ESP 
ESP 
the above-mentioned performances contain many juft ob- 
fervations, and curious particulars ; but at the fame time 
prefent us with fome fanciful hypothefes, which no more 
accord with the difcoveries of fcience in its prefent ftate 
of improvement, than many of the abfurdities which the 
author properly and ably explodes. Mr. d’Efpagnat 
alfo publiflied, in 1616, an old MS. entitled Le Rozier des 
Guerres, found at Nerac, in the king’s clofet, and erro- 
neoufly fuppofed by fome to have been the production of 
Louis XI. He added to it a treatife of his own upon the 
jnftitution of a young prince. 
ESPA'LIER, J\ Trees planted and cut fo as to join. 
See Horticulture. —Plant your faireft tulips in places 
of (belter, and under efpaliers. Evelyn. 
Behold Villario’s ten years toil complete. 
His arbours darken, his efpaliers meet. Pope. 
ESPALIO'N, a town of France, and feat of a tribunal, 
in the department of the Aveiron : four leagues and a 
half north-north-eaft of Rhodez, Lat. 44. 32. N. Ion. 20. 
36. E. Ferro. 
ESPAMISCA'CK, a lake of Lower Canada : feventy- 
four leagues north-eaft of Quebec. Lat. 50. N. Ion. 68. 
W. Greenwich. 
ESPA'QUE, a town of Perfia, in the province of Se- 
geftan : fifty-four miles fouth-weft of Kin. 
ESPARRAGO'SA, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Eftremadura : thirty-five miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Merida. 
ESPARRAGUE'R A, a town of Spain, in the province 
of Catalonia: fifteen miles north-north-weft of Barcelona. 
ESPAR'ZA, a town of Spain, in Navarre: twenty-two 
miles eaft of Pamplona. 
ESPAR'ZA, a town of North America, in Mexico, 
■and province of Cofta Rica. 
ESPE'CIAL, adv. [_fpecialis, Lat.] Principal; chief: 
They had th ! efpecial engines been, to rear 
His fortunes up. Daniel. 
• ESPE'CIALLY, adj. Principally; chiefly; particu¬ 
larly; in an uncommon degree above any other.—-Provi¬ 
dence hath planted in all men a natural defire and curio- 
fjty of knowing things to come ; and fuch things efpecially 
as concern our particular happinefs, or the general fate 
of mankind. Burnet. 
ESPE'jA, a town of Spain, in the province of Cor¬ 
dova: feventeen miles north-north-eaft of Montilla. 
ESPELET'TE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftridt of Uftaritz: three leagues fouth of Bayonne. 
ES'PEN (Zeger Bernard Van), a celebrated Flemifli 
canonift, born at Louvain, in 1646. After going through 
the courfe of philofophv in that univerfity, he applied 
to theology. He was admitted to prieft’s orders in 1673, 
and received the degree of doctor of laws two years after¬ 
wards. From that time until 1702, he lived in the col¬ 
lege of pope Adrian VI. employed in a clofe application 
to the works which have attached to his name no little 
celebrity. He died at Utrecht, towards the latter end of 
1728, in the eighty-third year of his age. The moll con- 
liderable of hie works, (till in great eftimation, and much 
confulted, is his Jus ecclefiajlicum univerfun.. All his works 
have undergone various irnpreflions, of which the tnoft 
complete was publiflied at Paris, with the imprint of 
Louvain, in 1753, in four volumes folio, with the title 
of Zegeri-Bernardi Van Efpen Opera ovinia. 
