fe E R Y 
fpecies, with two varieties: 0 . E. longifolmm; and 
y„ E. fol. ovato-oblongis glabris nigro-maculatis. 
Mr. Miller makes two diftinft fpecies. The firft with 
two ovate leaves joined at their bafe, three inches long 
and one, inch and an half broad in the middle, gradually 
leffening towards the ends ; thefe at firft embrace each 
other, inclofing the flower, but afterwards they fpread 
flat upon the ground ; they are fpotted with purple and 
white all over their furface. Between them rifes a Angle, 
fmooth, purple, naked ftalk, about four inches high, fuf- 
taining one flower, which hangs down ; the petals are 
reflex and fpread open to their bafe ; their colour is com¬ 
monly purple, but fometimes white. The roots are 
white, oblong, and fleftiy, fhaped like a tooth ; whence 
this plant has the name of dog’s-tooth in Englifti. The 
fame idea has governed the name in all the European 
languages. 
( 3 . Differs in the ftiape of its leaves, which are longer 
and narrower ; and the flowers are a little larger, but not 
fo well coloured, y. The leaves are of a darker green, 
and the flower is of a pale yellow colour. 
Thefe grow naturally in the fouth of France, Italy, 
Savoy, Switzerland, Auftria, Friuli, Siberia ; the laft in 
Virginia. Ray obferved the firft with a purple flower 
near Turin in the way to Afti, in April; and with a white 
flower, between Novi and Genoa. Clufius found this 
variety near Gratz in Stiria ; and John Bauhinat la Batie 
near Geneva, flowering in March. 
Propagation and Culture. This is irrcreafed by offsets 
from the roots, which they do not fend out very plenti¬ 
fully. It is not therefore fo common in gardens as mo ft 
other flowers of the fpring feafon. It loves a fliady fitua- 
tion, and a light loamy foil. It may be tranfplanted any 
time after the beginning of June, when the leaves will be 
quite decayed, till the middle of September ; but the roots 
fhould not be too often removed, nor fliould they be kept 
very long out of the ground, for if they fhrink they will 
frequently rot. They fliould not be planted fcattering in 
the borders of the flower-garden, but in patches ; and 
thus difpofed they will make a good appearance. 
ERYTHROX'YLON, /. [from spvOfoy fwW, Gr. red¬ 
wood.] In botany, a genus of the clafs decandria, order 
trigynia, natural order of malpighiae, \JuJf.) The generic 
charattersare—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, five cleft, 
turbinate j divifions ovate, (harp ; very fmall, withering. 
Corolla : petals five, ovate, concave, expanding ; nectary 
of five fcales, emarginate, upright, coloured, inferted into 
the bafe of the petals. Stamina : filaments ten, length 
of the corolla, at the bafe connected by a truncated mem¬ 
brane ; antherae heart-fhaped. Piftillum : germ ovate; 
•ftyles three, filiform, diftant, length of the ftamens ; ftig- 
mas obtufe, thickifh. Pericarpium : drupe ovate, one- 
celled. Seed : nut oblong, obtufely quadrangular.— 
EJfential CharaBer. Calyx, turbinate; corolla, having a 
fmall emarginate nectareous fcale at the bafe of the pe¬ 
tals ; ftamina, connefted at the bafe ; drupe, one-celled. 
Species, i. Erythroxylon areolatum, or dry redwood : 
leaves obovate mucronate ; branchlets (hort, floriferous, 
.fcaly. Stem iltrubby, even, with long fpreading and 
fomewhat rugged branches; leaves petioled, alternate, 
obovate, narrower at the bafe, entire, veined, fubglaucous 
underneath, deciduous ; flowers in alternate bundles, on 
fliort peduncles, fmall and white ; fruit an oblong drupe : 
refembling that of the barberry, acuminate, fcarlet, in¬ 
cluding an oblong attenuated hard nucleus or nut. Ac¬ 
cording to Jacquin, it is a tree twelve feet in height, with 
numerous branches, frequently coming out from the very 
bottom of the trunk, with the bark of a dark brown co¬ 
lour, and the wood folid and pale brown, but never red- 
difh, as Browne reprefents it to be. Flowers very fweet, 
having the odour of the jonquil, but milder. The fruit 
does not feem to be eaten by any animal. Browne fays 
it is a fmall but beautiful tree : the leaves of an oval 
form, and marked with two flender longitudinal lines 
upon the back, which were the utmoft limits of that part 
E R zr 
of the leaf which was expofed, while it lay fn a folded 
ftate. The flowers grow in little clufters, and are very 
thick upon the branches. The inward bark is of a flefh 
colour, and the wood of areddifh brown. It is reckoned 
an excellent timber-wood, for the fize of the tree, which 
feldom exceeds fixteen or eighteen feet in-height, and five 
or fix inches in diameter. Natives of the Weft Indies in 
dry coppices. 
