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64 
ancients, a kind of (hoes common to men and women. 
The eumaridcs were ufed for pomp and delicacy, being 
nea f , and painted with various colours. 
EU'ME, a river or Spain, which runs into the Bay of 
Corunna. 
EUME'LUS, aTen of Adrnetus, king of Pherm inThef. 
faly. He went to the Trojan-war, -and had the fleeted 
horfes in the Grecian army. He diftingiti fhed himfelf in 
the games made in honour of Patrochis. Homer .—One of 
the Bacchiadae, who wrote, among other things, a poetical 
hiftory of Corinth, B. C. 750. Paufanias. 
EUME'NF.S, a man’s name. 1 Macc. 
EU'MENES, a celebrated general in the army of 
Alexander, the fon of a charioteer. Reconquered Paph- 
lagonia, and Cappadocia, of which he obtained tire go¬ 
vernment, till the powerand jealoufy of Antigonus obliged 
him to retire. He joined his forces to thofe of Perdiccas, 
and defeated Craterus and Neoptolemus. Neoptolenrus 
peri fired by the hands of Eumenes. When Craterus had 
been killed during the war, his remains received an ho¬ 
nourable funeral from the hands of the conqueror ; and 
Eumenes, after weeping over the alhes of a man who 
once was his deareft friend, fent his remains to his rela¬ 
tions in Macedonia. Eumenes- fought againft Antipater 
and conquered him ; and after the death of Perdiccas his 
ally, his arms were directed againft Antigonus, by whom 
he was conquered A. U. C. 433, chiefly by the treacher¬ 
ous conduft of his officers. This fatal battle obliged him 
to aifband the greateft part of his army to fecure himfelf 
a retreat; and he fled only with 700 faithful attendants, 
to a fortified place on the confines of Cappadocia, called 
Nora, where he was finally befieged by the conqueror. 
He Supported the fiege for a year with courage and refolu- 
tion, but tome difadvantageous (kirmiflies fo reduced 
him, that his foldiers, grown defperate, and bribed by the 
offers of the enemy, had the bafenefs to betray him into 
the hands of Antigonus. The conqueror, from fliame or 
remorfe, had not the courage to vifit Eumenes ; but when 
he wasafked by his officers, in what manner he wifhed hint 
to be kept, he anfvvered, “ keep him as carefully as you 
would keep a lion.” This fevere command was obeyed ; 
but the afperity of Antigonus vanifhed in a few days, and 
Eumenes, delivered from the weight of chains, was per¬ 
mitted to enjoy the company of his friends. Even Anti¬ 
gonus hefitated whether he fhould not reftore to his liberty 
a man with whom lie had lived in the greateft intimacy 
while both were fubfervient to tiie commands of Alexan¬ 
der ; and thefe fecret emotions of pity and humanity were 
not a little increafed by the petitions of his fon Demetrius 
for the releafe of Eumenes. But fear and ambition pre¬ 
vailed ; for when Antigonus recollected what an adtive 
enemy he had in his power, fie ordered Eumenes to be 
put to death in the prifon. Such was the end of a man 
who raifed himfelf to power by merit alone. His fkill 
in public exercifes firft recommended him to the notice of 
king Philip ; and under Alexander, his attachment and 
fidelity to the royal perfon, and particularly his military 
accompliftiments, promoted him to the rank of a general. 
Even his enemies revered him ; and Antigonus, by wliofe 
orders lie periftied, honoured his remains with a fplendid 
funeral, and conveyed his alhes to his wife and family in 
Cappadocia. 
EU'MENES I. and II. kings of Pergamus. See the 
article Pergamus. 
EU'MENES, a celebrated orator, born at Autun in 
Gaul. He was long a profeffbr of rhetoric in that city, 
where he acquired a great reputation. He is faid alfo to 
have been fecretary to the emperors Maxirnian and Con- 
ftantius, and he was much efteemed by Conftantine the 
Great. He pronounced a panegyric before the latter 
prince at Treves in 309, and again harangued him in the 
name of the inhabitants of Autun, in 311. He pronounced 
an oration before the prefect of Lyonnefe Gaul in favour 
of the reftoration of the public fchools in that province, 
towards which he generoufly offered to contribute his 
1 
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falary, which he eftimates at a fum amounting (if the 
reading* be accurate) to three thoufand pounds fteriing 
per annum. This muft probably have included his fa, 
lary of fecretary as well as that of profeffbr. He died 
about the middle or the fourth century. The remains of 
bis orations are printed in the P ane.gy rici Feteres. 
