132 
E T H 
Eteflan-winds blow in Egypt when the fun enters Cancer, 
and blow almoft all June, July, and Auguft ; and that at 
the rifing of thefe winds, the. Nile tifes, and the peftilence 
ceafes. The fouth wind brings the peftilence there; 
and thefe they call Campfin, or Kamfin, from Campfis, 
a general, who, with liis whole army, was fuffocated in 
the fands which were driven upon them by thefe winds. 
E'I'FU'. See Egypt, vol.vi. p. 353. 
ETHA'LION, in fabulous hiftory, one of the Tyrrhene 
Tailors changed into dolphins for carrying away Bacchus. 
Ovid. 
E'THAM, f [Heb. ftrength.] Tlte fecond encamp¬ 
ment of the Ifraelites in their departure from Egypt, 
fjtuated upon the border of a wildernefs of the fame name, 
upon the Egyptian fide of the Red Sea. Exod. xiii. 20. 
Numb. xxxiii. 6. The name of a man. 
E'THANIM, [Heb. valiant.] The feventh month 
of the ecclefiaftical year of the Jews, anfwering to the 
moon of our September. 
ETH'BAAL, [Heb. with Baal.] A man’s name ; a 
king of the Sidonians. 
E'THER, f. [from mx, ether , Syr. a large fpace ; 
or ai&'jjp, from aifiw, Gr. to burn.] A gazeous volatile 
fluid ; for the compolition of which, its properties, and 
medical ufes, fee the article Chemistry, vol. iv. p. 349 
—35 r.—The matter in the higheft regions above: 
There fields of light, and liquid ether flow, 
Purg’d from the pond’rous dregs of earth below. Dryden . 
ETHE'REAL, adj. Formed of ether.'—Man feels me, 
when I prefs th’ ethereal plains. Dryden. —Ccleftial ; hea¬ 
venly : 
Thrones and imperial pow’rs, offspring of Heav’n, 
Ethereal virtues ! Milton. 
Vaft chain of being, which from God began, 
Nature’s ethereal, human ; angel, man. Pope. 
ETHE'REOUS, adj. Formed of ether ; heavenly : 
Behold the bright furface, 
Of this etkereous mould, whereon we (land. Milton. 
E'THELBALD, [of te^el andbalb, Sax. nobly bold.] 
The name of tw r o kings of this nation. See England. 
E'THELBERT, [aeSel and beajrc, Sax. nobly bright.] 
The name of feveral kings. 
E'THELFRED, [te^el andppete, Sax. noble peace.] 
A king of the Northumbrians. 
E'THELRED, [ae^el and fere, Sax. i. e. noble in 
council.] A name of feveral Englifh-Saxon princes. See 
England. 
E'THELSTAN, or Athelstin, [se^el and pran.Sax. 
the noble gem.] The feventh Saxon monarch from Egbert. 
E'THELWARD, [celSel and Jjapb, Sux. a noble 
keeper.] A name. 
E'THELWIN, [ae’Sel and finnan, Sax. to acquire ; 
noble purchafer.] A proper name. 
E'THELWOLD, [ae^el and fealdan, Sax. to govern ; 
i. e. noble governor.] A bifhop of .Winchefter, a founder 
of an abbey at Abingdon. 
E'THELWOLF, [te’Sel andulp, Sax. thenoblehelper.] 
The name of the fecond of the Saxon monarchs. See 
England. 
ETH'EREGE (George), oneof the “ witsof Charles’s 
days,” chiefly known’asa writer of comedy, born in 1636. 
Fie very early turned his attention to the ftage ; and in 1664 
prefented to the town his firft comedy, entitled The Co¬ 
mical Revenge, or Love in a Tub. Though this piece 
was written with the incongruous mixture ot ferious 
heroic verfe and farcical profe, yet it fuited the tafte of 
the time, and was well received. The author was imme¬ 
diately enrolled among the courtly wits of the age, fuch 
as Villiers, Rochelier, Scroop, Sedley, &c. ; and his im¬ 
provement was (hewn in his next play, She would if (lie 
could, a died in 166S. A diflipated courfe of life feems 
to have been the caule which rendered the author fo dila¬ 
tory in purfuing his luccefs; for it was not till 1676 that 
E T H 
lie produced his third and laft comedy, The Man of 
Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter. At this time it appears, 
from the dedication, that he had the honour of belonging 
to the fecond duchefs of York, Mary of Modena. This 
performance was ftill more applauded than the preceding, 
and was thought by the wits to be the true model of po¬ 
lite comedy. Etherege’s plays are lively converfation 
pieces ; but poffefs little either of true comic humour or 
of plot; and now that their licentioufnefs of language is 
become too offenlive to be borne, there is nothing elfe to 
keep them alive. Under Charles II. he received the ho¬ 
nour of knighthood ; and after the acceflion of James II. 
