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3 
warm dove. It is propagated by feeds, which mud be 
fown on a hot-bed ; and when the plants are fit*to remove, 
they fiiould be each planted in a fmall pot, and plunged 
into the bark-bed, and afterwards treated like other ten¬ 
der plants from the fame country ; the fecond year they 
will produce flowers and feeds, foon after which they 
commonly decay. 
2. This fort is propagated by feeds, which, if fown in 
pots and plunged into a moderate hot-bed, will come up 
much fooner than thofe which are fown in the full ground, 
whereby they will be much fironger before the winter. 
When the plants are fit to remove, they (hould be each 
planted in a feparate fmall pot', filled with light earth; 
and if they are plunged into a moderate hot-bed, it will 
forward their taking root; then they muff be gradually 
inured io bear the open air, into which they may be re. 
moved toward the latter end of May, and placed among 
other hardy exotic plants. When the plants have filled 
thefe pots with their roots, fome of them may be fltaken 
out, and planted in a warm border : the others may be 
put into larger pots, and in the autumn placed under a 
common frame, where they may be expofed to the free air 
in mild weather, but fheltered from fevere frolt: the fol¬ 
lowing fpring thefe may be turned out of the pots, and 
planted in a warm fituation, where they will endure the 
cold of our ordinary winters very well; and if in fevere 
frod they are covered with draw, peafe-haulm, or any 
fuch light covering, it will fecure them from injury. 
3. Tiiis is propagated by feeds, which if fown in the 
autumn, will more certainly fucceed titan when fown in 
the fpring, for the latter commonly remain in the ground 
a year before they vegetate; and if the feeds are fown 
where the plants are to remain, they will flower dronger 
than thofe which are tranfplanted ; for as they have long 
downright roots, fo thefe are commonly broken in taking 
out of the ground, which greatly weakens the plants. 
The culture they require is to thin them where they are 
too near, keep them clean from weeds, and dig the ground 
about them every fpring before they (hoot. 
6. This fort will grow in a garden, if the roots are 
planted in a gravelly foil, and produce flowers annually ; 
but the roots will not grow near fo large or flefhy as thofe 
■which grow on the fea-lhore, where they are overflowed 
with fait water. The belt time to tranfplant the roots is 
in autumn, when the leaves decay ; the young roots are 
much better to move than the old, becaufe being furnifti- 
ed w ith fibres, they will readily take root: when thefe 
are fixed in the ground, they (hould remain unremoved ; 
and if they are kept clean from weeds, it is all the culture 
they will require. The feventh fort is a very trouble- 
fome weed, for the roots run deep into the ground, and 
are not eafily dedroyed by the plough ; they fpread and 
multiply greatly in the ground, to the prejudice of what¬ 
ever is (own or planted on the land, therefore this plant 
is not admitted into gardens. The eighth, tenth, and 
eleventh, forts are propagated by| feeds in the fame man¬ 
ner as the third, and require the fame treatment. See 
Atractylis, and Gundelia. 
ERYN'NIS, [Lat.J A fury.—And teach £ry«?2zs fwim, 
which crawl’d before. Fuimus Troes. 
ERY'SIMl VARI'ETAS. See Sinapis. 
ERY'SIMO SI'MI LIS. See Turritis. 
ERY'SIMUM, f. [of Pliny, Theophrafius, and Di- 
ofcorides. From tfvu, Jalvifco, Linn, or tra/10, from its 
drawing quality; others derive it aw 0 top tfttitat, becaufe 
the leaves are much cut ; others from precious.] 
Hedge Mustard, a genus of the clafs tetradynamia, 
order filiquofa, natural order of filiquofe, (cruciferae, 
fuff. cruciatse, Hall.) The generic characters are—Ca¬ 
lyx: perianthium four-leaved ; leaflets ovate-oblong, pa¬ 
rallel-converging, coloured, deciduous. Corolla : four- 
petalled, cruciform; petals oblong, flat, extremely ob- 
tufe at the tip ; claws length of the calyx, upright; 
gland nectariferous double, within the (horter filament. 
Stamina filaments fix, length of the calyx ; of thefe the 
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two oppoflte (horter; anthers Ample. Piflillum : germ 
linear, four-cornered, length of the fiamens; ftyle very 
fliort; fligma headed, permanent, fmall. Perianthium: 
filique long, linear, drift, exaftly four-cornered, tvvo- 
valved, two-celled. Seeds very many, fmall, roundifii. 