EUME'NIA, a city of Phrygia, built by Attalus in 
honour of his brother Eumenes. 
EUMEN IDES, a name given to the Furies by the 
ancients. They are fabled to have fp.rung from the drops 
ot blood which flowed from the wound which Coelus re¬ 
ceived from his fon Saturn. According to others they 
were daughters of the Earth,and conceived from the blood 
of Saturn. Some make them daughters of Acheron and 
Night, or Pluto and Proferpine. According to the melt 
received opinions, they were three in number, Tifiphone, 
Megara, and Alefto, to which fome add, Nemefis. Pin- ' 
tarch mentions only one called Adraffa, daughter of Ju¬ 
piter and Neceffity. They were fuppofed to be the 
miniffers of the vengeance of the gods, and therefore ap¬ 
peared ftern and inexorable ; always employed in punch¬ 
ing the guilty upon earth, as well as in the infernal 
regions. 1 hey infiifted their vengeance upon earth by 
wars, peftilence, and diflenfions, and by the lecret flings 
of confluence ; and in hell they punifhed the guilty by 
continual flagellation and torments. They were alfo 
called Furiae and Erinnyes. Their worfhip was alnioft 
univerfal, and people prefumed not to mention their 
names or fix their eyes upon their temples. They were 
honoured with facrifices and libations, and in Achaia they 
had a temple, which when entered by any one guilty of 
crime, fuddenly rendered him furious, and deprived him 
of the ufe of his reafon. In their facrifices, the votaries 
ufed branches of cedar, and of alder, hawthorn, fafFron, 
and juniper ; and the vifcdims were generally turtle doves 
and fheep, with libations of wine and honey. They were 
generally reprefented with a grim and frightful afpeft, 
with a black and bloody garment, and ferpents wreathing 
round their head inftead of hair. They held a burning 
torch in one hand, and a whip of fcorpions in the other, 
and were always attended by terror, rage, palenefs, and 
death. 
EUMENI'DIA, f. Feftivals in honour of the Eume- 
nides, called by the Athenians Seou, venerable god- 
deffes. They were celebrated once every year with facri¬ 
fices of pregnant ewes, with offerings of cakes made by 
the mod eminent youths, and libations of honey and wine. 
At Athens none but free-born citizens were admitted, 
fuch as had led a life the moft virtuous and unfullied. 
Such only were accepted by the goddefs, who punifhed 
all forts of wickednefs in a fevere manner. 
EUME'TOS,yi In natural hiftory, a done which if 
laid under the head was fuppofed to aillurb the fancy and 
occafion ftrange dreams. Phillips. 
EUMOL'PIDAi, the priefts of Ceres at tiie celebration 
of her feftivals of Eleufis. All caufes relating- to impiety 
or profanation were referred to their judgment, and their 
decifions, though occafionally fevere, were confidered as 
generally impartial. The Eumolpidae were defeended 
from Eumolpus, a king of Thrace, who was made prieft 
of Ceres by Erechtheus king of Athens. He became fo 
powerful after his appointment to the priefthood, that he. 
maintained a war againft Erechtheus. This war proved 
fatal to both ; Erechtheus and Eumolpus were both kil¬ 
led, and peace was re-eftablifhed among their defendants, 
on condition that the priefthood fhould ever remain in the 
family of Eumolpus, and the regal power in the houfe of 
Erechtheus. The priefthood continued in the family of 
Eumolpus for 1200 years; and this is ftill more remarka¬ 
ble, becaufe he who was once appointed to the holy office, 
was obliged to remain in perpetual celibacy. Paufanias. 
EUMOL'PUS, a king of Thrace, fon of Neptune and 
Chione. He was thrown into the fea by his mother, who 
wifhed to conceal her fliame from her father. Neptune 
faved his life, and carried him into Ethiopia, where he 
was 