ESPEN'CE (Claude de), a learned French catholic 
divine in the lixteenth century, born at C'halons-fur- 
Marne, in 1511. He was educated at Paris, where he 
ftudied the dailies in the college of Calvi, philofophy 
in that of Beauvais, and theology in the college of Na¬ 
varre. So highly was he refpedted for his learning and 
'merits’, that he was chofen redtor of the univerfity of 
Paris before he had taken his doctor’s degree, which he 
received from the faculty of the Sorbonne when he was 
thirty-one years of age. In 1544 he accompanied tlic 
19 
cardinal of Lorrain on his embafly to Flanders, when be 
went to negociate a treaty of peace between Francis I. 
and the emperor Charles V. Afterwards lie was fent by 
the king to Melun, to aftift at the ecclefiaftical conference 
which his majefty had commanded to be held in that 
place by twelve divines, in order to give their advice 
concerning the queftions proper to be propofed for dif- 
cuflion at the council of Trent; and he fnftained a lead¬ 
ing part in their determinations. The greater part of 
his days he devoted to ftudious retirement, and died at 
Paris, in 1571. The works which he left behind him are 
chiefly written in Latin, in a dignified and elegant ftyle, 
of which there are few examples among the writers of 
that period. They confift of, 1. Commentaries on the 
Epiftles of St. Paul to Timothy and Titus. 2. A Treatife 
on Clandeftine Marriages. 3. Five Books on the Adora¬ 
tion of the Eucharift. 4. Six Books on Continence. 5. 
A Treatife on the Mafs ; and feveral controverfial pieces. 
His works were collected together, and publiflied at Paris s 
in i6ig, in folio. 
ES'PER (John Frederic), an ingenious naturalift, born 
at Drolfenfeld in Bayreuth, in 1732. He ftudied at Er¬ 
langen, where he applied chiefly to theology; and when 
his education was finifhed, he refided five years at Bay¬ 
reuth, employed in inftruefting young perfons, and making 
himfelf acquainted with natural hiftory and botany, of 
which he was remarkably fond. Efper acquired conli- 
derable reputation as a naturalift, on account of his re- 
fearches refpedting the zoolites in the principality of 
Bayreuth. In the diftridt of Streetberg, are a number of 
large fubterranean caverns, partly infulated, and partly 
connected with eacli other, which contain immenfe num¬ 
bers of bones of various animals, many of them undefined, 
thrown together in heaps to a conliderable height, and 
covered with earth arifing from decompofed animal bo¬ 
dies. With the afliftance of tiie late Dr. Heuman, Efper 
undertook an examination and defeription of thefe re¬ 
markable curiofities; and the refult of his labours was 
publiflied under the following title : An accurate De¬ 
feription of the lately-difcovered Zoolites of unknown 
Animals, and of feveral Caverns, &c. Nuremberg, 17745 
folio, with fourteen illuminated plates. Efper wrote 
alio, A Method of determining the Orbits of Comets and 
other celeftial Bodies, without aftronomical Inftruments, 
or mathematical Calculations; Erlangen, 1770, Svo. with 
plates. 
ESPER A'NCE, f. [Fr,] Hope. Not vftd : 
To be worft, 
The lowed, moft dejected things of fortune, 
Stands Hill in efperance, lives not in fear. Shakefpeare. 
ESPERA'ZA, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aude, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
Qmllan: two leagues and a half fouth of Limoux. 
ES'PESEL, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aude, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
QuUlan : two leagues and a half fouth-weft of Qynllan.' 
ESPI'AL, f [from efpier, Fr. ] A fpy ; a fcout; one 
fent to bring intelligence. Not ufed. —Thofe foufgarri- 
fons, i(Tiling forth at fuch convenient times as they (hull 
have intelligence, or efpial upon the enemy, will drive 
him from one fide to another. Spenfer on Ireland, 
As he march’d along, 
By your e/pia/s were difeovered 
Two mightier troops. Shakefpeare. 
ESPIER'RE, a town of Savoy, in the county of Man. 
rienne, on the river Arc : three miles and a half fouth of 
Argentina. 
ESPIE'RS, a town of Flanders, eight miles north of 
Tournay. On the 2d of May, 1794, the French repub¬ 
lican army attacked the Englifh and Andrians in this 
town ; and, after an obftinate engagement, were repulfed, 
having 1200 men killed and wounded; leaving behind 
them 300 prifoners, and feven pieces of cannon. 
ESPINA'R, 