— EJJ'enlial Chara&er. Silique columnar with four equal 
fides ; calyx, clofed. 
Species. 1. Eryfimum officinale, or common hedge- 
muftard : filiques prefledclofe to the fpike ; leaves runci- 
nate. Root annual ; (tern from one to two feet high, up. 
right, round, finely grooved, befet with numerous .fliort 
rough hairs, branched, and for the mofl part purplifh, par¬ 
ticularly at the angles of the branches, which fpread very 
much ; leaves alternate, petiuled, (lightly downy on both 
(ides, fcabrous underneath, particularly on the midrib 
and nerves, pinnatifid, the fegments oppofite, oblong, 
ferrate-toothed, the end one larged and connected with 
the next to it ; racemes of flowers terminating, roundifii ; 
of fruits filiform, elongated, naked, pubefcent ; feeds 
dingy yellow, obliquely truncate at both ends, immerfed 
in the partition, and eight in each cell. Viewed as it 
comes into blollbm, and when its flowering branches flioot 
out horizontally to a great length, it fcarcely fieems to be 
the fame plant. It is common on dry banks, under walls, 
pales, and in wade places, from May or June to Septem¬ 
ber. Befides its name of hedge-mtidard, it hasalfo thofe 
of bank-crefles and fcrambling rocket. Turner calls it 
winter-crefles. In German it is named der hederich, wege- 
Jenf\ wilder fenf falfcher wajferfenf das ge/be eifenkraut, das 
lueibchen dcs eifenkrauts, kreuzkraut ; in Danifh, vild fenep t 
veyfenep ; in Swedifli, vdggkraffa ; in French, le velar, la 
tortelle, l’herbe au chantre ; in Italian, erifamo-, in Spanifh, 
jaramago, hierbade San Alberto, irion ; in Portuguefe, erifimo ; 
in Ruffian, gorezyea polna and pfzonak ziele. It is warm 
and acrid to the tade, and when cultivated, is ufed as a 
fpring potherb. Birds are fond of the feeds; fheep and 
goats eat it; cows, horfes, and fwine, refufe it. Rondele- 
tius cured a hoarfenefs occafioned by loud fpeaking, with 
this herb, in a few days. The juice of it is beyond any 
thing in difeafes of the throat. This and fome others of 
the clafs, are apt to come up among theadies, where char¬ 
coal has been made, or where there has been any confi- 
derable fire. 
2. Eryfimum barbarea, or winter hedge-mudard or 
crefs: leaves lyrate, the outmod lobe roundifii. Root 
perennial. Stem a foot or eighteen inches high, fmooth, 
round, deeply furrowed, much branched. Leavesfmooth, 
dark green, having two or three pairs of roundifii lobes, 
connected to a broad foliaceous rib ; the extreme lobe 
much the larged, and either of an oval or blunt rliom- 
boidal figure, llightly indented on the edges: but they 
vary much in form. Flowers in racemes or thick fpikes 
at the ends of the dem and branches ; calyx green ; petals 
yellow, much longer than the calyx. Seeds roughiffi, 
finely dotted and reticulated, twenty in number, in each 
cell ten. Found on banks of ditches and dreams, in wa¬ 
tery places ; fometimes in cultivated fields and even on 
walls. It flowers from May to July. It is called winter 
rocket as well as winter crejs ; and herb St. Barbara ; in Ger¬ 
man it is named die winter hr ejfe, barbeukraut , barbelkraut , 
rapunzel, fenjkraut, fchnodefens, habichtjkraut, gclber beyfufs , 
falfche human , in Danifh, vinte'rhars ; in Swedifli, vinter- 
hrajje ; in French, la barbarce, l' herbe faint barbe, l'herbe atix 
charpentiers, la julienne jaune, requette ; in Italian, barbarea, 
erba di fanta Barbara, ruchetta ; in Spanifli, hierba de fanta 
Barbara , ruqueta ; in Portuguefe herva de S. Barbara. The 
common people in Sweden ufe the leaves in falads early 
in the fpring, and late in the autumn : they alfo boil them 
as cale. Some alfo in England cultivate it for fpring fa- - 
lad, under the name of French or American crefs ; but it 
has to mod people a bitter unpleafant tade. There are 
feveral varieties of winter crefs. 
3. Eryfimum alliaria, or dinking or garlic hedge-muf. 
tard: leaves cordate. Root biennial. Stem upright, 
from two to three feet high, round, fmooth, fomewhat 
ftriated. 
