50 
E U D 
cefterftiire. And before that, in 1709, by the D beliefs of 
Beaufort, at Badminton; from whole garden probably 
Mr. Blathwaite had it. 
( 3 . Eucomis autumnalis, the variety, has leaves more 
than a foot long, broad at their bafe, but narrowed to the top, 
where they end in acute points. The flower-ftalk rifes 
higher than that of the preceding; the flowers are of the 
fame fhape and colour, but feldom appear till Auguft. 
It was railed by Mr. Miller from feeds fent him from the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
3. Eucomis undulata, waved-leaved eucomis or fritil- 
laria : fcape cylindric, leavesovate-oblong, waved, fpread- 
ing, the leaves of the coma almofl: as long as the raceme. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It flowers from 
March to May. 
4. Eucomis pun&ata, or fpotted eucomis : fcape cvlin- 
dric, leaves oblong-lanceolate, channelled, fpreading- 
leaves of the coma fhort, racemes very long. Native of 
the Cape of Good Hope ; and flowers in July : this is the 
larged fpecies ; the fecond is of a middle fize, and the 
firft is fmall. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are to be manag¬ 
ed in the fame way with other Cape bulbs. 
EU'CRASY, f. [Lat. from ev, well, and Gr. 
temperament.] That agreeable well-propertioncd mix¬ 
ture of qualities, whereby a body is faid to be in a good 
ftate of health. Quincy. 
EUD/E'MON, f [ev?, good, and $a.iv,w, Gr. a fpirit.] 
A good genius; the fourth houfe in aftrology, fo called 
on account of its fuppofed good fxgnification. 
EUDTs'MON (John Andrew, or John the Happy), 
a learned Jefuit, a native of the ifle of Candia, who for 
the fake of purfuing his ftudies went early to Rome. 
The learning and abilities which he difcovered recom¬ 
mended him to the notice o'f his fuperiors. Pope Urban 
VIII. honoured him with his efteem, and fixed upon him 
to accompany his nephew, cardinal Barberini, as his chap¬ 
lain, when he was fent as legate into France. He had 
fcarcely returned from this appointment to Rome, when 
he died in that city, in 1625. He was the author of vari¬ 
ous works ; among which are, 1. Cajligatio Lamberti Daneei. 
a. De Antichrijlo Lib. III. 3. Confutatio Anticotoni. 4. Re- 
citatio Exercitationum Cafauboni , ( 3 c. And he was fuppofed 
to be the author of a work which appeared at Paris in 1625, 
under the title of Admonitio ad Rcgem Ludovicum XIII. 
which attacked the authority of the kings of France in 
matters of an ecclefiaftical nature, and gave rife to a fe- 
vere (form againft the order of Jefuits. 
EUD^E'MONY, f. Happinefs; profperity. Scott. 
EU'DES, [hub, Sax. a keeper.] A man’s name. 
EU'DES (John), a French prieft, founder of the con¬ 
gregation of the Eudifts, born at Rye in Lower Normandy, 
in 1601. He was the brother of the celebrated hiftorian 
Mezerai* and received his education under the Jefuits at 
Caen. In 1625, cardinal Berulle received him as a mem¬ 
ber into his congregation of the Oratory, where he conti¬ 
nued for eighteen yea*s. He afterwards obtained per- 
miflion to eftablilh a new inftitution at Caen, under the 
title of the Congregation of Jefus and Mary, of which he was 
the firft fuperior as well as founder. He appears to have 
been a well-meaning man, but myftical and enthuliaftic. 
As he was a favourite preacher in his day, and frequently 
appeared in the pulpit, his popularity foon filled the 
houfe of his congregation with fcholars and devotees, 
and branches from it were fpeedily fpread over different 
parts of Normandy. Eudes died at Caen, in 1680, when 
feventy-nine years of age, leaving behind him feveral 
works, which afford evidence of an ill-regulated devo¬ 
tion and fuperftitious credulity. Thofe which have en¬ 
gaged moft notice are, a treatife On the Devotion and on 
the Office of the Heart of the Virgin, 121110. 1650; Man’s 
Contraft with God, 12010. ; and particulars concerning 
a fanatical female in Normandy, whom he had the weak- 
ncfs to conlider as an infpired perfon, entitled 1 he Life 
•of Mary of the Valleys, in three volumes, 410. which he 
E U D 
would not commit to the prefs, but fuffered copies of it 
to be taken jjnd to be difperfed among his acquaintance. 
