4 
E R Y * 
ftriated, at bottom purple and (lightly hairy, at top 
branched. Common by hedge Tides, on banks and in 
fhady places; flowering in April and May. From its 
place of growth it has the vulgar name of Jack by the hedge. 
And having a ftrongfmell and tafte of garlic, it is ufed by 
country people in fauces, with bread and butter, falted 
meat, and witli lettuce in falads: hence it has another 
vulgar name of fauce-alone ; in German it is called dasknob- 
lauchkraut, der knoblauchhederich, lauchcl , zualdhnoblauck, ram- 
Jen, rampen, ramfchelwurzel,, gcrnj,el, J'al/ekraut, faji\raut ; in 
Danilh, livid logfurt, gajlekaal: in Swedith, hvitdfort\ in 
French, Calliaire, I'herbe des eaux, Vherbe aux aillcts ; in Ita¬ 
lian, Spanifh, and Portuguefe, alliaria. 
According to Linnaeus’s obfervation, horfes, (beep, and 
Twine, refufe it; but kine and goats eat it. If eaten by 
cows, it gives a ftrong difagreeable tafte to the milk. 
When it grows in poultry-yards, the fowls eat it, and it 
gives an intolerable rank tafte to their flefh. The feeds 
excite fneezing, the leaves are recommended internally, 
as fudorifics and deobftriients, of the nature of garlic, but 
much milder; externally, as antifeptics, in gangrenes and 
cancerous ulcers. 
4. Eryfinuim repandum, or fmall-flowered hedge-muf- 
tard : leaves lanceolate toothed, racemes oppolite to the 
leaves, filiques racemed fubfeflile, corollas minute. An¬ 
nual. Native of Spain, Bohemia, Silefia, Auftria, Italy ; 
It flowers in May and June. 
5. Eryfimum cheiranthoides, or treacle hedge-muftard, 
or wormfeed : leaves lanceolate quite entire, fometimes 
toothed, filiques patulous. This has very much the air 
or habit of cheiranthus eryfimoides, except that the flow¬ 
ers are fmaller and the filiques patulous. The ftigma in 
this is fmall and hardly divided, in the next fpecies it is 
formed as it were of two divaricated knobs. Root annual. 
Stem from one to two cubits in height, upright, ftift, 
ftreaked, rough, ufually Ample, fometimes branched a 
little; (others fay, very much branched.) Seeds about 
eighteen in each cell, ovate, a little turgid, beaked, of a 
yellowifli brown colour. They are as intenfely bitter, as 
wormfeed orcoloquintida. Inhabits moft partsof Europe ; 
in England not common; in the olier-holts near Ely, and 
on the bank of the river between the bridge and the city ; 
in the corn fields about Elden, and among turnips near 
Bungay in Suffolk; Afliburn in Derbyfhire. It flowers 
from May to Auguft. All cattle eat it. The country 
people give the feeds to deftroy worms, with good efteCt: 
lienee its name of treade-ioormfced. 
6. Eryfimum hieracifolium, or hawkweed hedge-muf¬ 
tard : leaves lanceolate, ferrate. It differs from the fore¬ 
going fpecies, not only in having ferrate leaves, but long¬ 
er fifiques not (landing fo wide from the ftem, and larger 
flowers. It differs from cheiranthus eryfimoides, in hav¬ 
ing flowers of only half the (ize, the top of the ftyle or 
the ftia'ma emarginate indeed, but not two-lobed, and the 
filiques by no means tomentofe, although the piftils or 
germs be hairy. According to Villars it is much fmaller 
than the preceding fpecies, the ftem not being more than 
eight inches high, fimple or unbranched. He adds that 
it"is difficult to diftinguifh this plant from cheiranthus 
eryfimoides, except by its cut leaves and the fmallnefs of 
the flowers; and that he therefore confiders them as va¬ 
rieties of the fame fpecies, though Linnaeus has inferted 
them in different genera. See Cheiranthus erysi- 
moides. According to Retzius, the root is biennial. 
Stems upright, ftiff, fometimes branched, many-angled, 
fmooth. Leaves alternate, fmooth, very remotely tooth¬ 
ed, by no means ferrate. Flowers in racemes, yellow, 
fuelling faintly ; calyx greenifh yellow, brown at the end. 
The plant under the fame name in Pollich is a different 
fpecies. Native of Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, 
Auftria, Italy. 