he obtained the appointment of envoy to Ratifbon, where 
he refided fome time, and whence he wrote two letters to 
the duke of Buckingham, printed in the Biog. Britan, 
which are a favourable fpecimen of his talent for eafy 
pleafantry. After the revolution, he is faid by fome to 
have joined his former mailer in France, and to have died 
there ; but there is alfo a tradition that he was killed at 
Ratifbon, by falling down flairs. Befldes his plays, he 
wrote feveral pieces of light and eafy poetry, fuch as 
longs, lampoons, panegyrics, &c. which are not without 
appropriate merit. 
ETH'ERINGTON's BAY, a bay on the north-wed 
coaft of the ill and of St. Vincent, a little to the north of 
Chateau Belair Bay. 
E'THlCAL, adj. [•,;$£ix<^, Gr.] Moral; treating on 
morality. 
E'THICALLY, adv. According to the dodtrines of 
morality.—My fubjedt leads me not to difeourfe ethically, 
but chriftianly, of the faults of the tongue. Government of 
the Tongue. 
E'THIC, adj. Gr.] Moral; delivering pre¬ 
cepts of morality. Whence Pope entitled part of his 
works Ethic Epiflles. 
E'THICS, yi without the Angular, Gr. ] The 
dodfrine of morality ; and the fcience of moral philo- 
fophy.—I will never fet politics againft ethics ; for true 
ethics are. but as a handmaid to divinity and religion. Bacon. 
For of all moral virtues, fhe was all 
That ethics fpeak of virtues cardinal. Donne. 
E'THTCS, are reprefented in painting and fculpture 
by a woman of a grave and commanding afpedt, holding 
the inftrument archipendulum in one hand, and with the 
other a lion bridled. The latter to Ihew that moral qihi- 
lofophy curbs the paflions, and the former, the juft equi¬ 
librium we ought to hold in all our adlions. 
ETHIO'PIA, a very extenlive country of Africa, 
whofe boundaries have been varioufly deferibed by an¬ 
cient writers, and whofe limits have been much difputed. 
by modern geographers. Dr. Bryant has Ihewn that 
Ethiopia was firft peopled by the defeendants of Culh ; 
for the manner of which fee the article Cush, vol. v. 
p. 492. They were a black or fwarthy people ; whence, 
by degrees, the tawny inhabitants of other countries, as 
well in Afia as in Africa, came to be confounded by the 
general name of Ethiopians. Mention is made in feripture 
of three countries of this name : one in Arabia, near the 
defert ; a fecond lay above Egypt; and a third compre¬ 
hended Perfis, Chufiftan, and Sufiana. To afeertain, 
therefore, the true country of Ethiopia, the ancients did 
tinguifhed it in their maps by the appellation of Africa 
Propria, which comprehended Abyflinia, Nubia, and 
Abex ; bounded on the north by Egypt, extending quite 
to the cataradfs of the Nile, and the ifland of Elephan- 
tina ; on the weft it had Lybia interior; on the eaft the 
Red Sea and the Indian Ocean ; and unknown parts of 
Africa on the fouth. But Ethiopia is now divided into 
Upper and Lower. Upper Ethiopia includes Nubia and 
Abyflinia. In Lower Ethiopia are comprehended the 
kingdoms fouth of the equinodtial line, as Congo, Lower 
Guinea, Caffraria, Monomotopa ; all of which are de¬ 
feribed under their refpedtive names in this Encyclopaedia, 
The name Abyjfinia has been lately ufed to defignate the 
whole country of Ethiopia ; but evidently on a miftaken 
foundation 
