838 COL 
will fqmetimw ripen their feeds very well 5 but there are 
lorpe perions who fow the feeds upon a moderate hot¬ 
bed in the fpring, whereby they bring their plants fo for¬ 
ward as to flower in July, whereby the feeds are generally 
perfe£led from thefe plants. When the plants are trailf-r 
planted, it fhould always be done while they are young, 
for they do not bear removing when they are large. This 
fort will fometimes live in the open air for three or four 
years, when the plants (land in a well-fheltered fituation ; 
and thefe will grow to have large heads, and make a very 
fine appearance when they are in flower; they will alfo 
continue much longer in beauty than thofe plants which 
are treated more tenderly. 
The fi^cth fort is a low annual plant, which feldom 
grows more than a foot and a half in height; the flowers 
being fmall, and having little beauty, it is feldom pre- 
ferved but in botanic gardens. The feeds of this tort 
mull be fown upon a moderate hot-bed in the fpring, and 
the plants muff be put into fmall pots, and brought for¬ 
ward in another hot-bed. In July they will flower, when 
they may be expofed in the open air, in a warm fituation, 
where the feeds will ripen in September, and the plants 
will foon after decay. The eighth fort, growing natu¬ 
rally in hot countries, is too tender to thrive in the open 
air in England. It is propagated by feeds, which mull 
be fown on a hot-bed in the fpring; and, when the plants 
are two inches high, they fhould be each tranfplanted in¬ 
to a feparate (mail pot, filled with light earth, and plunged 
into a hot-bed of tanners' bark, obferving to fhade them 
till they have taken frefh root 5 after which they mull be 
treated in the fame way as other plants from the fame 
climate, always keeping them in a Hove, which fhould be 
of a moderate temperature of heat. The ninth fort may 
be railed on a moderate hot-bed in the fpring, and after¬ 
ward expofed to the open air in fummer; but in win¬ 
ter the plants mull be fheltered under a frame, otherwile 
the frpll will dellroy them. See Coronilla, Indigo- 
FERA, PsORALEA, and SOPHORA. 
COLU'THUS, a native of Lycopolis in Egypt, who 
wrote a poem on the rape of Helen, in imitation of Ho¬ 
mer. The compofition remained long unknown, till it 
was difcovered at Lycopolis in the fifteenth century, by 
the learned cardinal Beffaiion. Coluthus was, as fome 
llippofe, a contemporary of Tryphiodorus. 
COLY'BA, or Colybus,/ A term in the Greek li¬ 
turgy, fignifying an offering of corn and boiled pulfe, 
made in honour of the faints, and for the fake of the dead. 
COLYM'BADES,/. [from y.o\v l u£a.u, to fwim.] Olives 
pickled and fwimming in their own oil. 
COLYMBU S,f. [from y.o^v^Qcuj, to fwim, becaufe of 
their fwimming upon the furface of the water.] In orni¬ 
thology, the Guillemot, Grebe, and Diver. This 
genus of birds belongs to the order of anferes, and is dif- 
tinguifhed by the following characters; bill plain, aw.l- 
fhaped, flraight, fharpened ; chaps toothed ; nollrils flit at 
the bafe of the bill; feet fettered. T wenty-eight fpecies are 
now known, which are fubdivided into thofe with three 
toes, correfponding to the guillemots; thofe with four 
toes and palmated, correfponding to the divers; thofe 
with four toes and lobed, correfponding to the grebes. 
The birds of this genus cannot walk, but they run fwiftly 
on the water, and fwim and dive with the utmoll agility : 
their fkin is aditefive, and their tail fhort. The guille¬ 
mots live generally at fea; have a flender tongue, of the 
iize of their bill, which is flat, and covered at its bafe 
with fuort feathers ; their upper mandible fomewhat bent 
at the tip ; their flefli is commonly itringy, and their eggs 
nau fea ting ; they keep together in flocks, and lie on the 
bare rocks. The divers in the northern climates inhabit 
alfo the lakes ; their bill is ftrong, not fo fharp, cylindri¬ 
cal ; the margin of the mandibles bent inwards, the up¬ 
per mandible exceeding the under: the nollrils parted 
by little membranes; the tongue long, (harp, ferrated on 
both Tides at the root; the legs,fmall and flattened; they 
have black jiripes on their thighs,. and twenty tail-quills. 
4 
COL 
They are monogamous y lay their eggs on the turf; fly 
difficultly, and pafs the time of incubation in frefh water. 
