COL 
of fona (one of the Hebrides) received its name; Iona 
being derived from a Hebrew word fignifying a dove. 
This holy man, indicated by his zeal, left his native 
copntrj/-, Ireland, in tne year 565, with the pious defign 
of preaching the gofpel to the Puffs. It appears that he 
left his native foil with warm relentment, vowing never 
to make a fetdement within light of that hated iiland. He 
made his firft trial at Oranfay ; and, finding that place too 
near to Ireland, i'ucceeded to his wifh atTIy, for that was 
the name of Iona at the time of his arrival. He repeated 
here the experiment on feveral hills, erecting on each a 
heap of Hones; and that which he laft afcended is to this 
day called Carnqn-chul reh-Eiriun, or “ Tne eminence of 
the back turned to Ireland.” Columba was foon dilfin- 
guilhed by the fanftity of his manners : a miracle that he 
■wrought lb operated on the Piililh king Bradeus, that he 
made him a prefent offthe little i!le. As loon as he was 
in poffeffion of Iona, he founded a cell of monks, borrow¬ 
ing his inifitutions from a certain oriental monadic order. 
It is laid that fhe firit religious were canons regular, of 
whom the founder was the firft abbot; and that his monks, 
till the year 716, differed from thole of the church of Rome, 
both in the observation of Eafter and in the clerical ton- 
fure. Columba led here an exemplary life, and was highly 
rel'pefiled for the fanftity of his manners. He is the firft 
on record who is laid to have had the faculty of l'econd 
fight, for he told the viiloiy of Aidan over the Pifts and 
Saxons on the very inftant it happened. He had the ho¬ 
nour of burying in his ifl nd, Convaliius and Kinnatil, 
two kings of Scotland, and of crowning a third. At 
length, worn out with age, he died in Iona in the arms 
of his dilcioies; was interred there, but (as the Irifh pre¬ 
tend) in after times tranllated to Down ; where, accord¬ 
ing to the epitaph, his remains were depolited with thofe 
ol St. Bridget and Sr. Patrick.: 
Hi ires in Duno tumulo tumulantur in uno ; 
Brigida, t'atriciiis, atque Columba pius. 
But this is totally denied by the Scots; who affirm, that 
the contrary is (hewn in a life .of the faint, extracted 
out of the pope’s library, and tranllated out of the Latin 
into Erie, by father Caillo Horan. 
COLUM'BA NOACHI, Noah’s dove, a finall conftel- 
lation in the Ibuthern hernifphcre, ednfuting of ten (tars. 
COLUMBA'NUS, a faint and a poet, born in Ireland, 
and brought up to a religious life among the difcrples of 
St Columba. He made uncommon progrefs iu learning ; 
and very early in life diftinguilhed hinil'elf Jor poetical 
abilities, by' tne compofition of a book of pialins, and a 
number of moral poems, intended alio to be fet to mulic. 
Jonas, a writer of ecclefiaiticai niftory, mentions, that Co- 
lumbanus belonged originally to a monaftery of the name 
01 Benchor. The lame lnonaftery is mentioned, by St. 
Bernard in his life of his friend Sr. Malachi; and he re¬ 
lates that it lent out a great number of monks, who fpread 
all over Europe. Columbanus palled from Britain into 
France, and founded the rnonaftery of Luxeville, near 
Befamjon. He had been kindly received .and patronized 
by king Childebert; but he was afterwards expelled out 
of France by the wicked queen Brunichild. He retired 
to Lombardy in Italy, and was well received by king. Ar- 
gulpbus. fn Lombardy lie again founded the monaffery 
or Bobio. The Regula CoenoBialis and tenitentialis , wined 
lie eftabliffied in that monaftery, have been publdhed m 
the Codex Regular um. compiled by tne learned Holitenius. 
Pie was cotemporary with St. Benedict. 
COLUMBA'RJA, in ancient geography, an ifland like 
a rock on the weft of Siciiy, oppofite to Drepanum ; laid 
by Zonaras to have been taken from 'he Carthaginians 
by Numerius Fabius the coniui; now Coiumbaia, with a 
very wrong and aimoft impregnable citadel. Clu-verius. 
CO'LUMBARY,/. \_columbariwn, Lat.] A. dovecot; a 
pigeon-houle.—The earili of columbaries, or dovehoul’es, 
is much defired in the artifice of laltpetre. B ,r ovjn. 
COLUM'BIA, a townfiiip of the American States, in. 
Vol. IV. No. 242. 