7. Eryfimum perfoliatum : leaves cordate, ftem-clafp- 
ing, fmooth. Linmeus has not this plant, and Teems to 
have confounded it with BraJ/ica campejlris, from which it 
differs, in having a more dift’ufed habit, a white flower, a 
E R Y 
longer filique entirely quadrangular; whereas that has 
the filique cylindric, loofe, dry, wrinkled and veined, 
ending in a foft fiftularhorn annual. Native of Germany 
and the Levant. See Brassica Orientalis. 
Z. Eryfimum bicorne, or horned hedge-nniftard : leaves 
lanceolate, hairy, filiques two-horned at the tip. Native 
of the Canary iflands ; it flowers in Auguft and September. 
Propagation and Culture. In general thefe plants are only 
admitted into botanic gardens. The three fir ft are com¬ 
mon weeds, and will fcatter their feeds wherever they are 
admitted, fo as foon to become troublefome. Moft of 
them perilh after they have ripened their feeds, but the 
fifth fort will abide feveral years in a dry lean foil, or on 
a wall: in rich land it foon decays. They may be all 
propagated by fowing their feeds in the autumn, where 
they are to remain ; and they require no culture but to 
thin them, and keep them clean from weeds. The laft 
fpecies requires the protection of a green-houfe; all the 
others are hardy enough, and the fecond, as has already 
been mentioned, is cultivated by fome in the kitchen-gar¬ 
den, as a warm fpring falad herb, under the name of 
French or American crefs. If permitted to fcatter its 
feeds, it will come up of itfelf in fufficient quantity. See 
Brassica, Cheiranthus, Sinapis, Sisymbrium, and 
Polygonum. 
ERYSIPELAS,y. [from egvu, to draw, and wsTiaj, Gr. 
adjoining.] St. Anthony’s fire; named from the neigh¬ 
bouring parts being affected by this eruption. 
ERYTHE'A, an iflandbetween Gades and Spain, where 
Geryon reigned. Pliny. 
E'RYTHRAi, in ancient geography, a city of Afia fa¬ 
mous for the birth of one of the Sibyls. 
ERYTHRAEAN, adj. [from ErythraJ Belonging to 
Erithrse, born at Erithrae. 
ERYTHRAEAN, adj. [from Egvfigo?, Gr. red.] Belong¬ 
ing to the Red Sea. 
ERYTHRAEUM MARE, in ancient geography, a 
part of the ocean on the coaft of Arabia, now called the 
Arabian Sea. As it has a communication with the Perfian 
gulf, and that of Arabia or the Red Sea, it has often been 
miftaken by ancient writers, who by the word Erytkrean , 
underftood indiferiminately either the Red Sea or the Pei- 
fian gulf. It received this name either from Erythras, 
or from the rednejs (ept/Spe?, Gr. ruber ) of its fand or waters. 
ER'YTHRAS, a fon of Perfeusand Andromeda, drown¬ 
ed in the Red Sea, which from him was called Erythraeum. 
ERYTHREM'MATA,y plu. [from spvSpo;, Gr. red.] 
Red fpots on the (kin which ufually appear in peftilential 
fevers. 
ERYTHRI'NA,y. [from spvfipo;, Gr. red ; the corolla 
being commonly fcarlet.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
diadelphia, order decandria, natural order of papilonaceas, 
or leguminofae. The generic characters are—Calyx: pe- 
rianthium one-leafed, entire, tubular: mouth emarginate 
above, beneath furniftied with a melliferous pore. Co¬ 
rolla : papilionaceous, five-petalled ; ftandard lanceolate, 
with Tides bent back, alcending, very long; wings fome- 
what ovate, fcarce longer than the calyx, hardly project¬ 
ing beyond the tube of the ftandard, very fmall; keel 
ftraight, length of the wings, two-petalled, emarginate. 
Stamina : filaments ten, conjoined at the lower part, but 
little bent in, the length of half the ftandard, unequal ; 
antheras ten, fagittate. Piftillum : germ pedicelled, Tu¬ 
bulate, attenuated into a fubulate ftyle, the length of the 
(lamens ; ftigma terminal, fimple. Pericarpium : legume 
extremely Ibng, protuberating at the feeds, terminated by- 
a point, one-celled ; feeds kidney-form.— Ejfential Charac¬ 
ter. Calyx : two-lobed ; corolla ftandard very long, lan¬ 
ceolate. 
Species. 1. Erythrina herbacea, or herbaceous coral- 
tree: leaves ternate ; ftems entirely fimple, (hrubby-an- 
nual. This has a large woody-root, from which freftt 
(hoots come out every fpring, growing to the height of 
about two feet. They feldom throw out branches, and 
arefometimes perennial. The petioles are ufually prickly 
z under- 
