44 E T Y 
monly called Scanaerbeg, who, with a fmall army, op- 
pofed the whole power of the Ottoman empire, having 
'efeated thofe barbarians in twenty-two pitched battles, 
v his hero, at his death, left great part of Etolia to the 
Venetians; but they not being able to oppofe fitch a 
formidable power, the whole country was loon reduced 
by Mahommed II. emperor of the Turks, whole fuc- 
celTTrs hill pollefs it. 
E'TON, a fmall but celebrated town in the county of 
Bucks, leparated from Windfor by the river Thames, 
over which is a bridge of communication. Eton has been 
long famous for its royal college and fchool, founded by 
Henry VI. in 1440, for the fupport of a provok and feven 
fellows, and fertile education of feventy king’s fcholars, 
as thofe are called who are on the foundation. Thefe, 
when properly qualified, are eleXed, on the fir It Tuefday 
in Auguft, to king’s college Cambridge; but they are 
not removed till there are vacancies in the college, when 
they are called according to feniority : and after they 
have been three years at Cambridge, they claim a fellow, 
lhip. Befides thofe on the foundation, there are feldom 
lefs than three hundred fcholars, and often many more, 
who board at the makers houfes, or within the bounds 
of the college. The fchool is divided into upper and 
lower, and each of thefe into three claffes. To each 
fchool there is a maker and four aflikants or ukiers. The 
revenue of the college is about 5000I. a-year. Eton 
fchool was rebuilt in 1569. It has conftantly been the 
nurfery and place of education of great numbers of the 
nobility, and youths of the firk families in the kingdom, 
whence this royal foundation has always been conlidered 
the mok dikinguifhed preparatory fchool for clallical 
learning and polite literature. On Whit-Tuefday, tri- 
ennially, the fchool holds a grand fekival, called the»:«z- 
tem, ufually attended by the king and royal family. 
ETRIGNY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Saone and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the 
dikriX of Chalons fur Saone : three leagues and a half 
fouth of Chalons. 
E'TRIS, a town of Egypt: eighteen miles north-weft 
of Cairo. 
E'TROEUNG, a town of France, in the department 
of the north, and chief place of a canton, in the dikriX of 
Avefnes: one league and a quarter fouth of Avefnes. 
ETRU'RI A. See Hetruria. 
ETRUS'CAN, adj. Of or belonging to Etruria. 
ET'SA, a town of Egypt: eighteen miles fouth of 
Abu Girge. 
ET'SED, a town of Hungary : twenty miles north-weft 
of Zatmar, and thirty-four eaft of Tokay. 
ET'SED, KLEIN, a town of Hungary : two miles north 
of Etfed. 
ET'TENHEIM, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and bifr.opric of Stralburg : nineteen 
miles louth-fouth-eaft of Stralburg, and fifteen north of 
Freyburg. 
ET'TLINGEN, or Oetllingen, or Ettingen, a 
town of Germany, in the circle of Swabia, and margra- 
viate of Baden, on the Albe : fix miles fouth-fouth-weft 
of Durlach, and twenty-eight fouth-fouth-weft of Hei- 
~d el berg. 
ET'TLSTORFF, a town of Germany, in the archduchy 
of Aukria : nine miles fouth-we ft of Sonnenberg. 
ET'TRICIv, a river of Scotland, which runs into the 
Yarrow, two miles fouth-fouth-wek from Selkirk. 
ETUI', f [Fr.] A cafe for tweezers and fuch inkru- 
ments: 
The gold etui 
With all its bright inhabitants. Shenjlone. 
ETYMOLO'GICAL, adj. Relating to etymology; 
relating to the derivation of words.—Excufe this con¬ 
ceit, this etymological obfervation. Locke. 
ETYMO'LOGIST, f One who fearches out the ori¬ 
ginal of words; one- wiio Ihows the derivation of words 
from their original. 