COL 833 
Washington county, diflrift of Maine, on Pleafant River. 
It was incorporated in 1796. The. town of Machias 
lies fifteen miles to the eastward. It is nine miles from 
Steuben. 
COLUM'BIA, a county of the American States,-in 
New York, is bounded north by RhenlTelaer, foulh by 
Dutchefs, ealt by the ftate„of M’aflachu lefts, and weft by 
Hudfon River, which divides it from Albany county. It 
is thirty-two miles in length and twenty-one,in -breadth, 
and is divided into eight towns; of which Hudfbii, Cia- 
vcrack, and Kindeyhook, are the thief. It contained, in 
17^10, 27, 73 2 inhabitants ; and, in 1796, 3560 debtors. 
COLUMNSiA, territory of. See Washington, or the 
federal city., 
COLUM'BIA, a poll town of the American States; the 
capital of the Kerfhaw county, and ..the' feat of govern- , 
ment of South Carolina. It is fitnated in Camden di-fi- 
trift, on the eaft fide of the Congaree, juft below the con¬ 
fluence of Saluda and Broad rivers. Tne ftreefs are regu¬ 
lar and handfome. The publi.cjmices have, in forne mea- 
liire, been divided for the accommodation of the inhabi¬ 
tants of the lower counties, and a branch of each retained 
in Charleftown : 115 miles north-north-weft of Charief- 
town, thirty-five fou'th-weft of Camden, eighty-five from 
Augulta, in Georgia, and 678 fouch-weft of Pniladelphia. 
Lat. 34. i. N. Ion. 80. 57. W. 
COLUM'BIA, aflourifhing poll town of the American 
States, in Goochland county, Virginia, on the north fide 
of James river, at the mouth of the KIvanna. It has a 
warehoufe for the infpeCtion of tobacco: forty-five miles 
above Richmond, thirty-five from Chariottefvilie, and 
328 Couth-weft of Philadelphia. 
COLUM'BIA, a town of the American States, in Lan~ 
caller county, Pennlylvania, on the north-eaff bank of 
Sufquehannah river, at Wright’s ferry : ten. miles weft of 
Lancafter, and feventy-fix weft by north of Philadelphia. 
COLUM'BIA, a county of the American States, in the 
upper diftribl of Georgia, bounded by the Savannah eaft, 
on the north-eaft and eaft, which Separates it from the 
ftate of South Carolina, north-weft of Richmond county. 
COLUM'BIA, a town of the American States, in the 
north-weft territory, on the north bank of Ohio river, 
and on the weft fide of the mouth of Littie Miami river: 
about fix miles fouth-eall of Fort Walhington, eight call: 
of Cincinnati, and eighty-feven north by weft of Lexing¬ 
ton, in Kentucky. _ 
COLUMBIE'RS, a town of France, in the department 
of the Aveiron, and chief place of a canton, in the dillrihl 
Sauveterre : ten miles weft of Rhodes. 
CO'LUMBINE,/. in botany. See. Aquilegia. 
CO'LUMBINE, adj [columbine , Fr . colombino, Ital. co- 
lumbino. Span, columbmus, or columbus, Lat. a pigeon.] Of, 
like, or pertaining to, a pigeon ; a kind of violet colour s 
or changeable dove-colour. Bailey. 
COLUM'BO, a town of the ifland of Ceylon, on the 
weft coaft, where the Portuguefe had a fetdement, from 
which they were driven by tne Dutch. It was taken by 
the Englilhin 1795, foon after the capture of Trincomale. 
See the article Ceylon, p. 62, of this volume. 
COLUM'BO-ROOT,/ A bitter root of great medical 
virtues, brought from Coiumbo, in tne ifland-of Ceylon, 
whence its n 'me, and from whence all the Eaft Indies are 
fupplied with it. It is brought into Europe in circular 
pieces of different fizes, up to three inches diameter.; its 
iides are covered with a thick wrinkled bark, of a dark 
brown hue externally; when cut tranfverfei.y, they ex¬ 
hibit a large central dilk with brown Itreaks and yellow 
points. The root confilts of three laminae, viz. the cor¬ 
tical, which, in the larger.pieces, is .a quarter of an inch 
thick ; the ligneous, which is abqut half an inch thick ; 
and the medullary, which forms the middle, and is near 
an inch m diameter. Phis laft is lofrer than the other 
parts, and’, when chewed, teems to be'very mucilaginous. 
Many lmail fibres run-longitudinally through it. fhe 
cortical and ligneous parts are divided by a circular black 
jo C line. 
