34 
E T II 
fion entrufted with him by Athanafius. The greateft part 
of the people followed the example of their prince, and 
the church of Ethiopia continued in unity with this bi¬ 
diop to the time of his death. When Conftantius the 
emperor embraced arianifm, an attempt was made to de¬ 
pole Frumentius, becaufe he refufed to fanCtion it with 
his example and authority. About this time an expedi¬ 
tion into Arabia Felix produced, what the Arabian wri¬ 
ters, and Mahomet in the Koran, have called the war of 
the Elephant. The occafion was this : the temple of 
Mecca had been held in high veneration for 1400 years, 
.becaufe, as the Arabs fay, Adam, when expelled from 
Paradife, pitched his tent upon this fpot; and they alfo 
fliew a black done, where Jacob repofed when he faw the 
vifion, mentioned Genefis xxviii. 12. But Mr. Bruce 
thinks it to be much more probable, that this temple was 
built by Sel'odris, and that he was worfhipped here under 
the title of Oliris. This temple, venerated by neigh¬ 
bouring nations, was made the emporium of the trade 
between India and Africa ; but Abreha, wifhing to ren¬ 
der it more convenient for his dominions, built a very 
large church or temple in the country of the Homerites, 
and nearer the Indian ocean, and extended to it all the pri¬ 
vileges belonging to the pagan temple of Mecca. A tribe 
ot Arabs, called Beni Koreilh, who had the care of the 
caaba at Mecca, alarmed by the profpeCt of having their 
temple del'erted, entered Abreha’s temple, burned every 
part of it that could be confumed, and polluted the reft 
by befmearing it with human excrements. This infult 
exafperated Abreha, who, mounted upon a white ele¬ 
phant, at the head of a large army, refolved to deflroy 
the temple of Mecca. The temple, however, was mi- 
raculoudy preferved, acccording to the Arabian writers. 
This happened about the year 356. Abreha’s church, 
near the Indian ocean, was finally defiroyed in the kha¬ 
lifat of Omar. In the year 522, JuPtin, the Greek em¬ 
peror, Pent an embafiy to Caleb, or Elfbaas, king of 
Abyftinia, intreating his interference in favour of the 
ChriPtians in Arabia, who were Peverely perfeented by 
Phineas, a Jewifii prince, and others of the fame profef- 
fion, then in polfeffion of the country. Phineas was de¬ 
feated by Aretas, an Arabian prince, before Abreha, 
Caleb’s general, arrived; but the Jewifh kingdoms were 
not wholly overturned, as Pome of them continued till 
after the Hegira. To this period, or the reign of Eltbaas, 
the Arabian hiftorians refer the war of the elephant, and 
the miraculousdifeomfiture of the Ethiopian army. Some 
hiftorians have laid, that the Ethiopian monarchs em¬ 
braced the doctrines of Mahomet, foon after the appear¬ 
ance of this impoltor; but this account has been confi- 
dered as improbable. It is more certain, however, that 
Najafhi, who was the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, and 
who was related to the royal family of Abyftinia, was 
y>rofelyted to the Mahometan faith. On this occafion 
the Ethiopians loft their territories in Arabia, and were 
forced to Peek refuge on the fide of Africa, where they 
eftabliftied feveral kingdoms, inch as Adel, Mara, Ha- 
dea, Aufla, Wypo, Tarfhifh, and other ftates, which ac¬ 
quired permanent power and importance. From this pe¬ 
riod Abyftinia became the principal province of Ethiopia; 
and its kings, w’ho kept their court at Gondar, began to 
itfume an arbitrary authority over all the other ftates, 
which plunged them into favage and ceafelefs warfare. 
See Abyssinia. 
ETIIIO'PIAN, acl], belonging to Ethiopia, produced 
in Ethiopia, born in Ethiopia. 
ETHIOPIAN SOUR GOURD. See Adansonia. 
ETHIO'PIAN, f. One born in Ethiopia. 
ETHIOP'IC, adj. belonging to Ethiopia, belonging to 
the language of the Ethiopians. 
ETHMOIDA'LIS,/; in anatomy one of the futures of 
the feull. 
ETHMOI'DES,/. [from eG p.o;, a fieve, and eisor, Gr. a 
likenefs.J Perforated like a (trainer. A bone fttuuted 
at the root of the nofe. See Anatomy, 
E T H 
ETI-FNARCHY, f. [cSvoe, a nation, and Gr. fo- 
vereignty.] Principality or rule. 