£ T Y 
ETYMO'LOGY, f. \__etymologia, Lat. tTvuoi and Xoy®^ f 
Gr.] The defeent or derivation of a word from its ori¬ 
ginal ; the deduction of formations from the radical word ; 
the analyfi.s of compound words into primitives.—Con- 
fumption is generally taken for any univerfal diminution 
and colliquation of the body which acceptation its etymo¬ 
logy implies'. Harvey. —If the meaning of a word could be 
learned by its derivation or etymology , yet the original de¬ 
rivation of words is oftentimes very dark. Watts' s Logic .—• 
The part of-grammar which delivers the inflexions of 
nouns and verbs. 
Dr. Bryant has given the following rules and obferva- 
tions in refp.eX to etymological inquiries ; and for the 
better underkandingthemythology of Greece : 1. “ We 
nmk never deduce the etymology of an Egyptian or 
oriental term from the Greek language. 2. We fhould 
recur to the Doric mode of expreftion, as being neareft to 
the original. 3. All terms of relation between the hea¬ 
then deities are to be difregarded. 4. We mud have re- 
courfe to the oblique c-afes, efpecially in nouns imparafyl- 
labic, when we have an ancient term tranfmitted to us 
either from the Greeks or Romans. The nominative in 
both languages, is often abridged: fo that from the ge¬ 
nitive, or from the poftetlive, the original term is to be 
deduced. This will be found to obtain even in common 
names, e.g. Mentis, and not Mens, was the true nominative 
of mentis, menti , mentem : Ikic ek de foie fumptus ignis, ifque 
mentis ek. Ap. Enniifragm. 
“ Obferve that people of old were filled the chil¬ 
dren of the god whom they worklipped ; hence they 
were at lak thought to have been his real offspring : and 
that the pricks were reprefented as foker-fathers to the 
deity, before whom they minifrered; and priekeffes were 
kiled r:Sr,v«i, or nurfes. Colonies always went out under 
the patronage and title of fome deity ; and this conduct¬ 
ing god was in afrertimes fuppofed to have been the real 
leader. Hence the whole merit of a tranfaXion was im¬ 
puted to this deity folely ; who was reprefented under 
the charaXer, e. g. of Perfeus, Dionufus, or Hercules ; 
but if, inkeadof one perfon, we put a people, the hikory 
will be found confonant to truth. 
“ As the Grecians made themfelves principals in many 
great occurrences, which were of another country, we 
muk look abroad for the original, both of their rites and 
mythology ; and apply to the nations, from whence they 
were derived. Their original was foreign ; and ingrafted 
upon the hikory of the country where they fettled. This 
is of great confequence, and repeatedly to be conlidered. 
One great mikake alfo too frequently prevails among 
people, who deal in thefe refearches, i\hitlimuk be care¬ 
fully avoided. We fliould never make life of a language, 
which is modern, or comparatively modern, to deduce the 
etymology of ancient and primitive terms. It has been 
the cukoni of thofe writers, who have been verfed in the 
oriental languages, to deduce their etymologies from 
roots ; which are-often fome portion of a verb. But the 
names of places and of perfons are generally an alfem- 
blage of qualities, an& titles. The terms were obvious, 
and in common life ; taken from fome well-known cha- 
raXerikics. Thofe, who impofed fuch. names, never 
thought of a root : and probably did not know the pur¬ 
port of the term. Eukathius upon Dionyfius has laid 
down a rule, which fliould be carefully remembered : 
Ei SocpQapov ro osey-cs, ov yyo tjSluv EX/V/jnx'/iv elvtAOAoyiav ajlov. 
This is a plain and golden rule, pokerior indeed to Arif- 
totle, Plato, and other Greek writers ; which, however, 
common fenfe might have led them to have anticipated, 
and to have followed.” 
Sir John Fortefcue Aland, fpeaking of Englifli etymo¬ 
logies, fays, “ Saxon is the mother of the Engiifh tongue. 
A man cannot tell twenty, nor name the days of the week 
in Engliki, but he muk fpeak Saxon. Etymologies, there¬ 
fore, from a Saxon original, will often prefent you with 
the definition of the thing in the reafon of the name. For 
the Saxons often in their names exprefs the nature of 
the thing; as in the word parijh j in the Saxon it is a 
word 