The grebes have no tail; their bill is ftrong, their (traps 
bald; their tongue (lightly cleft at the tip; their body 
fquat, and thickly clothed with foft fhining feathers ; 
their wings are fhort, their legs cotnpreffed. They inha¬ 
bit chiefly the lakes of the fouth of Europe, and are fub- 
jefil to much variety of colour. 
1. Colymbus troile, the foolifh guillemot. In the Ferro 
iflands, the guillemot is called lomwier, or lomwia i in 
Norway, lom c uie, longivie, lang-vire, litmbe, and Jlorfulg ; 
in Denmark, aalge\ in Lapland, cloppau 5 in Greenland, 
tuglok. The name uria is given by Gcfner, from a (trained, 
application of the Greek epcc, or diver : the Greeks could 
never have known the guillemot, which is confined to the 
northern feas. They fly very low on the fea, and their 
flight refembles that of the partridges. Its wings are fo 
narrow and fhort, that, to reach its neft, which is placed 
on the rocks, it is obliged to leap from cliff to cliff, refl¬ 
ing a moment at each throw. This habit, or rather this 
neceflity, is common to it with the puffin, the penguin, 
and other fhort-winged birds; of which this fpecies, al- 
mofl banifhed from the temperate countries of Europe, 
have fettled on the extremity of Scotland, on the coafls 
of Norway and Iceland, and on the Ferro iflands, the lall 
inhabited tradls of our northern world, where thefe birds 
feem to druggie againft the incroachments of the ice. It 
is even impoffible for them to inhabit thofe latitudes in 
the winter; they are much accuftomed indeed to the ut- 
mofl leverity of cold, and remain on the floating ice j. 
but they cannot fubfift except in an open fea, ami mult' 
leave it when frozen over. It is in this migration, or 
rather in this difperfion during the winter, and after hav¬ 
ing quitted their abodes in the regions of the north, that 
tfiey defcend along the coafls of England, where they 
fettle on the (helves and delirt iflets, and breed on the 
projecting crags, as near as they can reach to the fummit 
of the rocks. They lay one large egg, more than three 
inches in length, of a biueifh white, or pale fea-green, and 
fo irregularly ipotted and ftreaked with black, that no 
two are alike. They are laid to continue in the Orknies 
the whole year. The chief places they are known to 
breed in are, the.uninhabited ille of Prieltholm, near the 
■ ifle of Anglefea ; on the Godreve rocks, not far from St. 
Ives in Cornwall; the Farn ides, near the coafl of North¬ 
umberland ; in the Frefhwater cliffs at the back of the 
Ifle of Wight; and the cliffs about Scarborough in York- 
fliire. They are alfo found in mod of the northern parts 
of Europe, as far as Spitfbergen, the coalt of Lapmark, 
and along the White and Icy Sea, quite to Kamtfchatka. 
It is frequently met with on the coall of Italy in the win¬ 
ter ; and is alfo,known in Newfoundland, and in a few 
parts of the continent of North America. Our late voy¬ 
agers met with it.on the coafl north of Nootka Sound. It 
is called by the Welch guillem ; in Northumberland and 
Durham, guillemot, or fea-ben\ in Yorkfhire, fcout ; by the 
Cornifh ,'kiddaw, and in the fouthern parts of England, 
'willock. Its natural flupidity in differing itfelf to be 
taken by the hand, or fhot at repeatedly, without leaving- 
the place, gained it the name of foolijb. guilletnot. In 
Kamtlchatka it is called am or kara\ and the inhabitants 
kill them in numbers for the fake of their flefh, though it 
is very tough and ill-tafled; but more for their (kins, of 
which, as of other fowls, they make garments ; the eggs 
are alfo accounted a great delicacy. Its body is black ; 
its bread: and belly fnowy ; its fecondary wing-quills tipt 
with white. Its length is feventeen inches; its alur ex¬ 
tent twenty-feven and a half; its weight twenty ounces 
2. Colymbus minor, the leffer guillemot; length fix- 
teen inches; breadth twenty-fix; weight nineteen ounces : 
bill black; the top of the head, taking in the eyes, hind 
part of the neck, the back, wings, and tail, are biack, 
behind the eye continued in a ltreak on each fide; the 
greater wing-coverts tipped with white, forming a nar¬ 
row band on the wings; the fides of the head beneath the 
ey e> 
•V- 
