51 
E U D 
duced, is gradually evolved, and mingled with the refi- 
dnal nitrogen. The impregnated foliation with green 
muriate is more rapid in its operation than the folution 
with green fulphate. In cafes when thefe falts cannot 
be obtained in a ftate of abfolute purity, the common or 
mixed fulphate of iron may be employed. One cubic 
inch of moderately ftrong impregnated folution is capable 
of abforbing five or fix cubic inches of oxygen, in com¬ 
mon proceffes ; but the fame quantity muff: never be em¬ 
ployed for more than one experiment. 
“ A number of comparative experiments, made on 
the confutation of the atmofphere at the Hotwells, 
Biiftol, in July, Auguft, and September, 1800, with 
phofphorus, fulphurets of alkalies, and impregnated 
folution, dcmonftrated the accuracy of the proceffes in 
which the laft fubftance was properly employed. The 
diminutions given by the fulphurets were indeed always 
greater, by a minute quantity, than thofe produced by 
phofphorus and impregnated folutions : but the reafon 
of this will be obvious to thofe who have ftudied the fub- 
je6l of eudiometry. In no inftance was it found that 
100 parts in volume of air contained more than 31 of oxy¬ 
gen : and the variations connected with different winds, 
and different ftates of temperature, moilhire, &c. were 
too finall, and too often related to accidental circum- 
itances, to be accurately noticed. In analyfing the at¬ 
mofphere in different places, by means of impregnated 
folutions, I have never been able to afcertain any notable 
difference in the proportions of its conflituent parts. Air, 
collected on the fea at the mouth of the Severn, on 06 to- 
her the 3d, 1800, which muff have paffed over much of 
the Atlantic, as the wind was blowing ftrong from the 
weft, was found to contain 21 per cent, of oxygen in 
volume; and this was nearly the proportion in air fent 
from the coaft of Guinea, to Dr. Beddoes, by two fur- 
geons of Liverpool. If we compare thefe refults with 
the refults gained more than twenty years ago, by Mr. 
Cavendifh, from experiments on the nompofition of at- 
mofpherical air made at London and Kenfington; confi- 
dering, at the fame time, the refearches of Berthollet in 
Egypt and at Paris, and thofe of Marti in Spain, we 
Dial 1 find ftrong reafons for concluding that the afmof- 
phere, in all places expofed to the influence of the 
winds, contains very nearly the fame proportions of oxygen 
and nitrogen : a circumftance of great importance ; for, 
by teaching 11s that the different degrees of falubrity of 
air do not depend upon differences in the quantities of its 
principal conftituent parts, it ought to induce 11s to infti- 
tute refearches concerning the different fubftances capable 
of being diffolved or fufpended in the air, which are 
noxious to the human conftitution ; particularly as an 
accurate knowledge of their nature and properties would 
probably enable 11s, in a great meafure, to guard againft, 
or deftroy, their baneful effects.”—See the article 
Atmosphere, vol.ii. p. 473— 4S0. 
EUDO'CIA, a Roman emprefs, wife of Theodofius 
the younger. Her original name was Athenais , and fhe 
was daughter of Leontius, an Athenian philofopher. 
She was educated in the fciences, as well as in the reli¬ 
gion, of ancient Greece. She early received the protec¬ 
tion of Pulcheria, filter of Theodofius, who was ftruck 
with the figure and the eloquence of Athenais, and 
thence deftined her to the bed of her brother. The mar¬ 
riage took place in 421, and Athenais, renouncing the 
errors of paganifm, received the baptifmal name of 
Eudocia. She long continued upon the throne to culti¬ 
vate letters, and employed her talent of verification in 
the fervice of the religion to which ftie was a convert. 
She put into Greek verfe'the eight firft books of the Old 
Teftament. She is faid to have compofed a poem on a 
victory obtained by her imperial fpoufe over the Perfians. 
