H36 COL 
tire. Vahl has made this a fepartte genus, adopting 
Browne’s name of acbimenes. It differs trom columned in 
having the corolla alir.oft regular, not nngent; from 
'fejffinum in having a two-celled capfule. Native of the 
Balt Indies. 
3. Columnea hirfuta, or hairy columnea: leaves ovate, 
acuminate, ferrate, roughly hairy on the upper furface, 
calycine leaflets toothletted, lanceolate 5 they and the co- 
1 611 as hirfute, the upper lip bifid. This beautiful vege¬ 
table is a native of the cooler mountains of Jamaica. It 
is very lucculent, and grows luxuriantly in every rich 
and lhady foil; throwing its branches frequently to the 
height of) ; our or five feet, and higher, when Supported. 
The item is pretty thick.; the leaves oppolite and alter¬ 
nately larger. The flow'ers are large, beautifully varie¬ 
gated, and hairy on the outride, like the other parts of 
tne plant. The divifions of the calyx are pinnated, fome- 
wliat like thole of the garden role. It has an uncommon 
appearance, and delerves to be cultivated. Introduced 
in 1780 by the marquis of Rockingham. It flowers in 
November. 
4. Columnea hifpida, or rough columnea : leaves ovate, 
obtu'e, toothletted, hifpid-liirfute, leaflets of the calyx 
lanceolate, entire, hairy; Item hairy, rugged. 5. Cclurn- 
nea rutilans, 01; Shining columnea: leaves ovate-lanceo¬ 
late, villofe, toothletted ; leaves of the calyx jagged ; co¬ 
rollas villole, the upper lip two-parted. Natives of Jamaica, 
6. Columnea fteliata, or ftarry columnea: leaves ftel- 
late, flowers folitary, Item creeping, herbaceous, peren¬ 
nial, round, (lender,' whitifli; branches fubereft, four 
inches long, very render. Flowers white ftriped with red. 
It is an aquatic plant, of a very pleafant appearance and 
fmell; and; being emollient and cooling, is ufed as a 
wafli by the women. Native of Coclunchina, and culti¬ 
vated there in pots and tubs filled with water, Having 
earth at the bottom. 
Prafagaiion and Culture. All thefe plants being natives 
©f hot countries, and molt of them of the Welt Indies, 
are too tender to live in England, out of a Hove. They 
are propagated by feeds lown in a good hot-bed; and 
when the plants Come up, they rnuft be treated in the 
fame Way as oth.er tender exotic plants which are kept 
in the bark-ftove. 
COLUMNI'FE.ROUS, ad), [from columns , a column, 
and fcro, to bear.] Bearing columns or pillars. A natural 
order of plants. 
COLUPTA, /. in botany. See Ii.lecebrum. 
COLUCRES,/: [coluri , Lat.xo 7 wp«t,Gr.] T wo great circles 
imagined to interleifl at right angles in the poles of the 
wond, and to pals, the one through the equinodlial 
points Aries and Libra, and the other through the folfti- 
ti.ilpoints Cancer and Capricorn; from whence they are 
called the equinoctial and foljliticd colures. By thus di¬ 
viding the ecliptic into four equal parts, they mark the 
four ieafons, or quarters of the year, it is dilputed over 
what part of the back of Aries the equinoctial colure 
prided in the time of Hipparchus. Newton, in his Chro¬ 
nology, takes it to have been over the middle of the con- 
flellation. Father Souciet infills that it palled over the 
dodecatemorion of Aries, or midway between the rump 
and firlt of the tail. There are foine obfervations in the 
Philofophical Tranfaftions, No. 466, concerning the po¬ 
ll ti, on of this colure in the ancient fphere, from a draught 
of the contleilation Aries, in the Arattea published at 
Leyden and Amfterdam in 1652, which feem to confirm 
Newton’s opinion; hut the antiquity and authority of 
the original draught may llill remain in queftion. 
COLU'RI, a little ifland in the gulf of Engia, in the 
Archipelago, formerly called Salamis. The principal 
town is ol the fame name, and leated on the lonth fide, 
at the bottom of the harbour, which is one of the fineft 
in the world; The famous Grecian hero Ajax, was laid 
to be king-of this ifland. It is now a poor place, yet pro¬ 
duces wheat, barley, tar, rofin, pit-coal, fponge, and pot- 
afh, which they carry to Athens, It is feyen miles Ruth 
COL 
from Athens, and is feparated fiT>m the continent hy a 
Strait about a mile over. Lat 38.0.N. Ion. 41.22.E. Ferro. 