Dr. Browne has another fpecies, which he calls, “fmall 
round-leafed erythroxylon or redwood, with very flender 
branches.” This tree, he fays, differs much front the 
foregoing both in fhape and manner of growth. It grow9 
in the low lands of Jamaica, like the other, and rifes 
commonly to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. Its 
leaves are roundilh and fmall; and the branches very 
flender. 
2. Erythroxylon Havanenfe, or Havanna redwood: 
leaves elliptic, flowers axillary. This is a ftirub, three 
feet in height, having altogether the habit of the preced¬ 
ing, but the leaves ovate, obtufe, quite entire, without 
any lines underneath. Fruit orange-coloured. Native 
of the Havanna on rocks near the coaft. 
3. Erythroxylon hypericifolium, or brown redwood r 
leaves obovate, emarginate ; branches floriferous ; pedun¬ 
cles axillary, folitary. The branches are covered with a 
brownifh wrinkled dotted bark, compreffed at top, and 
toothletted from the fallen leaves. 
4. Erythroxylon fquamatum, or fcaly redwood : leaves 
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, obtufe ; branchlets fcaly, 
floriferous. Branches fmooth, covered with an afh-co- 
loured bark, round below, but compreffed at top, among 
the leaves at top having ovate, half-embracing, fhort, 
acute, keeled fcales, with a longitudinal groove on the 
back, at the bafe of which is inferted an awn the length 
of the fcale. Native of the Weft Indies: obferved in 
Cayenne, by Rohr. 
5. Erythroxylon macrophyllum, or fmall-leaved red¬ 
wood : leaves elliptic, acute ; flowers axillary and lateral, 
aggregate. Branches round at bottom, compreffed at 
top, fmootli, covered with a grey bark, at bottom, 
among the leaves having approximating fcales, of an 
ovate-lanceolate form, half-embracing, keeled, ftriated, 
purplifh, acute ; near the bafe on the outfide is a brown- 
awl-fhaped awn, the length of the fcale, concealed within 
the dorfal groove of the fcales. There are two other 
bracte-ftiaped fcales, one on each fide, a little above the 
petiole: they are lanceolate, attenuated, and the fame 
length with the flower. Leaves petioled, alternate, a 
fpan in length, fharp at both ends, fmooth, glaucous, and 
veined with purple underneath, quite entire. Obferved 
in Cayenne by Rohr. 
E'RYX, a fon of Butes and Venus, who, relying upojt 
his ftrength, challenged all ftrangers to fight with him in 
the combat of the ceftus. Hercules accepted his chal¬ 
lenge after many had yielded to his fuperior dexterity,, 
and Eryx was killed in the combat, and buried on the 
mountain, where he had built a temple to Venus. Virgil _ 
—A mountain of Sicily, now Giuliano, near Drepanum, 
which received its name from Eryx, who was buried there. 
This mountain was fo fteep, that the houfes which were 
built upon it feemed every moment ready to fall. Dteda- 
lus had enlarged the top, and enclofed it with a ftrong 
wall. He alio confecrated there to Venus Erycina a 
golden heifer, which fo much refembled life, that it feem¬ 
ed to exceed the power of art. Ovid. 
ER'ZEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower 
Saxony, and principality of Calenberg, on the Hu 111 me : 
feven miles fouth weft of Hameln. 
ER'ZERUM, or Arzerum, a city of Afiatic Turkey, 
and capital of a pachalic to which it gives name, and is a 
part of Armenia, fituated near the head of the Euphrates, 
at the foot of }t chain of mountains, which are ufually co¬ 
vered with fnow till the latter end of fpring. The town 
is furrounded with a double wall, and defended with fome 
Square towers j the houfesare mean, and none of them 
large. 