ETHNAR'CHES,y. [Lat. Siia.py.rii;, Gr. J A ruler of a 
nation or people. 
ETH'NIC, adj. [ cthnicus , Lat. sSn*0?, of e-SEo?, Gr. a 
nation.] Heathen; Pagan; not Jewifti ; not Chriftian. 
—Such contumely as the ethnic world durft not offer him, 
is the peculiar infolence of degenerated Chriftians. Gov. of 
the Tongue. —I fliall begin with the agreement of profane, 
whether Jewifti or ethnic, with the facred writings. Grew, 
ETH'NICS,yi Heathens ; not Jews; not Chriftians.— 
This firft Jupiter of the ethnics was then the fame Cain, 
the foil of Adam. Raleigh. 
ETHNOPHRO'NES,y. [from eSko?, heathen, and Cp^v, 
Gr. thought, fentiment.] A fed of heretics of the feventh 
century, who profelfed chriftianity, but joined thereto 
all the fuperftitions and folies of paganifm, as judiciary 
aftrology, fortileges, auguries, and other divinations. 
ETHOLO'GIC AL, adj. [from i;So?, and Aoyo?, Gr. trea- 
tife ] Pertaining to treatifes of ethics or morality. 
ETHO'LOGIST, f. one that fliews the manners of 
others, one that imitates the cuftoms and manners of 
others. 
ETH'OLOGY, f. [from eGoc, manners, and A070;, Gr. 
a difeourfe.] A reprefentation of the manners and cuf¬ 
toms of a people. 
ETHOPOE'I A,f [vjSoTroEKz, Gr.] A figure in rheto¬ 
ric, in which there is a reprefentation of the manners and 
paflions of men, either to their praife or difpraife. 
ETHU'LIA,y. in botany, a genus of the clafs fyn- 
genefia, order polygamia aequalis, natural order of com. 
pofitae difeoideae, (corymbiferae, jfujf.) The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx : common, many-leaved, rounded: 
fimple ; leaflets linear, nearly equal, fpreading. Corolla, 
compound, tubular; corollets hermaphrodite, uniform, 
diftant by a fpace : proper funnel-form ; border five-cleft; 
upright. Stamina: filaments five, very fnort, capillary ; 
antherae, cylindric, tubular. Piftillum : germ prifmatic : 
ftyle filiform, length of the Ibir.ens ; ftigmastvvo, recurv¬ 
ed. Pericarpiuin: none; calyx unchanged. Seeds: foli- 
tary, truncated, turbinate, five-cornered, five-furrowed; 
down none, but a little projecting margin. Receptacu- 
lum : naked, convex, excavated w ith points .—Ejfential 
CharaEler. Receptacuium naked ; dow n none. 
Species. 1. Ethulia conyzoides, or panicled ethulia : 
flowers panicled. Root annual ; item herbaceous, the 
thicknefs of a finger, four feet in height, upright, round, 
but angular at top, pubefeent, hollow. It is a large 
plant, agreeing in ftature with Baccharis or Conyza. The 
fructification correfponds in molt circumftances with eupa- 
torium and ageratum ; but it differs materially from all 
thefe four genera, in having no down or feather to the 
feeds. It is alfo remarkable in having the florets diftant; 
and in putting forth roots from the bale of the Item, which 
is feldom the cafe in annual plants. The leaves fmell 
very fweet. Native of the Eaft-Indies. It was fent to 
the Upfal garden by profeflbr David van Royen about the 
year 1760 or 1761, under the name of Eupatorium. It 
was introduced here in 1776, by Monf. Thouin : and 
flowers in July and Auguft. 
2. Ethulia fparga-nophora, or Vaillant’s ethulia : flow¬ 
ers feflile, lateral. It is a very (inall plant, from the 
Eaft-Indies. Linnaeus doubts whether Vaillant’s fpar- 
ganophorus be the fame. Gaertner feparates this from 
Ethulia, with which lie fays it has nothing in common 
except the calyx. 
3. Ethulia divaricata, or divaricate ethulia : leaves 
linear, toothed, decurrent ; peduncles oppoftte to the 
leaves, one-flowered ; ftem divaricate. An annual plant, 
a hand in height. Seeds to the female flowers only, fub- 
turbinate, ftriated, minute, pale, bald, or without any 
crown. Gsertner feparates thofe which have a crown, 
under Vaillant’s name of Sparganophorus. Obferved by 
Konig in the fields of Malabar. 
4. Ethulia tomentofa, or tomentofe ethulia : under- 
flirubby ; 
