown Carthagenian pigeon ; 
about the fize of the common turtle; the head is chefnut 
brown; the eyes black; the neck and breaft undulated, 
or fcalloped with black and white ; the reft of the plumage 
a lively brown. Native of the province of Carthagena, 
in South America. 
43. Columba turtur, the common turtle dove. This 
complacent bird was well known to the ancients, and is 
accurately defcribed by Ariltotle. In Greek it is named 
'r^vyav, from or to murmur : the Latin name 
turtur„ is evidently formed in imitation of the turtle’s 
notes, tur, tur ; in Italian, iortora, tortorclla\ in Spanifh, 
tortota, or tortora ; in German, turtel, turtel taube ; in 
Swedifh, turtur dufwa ; in Polifh, trakawke. The turtle, 
more perhaps than any other bird, loves coolnefs in fum- 
mer, and gentle warmth in winter. It arrives in our cli¬ 
mate very late in the fpring, and departs about the end 
of Auguft. All the turtles, without a Angle exception, 
aflemble in flocks, and perform their journies in a body ; 
they never refide with us more than four or five months, 
and, during that fhort fpace, they pair, build their neft, 