She alfo wrote poetical paraphrafes on fome of the Jewifti 
prophets^ and ftie has had the credit of a Homeric cento 
on the life of Chrift, ftill extant, though her title to this 
performance is difputed by the critics. She lived for a 
E V E 
confiderable time in harmony with herconfort; and after 
the marriage of her daughter to tire emperor Valenti- 
nian III. fhe was permitted to pay her vows in a fplendid 
pilgrimage to Jerufalem. In this progrefs ftie pro¬ 
nounced, from a throne of gold, an oration to the fenate 
of Antioch. After this period, the rivalry broke out be¬ 
tween Eudocia and Pulcheria ; and the latter had the art 
to excite fufpicions of the emprefs’s fidelity in the bread 
of her hnfband. The object was Paulinus, a handfome 
and accompliftied man, who had been raifed to the poll 
of reader of the offices. He was put to death ; and after 
a ftruggle, in which the revengeful paffions on both fides 
were productive of bloodfned, Eudocia was dripped of 
her honours, and reduced to a private condition. After 
pafting feveral years in devout retirement, die died in Pa- 
leftine in 460, at the age of fixty-feven. Before her 
death, fhe afferted, in the molt folenm manner, her inno¬ 
cence of the criminal intercourfe of which lire had been 
charged. 
EUDO'RA, f. [ivg, good, and Gr. a gift.] A 
good gift; the name of a woman. Cole. 
EUDOX'IA,yi [euc, good, and S'o^icc, Gr. fame.] A 
good name ; a good report; a woman’s name. 
EUDOX'IANS, f. heretics, fo called of Eudoxus, 
their leader, who held the Son was differently affected in 
his will from the Father, and made of nothing. 
EUDO'XIUS, patriarch of Conftantinople in the 
fourth century, born at Arabiffus, in Armenia Minor. 
He was connected with the Arian party, and was made 
bilhop of Germanicia, a city of Cappadocia, [n the 
year 359, he was eleCted patriarch of Conftantinople, 
which he preferved until his death, in 370, under the 
reign of the emperor Valens. Of the writings of Eu- 
aoxius there are no remains extant, excepting fome frag¬ 
ments of a treatife De Incarnatione Dei Verbi, indifferent 
MSS. and collections to which there are many references 
in Cave. 
EUDOX'US, a peripatetic philofopher, geometrician, 
aftronomer, and phyfician, born at Cnidus, a city of 
Carai, in Alia Minor, about 392 years before Chrilt. 
He ftudied -geometry and philofophy under Architas, 
and medicine under Philifton the Sicilian. Attracted by 
the fame of the Socrutic fchool, he went to Athens, 
where, by means of the affiftance which his narrow 
finances received from the generofity of Theomedon, a 
phyfician, he was enabled to maintain himfelf while he 
attended the fchools of the philofophers, particularly 
that of Plato. By the liberality of his friends he was 
afterwards fupported during a journey which he took 
for farther improvement to Egypt, whither he carried 
recommendatory letters to king NeCtanebis II. who in¬ 
troduced him to the priefts of that country. After he 
had received their inftruCtions, he went to Cyzicus, on 
the Propontis, where he taught aftronomy and philofo¬ 
phy, and obtained a multitude of difeipfes. With many 
of thefe, after he had paid a vifit to Maufolus, he re¬ 
moved to Athens, and opened a fchool in that city, in 
which he acquired fuch honour and reputation, that he 
was confulted on fubjeCIs of policy as well as fcience', 
from all parts of Greece. His fkill in thefe fubjefts, 
and more particularly in geometry and aftronomy, is 
highly celebrated by the ancients ; and he is dated to 
have left behind him many excellent writings, none of 
which are now extant. Aratus, who has deferibed the 
celeftial phenomena in verfe, is faid to have followed 
Eudoxus. He died in the fifty-third year of his age. 
EVE, the firft woman, and mother of the human 
race, formed of a rib taken from Adam’s fide whenlie 
was in a deep deep, and brought to him by the Creator 
to become his wife, and “ help meet for him.” She was 
the firft who was feduced to that breach of the divine 
command, Which expofed her and her hufband to the 
difpleafure of God, and was followed by the penalty of 
mortality, and by an expulfion from Paradife. Eve 
afterwards proved the mother of * numerous offspring, 
of 
