EVA 
running into cohefions that would obftrucl, lefraT, or rc- 
fledt, the heat.: and hence it happens that when webreathe 
in warm air, though the fame quantity of moifture may 
be taken up from the lungs as when we breathe in cold 
air, yet that moifture is not fo vifible. On thefe princi¬ 
ples he accounts for the production and different appear¬ 
ances of fogs, miffs, and clouds. 
Dr. Hamilton, profeffbr of philofophy in the univerfify 
of Dublin, tranl'mitted to the Royal Society in 1765, a 
long differtation on the nature of evaporation, in which he 
propofes and effablillies this theory of folntion ; and 
though other writers had been prior in their conjectures, 
and even in their reafoning on this fubjeCt, Dr. Hamilton 
affures us, that he has not reprefented any thing as new 
which he was confcious had ever been propofed by any 
one before him, even as a conjecture. Dr. Hamilton, 
liavinf evinced the agreement between folntion and eva¬ 
poration, concludes, that evaporation is nothing more than 
a gradual folntion of water in air, produced and promoted 
by attraction, heat, and motion, juft as other folutionsare 
effeCted. M. de.Luc, in the Philofophical Tranladfions 
for 1792, thews, from various well-conduCted experiments, 
that the produCt of evaporation is always of the tame na¬ 
ture, namely, an expanfiblefuid, which, either alone, or 
mixed with air, affeCts the manometer by prejfure, and the 
hygrometer by moifure, without any difference arifing 
front the prefence or abfence of air ; at leaft without any 
fuch having been hitherto perceived. The author’s 
theory is confonant to the general laws both of hygrology 
and hygrometry, and appears to be given with great care 
and precifion. 
Dr. Brownrigg, in his art of making common fait, fixes 
the evaporation of fome parts of England at 73-8 inches 
during the months of May, June, July, and Auguft ; 
and the evaporation of the whole year at more than 140 
inches. But the evaporation of the four fummer months 
at Liverpool, on a medium of four years, was found to be 
only 18-88 inches. Alfo Dr. Hales calculates the greateft 
annual evaporation from the furface of the earth in Eng¬ 
land at 6-66 inches ; and therefore the annual evaporation 
from a furface of water, is to the annual evaporation from 
the furface of the earth at Liverpool, nearly as fix to one. 
Philof. Tranf. vol. 67. In the TranfaCtions of the Ame¬ 
rican Philofophical Society, vol. 3, there is an ingenious 
paper on evaporation, by Dr. Wiftar. It is there (hewn, 
that evaporation ariles when the moift body is warmer 
than the medium it is inclofed in. And, on tlie contrary, 
it acquires moifture from the air, when the body is the 
colder. This carrying off, and acquiring of moifture, it 
is (hewn, is by the pailageof heat out of the body, or into 
it. It (hould feem, however, that no pofition, or experi¬ 
ment, hitherto fuggefted, militates againft M. de Luc's 
theory, which fuppofes evaporation to be the action or 
habitude of an expanfible fluid. 
EVAPORA'TOR,/ Any veffel deftined to the purpofe 
of evaporation. Mr. Browne, of Derby, received the 
cold medal from the fociety of arts and manufactures, for 
his invention of an evaporator for drying various kinds of 
halts and other fubftances. Very ingenious machinery for 
the different procefles of evaporation, have alfo been in¬ 
vented by Mr. Frearfon, of Liverpool, who obtained let¬ 
ters patent for the fame in 1792. 
EVAR'CHUS, a river of Alia Minor, flowing into the 
Euxine on the confines of Cappadocia. Flaccus. 
E'VARGY, f [from £vefyo$, Gr. eafy.] Facility.—In 
plainer evargy, what are they ? MiJ'eries of Inforced Marriage. 
EVA'SION,/. [evafutn, Lat.] Excufe ; fubterfuge ; 
fophiftry ; artifice; artful means of eluding or efcaping: 
In vain thou ftriveft to cover fhame with fttame; 
Thou by evafons thy crime uncover’ft more. Milton. 
EVA'SIVE, adj. Praftifing evafion ; elufive: 
Thus he, though confcious of th’ ethereal gueft, 
Anfwer’d evajwe of the fly requeft. Pope. 
