56 
E U G 
fand pounds per annum. It hasa good weekly market on 
Mondays; and four fairs, viz. on the fecond of February, 
Monday after Eafter-Monday, Whit-Monday, and the 
21 ft of September. 
E'VESHAM, a townffiip of the American States, 
in Burlington county, New-Jerfey, (ituated between the 
forks of Moore’s creek, which runs north wefterly to 
Delaware river : feven miles eafterly of Haddonfield, 
fixteen eaft of Philadelphia, and twenty-five fouth of 
Burlington. Here is an Indian fettlement, called Edge 
Pittick, a trad of land referved by the ancient natives. 
They have many hundred acres of improved lands, about 
thirty houfes, and a meeting-houfe, with a minifter of 
their own, who officiates in the Indian language. 
EVE'ST, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Dvvina, 
near Kreutzburg. 
7 ’oEVES'TIGATE, v. a. [ evejligo , Lat. ] To fearch out. 
EVESTIGA'TION, f. An investigation; a fearching 
out. Scott. 
EUEX'IA, f. [ev, well, and e|k, Gr. the habit.] A 
good habit of body , a good constitution. 
EUGE'NE, [sv’yjjnrt, Gr. nobly born.] A proper 
name of men. 
EUGE'NE (Francis of Savoy), called Prince Eugene, 
one of the mod famous generals of [tis time, grandfon of 
Charles-Emanuel duke of Savoy, and fon of the count of 
Soiftbnsby Olympia Mancini, niece to cardinal Mazarin. 
He was born at Paris in 1663, and being deftined to the 
church, was known in his youth by the name of the abbe 
de Carignan. He went as a volunteer to ferve in Ger¬ 
many againft the Turks. Louvois fent an order of recal 
to him and the other French volunteers, upon pain, in 
cafe of difobedience, of being perpetually exiled. Eu¬ 
gene alone ventured to difobey : “ I will return one day 
(faid he) in fpite of Louvois.” He fo much diftinguilhed. 
himfelf in his firft campaign, that the emperor gave him 
a regiment of dragoons. After the fiege of Vienna was 
railed, he ferved in Hungary under the command of the 
duke of Lorrain and the eledfor of Bavaria. 1111691, he 
was fent with a body of troops into Piedmont, where he 
relieved Coni befieged by tlie French, and took Carmag¬ 
nole. Still augmenting his reputation by new fervices, 
he was appointed, in 1697, to the command of the impe¬ 
rial army. In the month of September of that yeaf he 
entirely defeated the Turks at the battle of Zenta, 
where the grand-vizier and more than twenty thoufand 
men were left upon the field, and the grand-leignor was 
obliged to make a precipitate retreat with the broken 
relics of his army. Eugene had hazarded this engage¬ 
ment contrary to the exprefs orders of the imperial 
court ; but he fo well juftified his conduct, that Leopold 
gave him a written authority to aCl thenceforth according 
to his own judgment. In the Spanifh fucceffion-war he 
was fent, in 1701, to command in Italy agairift Catinat. 
He forced the French poll at Carpi, and obliged Catinat 
to retreat beyond the Oglio. Villeroi, who came from 
court to fuperfede that general, attacked Eugene in his 
entrenchments at Cliiari, blit was repulled with confider- 
able lofs. In the enfuing winter, Eugene, obtaining admif- 
fion into Cremona by ftratagem, took Villeroi prifoner, 
but an accident prevented him from keeping poffiefiion of 
the town. He was oppofed the next year by Vendome, 
with whom he fought the indecifive battle of Luzzara. 
On returning to Vienna, the emperor created him pre- 
lident of the council of war, and entrufted the military 
cheft to his difpofal. He was ftriCtly itnited with the 
other great general of the allied army, the duke of Marl¬ 
borough, and by their talents and concert, they obtained 
a decilive fuperiority over the French in Germany. Eu¬ 
gene commanded the imperial part of the army at the 
famous battle of Hochftet or Blenheim, fought in 1704. 