COLU'RI A; yl [from y.oXo;, mutilated, and noa., a tail.] 
The tribe of bealts without tails. 
COLUTE'A,/ [derivation uncertain.] In botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the clafs diadelphia, order decandria, natural order 
of papilionacese, or leguminofe. The generic cnara&ers 
are—Calyx: perianthinm one-leafed, beh-fnapeu, five- 
cieft, ereft, nearly equal, permanent. Corolla : papilio¬ 
naceous ; llandard, wings, and keel, differ in figuie and 
various proportion ; wings prefled dole together, lanceo¬ 
late. Stamina : filaments diadelphous, alcendmg ; an- 
theras fimpie. Piftillum: germ oblong, tomprelied, at¬ 
tenuated to each end; ltyie afcending ; ftigma is a bearded 
line extended from the middle of the ltyie to its tip, front. 
the tipper part. Pericarpium : legume very large, very- 
broad, inflated, tranfparent and membranaceous, the up¬ 
per future erebl, the lower gibbous, one-ceiled, gaping 
on the upper future at the bale. Seeds : feveral, kidney- 
fltaped ; the fruit conllitutes the effence of the genus.— 
EJjential Character. Calyx, five-cieft; legume inflated, 
gaping on the upper future at the bale. 
Species. 1. Coiutea arboreicens, or common bladder- 
fenna : leaflets oval-obcordate,’Standard gibbous, abbre¬ 
viated. Molt of thecoiuteas are ftirubs, with pinnate 
leaves, and (lipules diftindl from the petiole. This has 
feveral woody items, which grow to the height of twelve 
or fourteen feet, lending out many woody branches, with 
winged leaves, compoied of four .or five pairs of oval 
lobes, placed oppofite, terminated by an odd one; thefe 
are indented at the top in form of a heart, and are of a 
greyilh colour; the flowers come out from the wings of 
the leaves upon (lender peduncles about two inches long, 
each fuftaining two or three yellow flowers, whofe ltand- 
ard is reflexed and large, with a dark-coloured mark 
on it; feeds twenty, or more. Native of the fouth of 
France, Italy, warmer parts of Swifleriand, and Carniola. 
Mr. Ray obferved it about Montpellier,'and in many 
parts of Italy, efpecially on Mount Vefuvius, even in the 
afeent to the crater, where there were fcarceiy any other 
plants: it flowers with us from June to Augult. The 
leaves are recommended as anfwering all the purpofes of 
fenna, and Allioni has given particular dire£tions for the 
preparation of them. A larger dole feems to be required 
to produce the fame effedt, The feeds, in a quantity of a 
dram or two, excite vomiting. It is laid to afford food 
grateful to cattle: cultivated in 1570. 
2. Coiutea cruenta, or oriental bladder-fenna: Shrub- 
by: leaflets wedge-form, obcordate; llandard gibbous^ 
obtufe, very final!. Tnis has a woody Hem, which lends 
out many branches'on every fide, and do not rile above 
l’even or eight feet high ; thele are not lo ltrong as thole 
of the firft lort, and the leaves are compofed of rive or fix 
pairs of fmall heart-fhapedleafle;s, terminated by an odd 
one. The flowers proceed from the fide of the branches. 
Handing upon peduncles, each fuftaining two or three 
flowers, fliaped like thole of the firit fort, but fynailer 3 
they are of a dark red colour, marked with .yellow; ap¬ 
pear in June, and the leedsripen in autumn. The orien¬ 
tal bladder-fenna, heCdes-^ that it is never arborefeent, 
differs from the foregoing lort in the fliape, fize, and 
number of the leaflets, which are quite linooth, glaucous, 
and more fldhy ; on very lhort petioles or even lubiefiile; 
with lcarcely confpicuous ilipules. Tne corolla is not 
only of a different colour and Smaller, but the wings are 
perceptibly Iborter than the keel, whereas, in the com¬ 
mon fort, they are nearly equal; the keel alio is ereil, 
and cut off at the end ; and the marks on tne llandard are 
very different. The Jegume opens btlow the tip into a 
wide oval hole. It was difqovered by Fournefort in the 
Levant; cultivated in 1731 by Mr. Miller. 
3. Coiutea Pocockii, or Pocock’s bladder-fenna : fhrub- 
by ; leaflets ovate; llandard gibbous, elongated, aicend- 
ing. This fhrub leldoin grows moie than fix or .even 
feet high in.this country; the branches are yery Header, 
arid 