EUDI O' MET E R, f. aninftrument for ascertaining the 
purity of the atmofpherical air. Many inftruments have 
been invented under this denomination ; but the moft cor- 
re£t, and that now in general ufe, is the eudiometer of 
M. Guyton ; for a particular defcription and an engrav¬ 
ing of which, fee the article Chemistry, vol. iv. 
p. 381, and the Chemiftry Plate VIII. 
EUJDIO'METRY, J'. in chemiftry, the art of analy. 
fing or afcertaining the component parts of atmofpheric 
air, with its qualities, and relative ftate of purity or im¬ 
purity. The dependance of the health and exiftence of 
animals upon a peculiar ftate of the atmofphere, and the 
relations of this ftate to precedes connefted with the moft: 
eflential wants of life, have given intereff and importance 
to this department of chemical fcience. This elaftic 
fluid has been long known to confift chiefly of oxygen 
and nitrogen mingled together, or in a ftate of loofe com¬ 
bination, and holding in folution water. A variety of 
proceffes have been inftituted with the view of determin¬ 
ing the relative proportions of the two gafes, but moft 
o*f them have involved fources of inaccuracy ; and lately 
all, except two (the llow combuftion of phofphorus, 
and the action of liquid fulphurets), have been generally 
abandoned. Both phofphorus and folution of fulphuret 
of potafh abforb the whole of the oxygen of atmofphe¬ 
ric air at common temperatures, and they do not mate¬ 
rially alter the volume or the properties of the refidual 
nitrogen ; but their operation is extremely flow, and in 
many cafes it is difficult toafcertain the period at which 
the experiment is completed. Mr. Davy, of the royal 
inftitution of London, has lately employed as an eudio- 
metrical fubftance the folution of green muriate, or ful- 
phate of iron, impregnated with nitrous gas; and he 
found that it is in feme refpedls fuperior to many of the 
bodies heretofore ufed, as it rapidly condenfes oxygen 
without acting upon nitrogen, and requires for its appli¬ 
cation only a very fimpleand a very portable apparatus. 
“This fluid (fays he) is made by tranfmitting nitrous 
gas through green muriate, or fulphate of iron, diflblved 
to faturation in water. As the gas is abforbed, the folu¬ 
tion becomes of a deep olive-brown, and when the im¬ 
pregnation is completed it appears opaque and almofl 
black. The procefs is apparently owing to a fimple 
elective attraction ; in no cafe is the gas decompofed ; 
and under the exhaufted receiver it allumes its elaftic 
form, leaving the fluid, with which it was combined, 
unaltered in its properties. The inftruments neceflary for 
afeertaining the compofition of the atmofphere, by means 
of impregnated folutions, confift fimply of a fmall gra¬ 
duated tube, having its capacity divided into one hun¬ 
dred parts, and greateft at the open end ; and of a veffel 
for containing the fluid. The tube, after being filled 
with the air to be examined, is introduced into the folu¬ 
tion ; and, that the aflion may be more rapid, gently 
moved from a perpendicular towards a horizontal pofi- 
tion. Under thefe circumftances the air is rapidly dimi- 
nifhed ; and, in confequer.ee of the dark colour of th-e 
fluid, it is eafy to difeover the quantity of abforptiom 
In a few minutes the experiment is completed, and the 
whole of the oxygen condenfed by the nitrous gas in the 
folution in the form of nitrous acid. In all eudiometrical 
proceffes with impregnated folutions, the period at which 
the diminution is at a ftand muft be accurately obferved ; 
for, Ihortly after this period, the volume of the refidual 
gas begins to be a little increafed, and, after fome hours 4 
it will often fill a fpace greater by feveral of the hundred 
parts on thefcaleof the tube, than that which it occupied 
at the maximum of abforption. This circumftance de¬ 
pends upon the flow decompofition of the nitrous acid 
(formed during the experiment.) by the green oxide of 
iron, and the confequent produflion of a fmall quantity 
of aeriform fluid (chiefly nitrous gas) ; which, having 
no affinity for the red muriate or fulphate of iron pro¬ 
duced. 