See the article England, p. 703 of this volume. In 
1705 he underwent a repulfe in Italy from Vendome, at 
the bloody action of CalTano; but whatever reputation 
he might lofe in this campaign, he fully jegained in the 
E U G 
next, when, by a molt extraordinary march acrofs Lom¬ 
bardy in the face of a French army, he penetrated to 
Turin, then clofely befieged, attacked the French in 
their entrenchments, and obtained a complete victory, 
which fecured the duke of Savoy, and reftored all the 
Milanefe to the emperor. In 1707 he made good his 
menace of one day re-entering France without permiffion, 
by joining the duke of Savoy in an invafion of Provence 
and Dauphine. Toulon was befieged, but without fdc- 
cefs ; and finally the invaders were obliged to quit the 
country after having done no more than infult the pride 
of Louis, and defolate a barren diftriCt. Eugene, in 
1708, refumed the command of the imperialifts in'Flan- 
ders, and partook with Marlborough of the victory at 
Oudenard, and the capture of Lifle. In the next year 
he commanded the center at the bloody battle of Mai- 
plaquet. He continued for fome enfuing campaigns to act 
in Flanders ; and when the change of politics in the Eng- 
lifli court prepared a peace and the downfal of Marl¬ 
borough, he went to London for the ptirpofe of fupport. 
ing the war party. He was received with much applaufe 
and admiration by the public, but was unable to change 
the refolutions of the cabinet; and he returned to finith 
the war alone. He took Quefnoi, but upon the whole 
he was fully matched by Villars, who took his magazines 
at Marchiennes, and difconcerted the whole plan of the 
campaign. After making all poffible exertions to fup- 
port the arms of the emperor, who obftinately continued 
the war after the defection of his allies, the prince com¬ 
menced a negociation with Villars, which produced the 
peace of Raftadt in 1714. But the repofe of Eugene 
was fhort. The hoftilities committed by the Turks on 
the frontiers of the empire called him forth to command 
a powerful army affembled by the emperor Charles VI. 
With this he paffed the Danube, and gave a defeat to the 
grand-vizier at Peterwaradin in 1716. The next year he 
undertook the fiege of Belgrade ; when the Turks came 
with a vaft army to its relief, and inverted him in his 
camp. He buffered them to approach near, and then, 
fuddenly quitting his lines, fell upon them with fuch 
vigour and effeCt, that he killed twenty thoufand men, 
and poffeffed himfelf of their cannon and all their camp 
equipage. This victory was followed by the immediate 
furrender of Belgrade ; and the advantageous peace of 
Paffarowitz in 1718 was the confequence of his brilliant 
fucceffes. After this period he retired to Vienna, co¬ 
vered with glory, and loaded with recompences of every 
kind, worthy of one who.was juftly confidered as the 
faviour of the empire, and the greateft benefactor to the 
houfeof Auftria. He employed his fortune-in cultivat¬ 
ing the fine arts and patronifing letters, and difplayed no 
lefs magnanimity in peace, than he had done heroifm in 
war. He died at Vienna in 1736, at the age of feventy- 
three. 
EUGE'NIA, f. [Named from Prince Eugene of 
Savoy, who was a proteCtor and encourager of botany,, 
and poffeffed a botanic garden. ] In botany, a genus of the 
clafs icofandria, order monogynia, natural order of 
hefperideje, (myrti, JuJf.) The generic characters are 
—Calyx: perianth one-leafed, fuperior, elevated in the 
middle into a ftibvillofe little ball, four-parted : divifions 
oblong, obtufe, concave, permanent. Corolla : petals 
four, twice as large as the calyx, oblong, obtufe, con¬ 
cave. Stamina : filaments very many, inferted into the 
ball of the calyx, length of the corolla ; anthters fmall. 
Piftillum : germ turbinate, inferior; ftyle fimple, length 
of the ftamens ; ftigma fimple. Pericarpium : drupe 
four-cornered, crowned, one-celled. Seeds: nut round- 
i(h, fmooth. (This genus is not eafily diftinguifhed 
from Myrtus, except in the habit: 1, 2, 6, 7, are more 
diftinCt; but 3, 4, 5, approach nearer to Myrtus. Swartz.) 
—EJJcntial Character. Calyx four-parted, fuperior; petals 
four ; drupe one-feeded, four-cornered. 
Species. 1. Eugenia malaccenfis, or broad-leaved eu- 
genia: leaves quite entire; peduncles branched, lateral. 
Thi* 