Containing an evafion ; fophiftical ; diflioneftly artful. 
E U C 47 
EVA'SIVELY, adv. By evafion; elufively ; fophif- 
tically. 
EVA'TES,y. A branch or divifion of the druids, or 
ancient Celtic priefts. Strabo divides the Britifh and 
Gaulifti philofophers into three fedts : bards, evates, and 
druids. He adds, that the bards were the poets and mu. 
ficians ; the evates, the priefts and naturalifts; and the 
druids were moralifts as well as naturalifts: but Mar- 
cellus- and Hornius reduce them all to two feels, the 
bards and druids. 
EVAU'X, a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftridt, in the department of the Creufe; near it is a 
mineral fpring and baths : eight leagues and a half eaft 
of Gueret, and fix north-north-eaft of Aubuffon. 
EU'BELSTADT, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Franconia, and bifhopric of Wurzburg, on the Maine: 
three miles fouth of Wurzburg. 
EUBCE'A, the largeft ifland in the FEgean fea after 
Crete, now called Ncgropont. It is feparated from the 
continent of Boeotia by the narrow ftraits of the Euripus, 
anciently known by the different names of Maoris, Oche , 
ELlopia, Chalcis, Abantis, Afopis. It is 150 miles long, and 
37 broad in its mod extenfive parts, and 365 in circum¬ 
ference. The principal town was Chalcis; and it was 
reported, that in the neighbourhood of Chalcis the ifland 
had been formerly joined to the continent. Euboea was 
fubjedted to the power of the Greeks ; Fome of its cities, 
however, remained for fome time independent. Pliny. 
EUBU'LE, an Athenian virgin facrificed with her Af¬ 
ters for the fafety of her country, which laboured under 
a famine. ALlian. 
EUBU'LIDES, a Grecian philofopher of the Megaric 
fedt, born at Miletus. He became a difciple of Euclid, 
the founder of the Megaric fchool, and his fucceffor in 
it; and was noted for his enmity to Ariftotle, whofe 
opinions he cenfured, and whofe charadter he ungene- 
roufly calumniated. Like his matter, he was warmly at¬ 
tached to the art of deputation, and was the inventor of 
feveral fophiftical modes of reafoning, of which the molt 
ingenious ferved only to produce perplexity and con- 
fufion, and fome were even trifling and contemptible. 
Ariftotle calls them Eri/iic, or deputations fyllogifms. 
EU'BULUS, [Gr.] A man’s name. 
EUCALYP'TUS, f. \_tv v.a.Xv% !o?, Gr. well covered; 
fo named from the perianthium being covered with a 
remarkable veil or lid.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
icofandria, order monogynia. The generic characters 
are—Calyx : perianthium fuperior, permanent, truncate, 
covered with a hemifpheric.il deciduous lid before flow¬ 
ering time. Stamina: filaments very numerous, inferted 
into the calyx. Piftillum : germ inferior, turbinate; 
ftyle fingle. Pericarpium : capfule four-celled, gaping 
only at the tip. Seeds: very many, angular.— EJj'ential 
CharaBer. Calyx fuperior, permanent, truncate, before 
flowering time covered with a hemifpherical deciduous 
lid ; corolla, none ; capfule four-celled, opening at the 
top, inclofing many feeds. 
Species. 1. Eucalyptus obliqua, or oblique-leaved eu¬ 
calyptus. This is a very tall tree, growing to the height 
of more than an hundred feet, and above thirty in cir¬ 
cumference; the bark is fmooth, like that of the poplar; 
the younger branches are long and flender, angulated 
near the top, but as they grow older the angles difap- 
pear. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, pointed, very 
entire, fmooth on both fides, and remarkably unequal or 
oblique at their bale ; the veins are alternate, and not 
very confpieuous ; the whole furface of both fides of the 
leaves is marked with numerous minute refinous fpots, 
in which an elfential oil refides : thefootftalks are about 
half an inch in length, round on the under fide, angular 
above, quite fmooth. The flowers have not been fully 
examined, but the capfulesare fuppofed to grow in cluf- 
ters from fix to eight in each, fefiile and conglomerated ; 
each is about the lize of a hawthorn berry, globular, but 
as it were cut off at the top, and of a dark brown colour; 
