68 
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green colour. The flowers come out at the end of May, 
or the beginning of June, in fmall bunches from the fide 
of the dalks on (lender peduncles. The petals are whitifli, 
and fpread in form of'a crofs. Though mod of the flow¬ 
ers have four damens, a four-parted calyx, and four pe¬ 
tals to the corolla ; yet it may be ranged in this clafs, 
with its congeners, from the primary flower, which has 
five ftamens, a five-parted calyx, and five petals. The 
capfule is turbinate, fwelling out like a cufhion, or the 
old-fafhioned clerical cap, four-grooved ; barked with a 
foft red membrane, coriaceous, four-celled, and four- 
valved. Partitions fattened to the middle groove of the 
valves. Seeds fixed, without any receptacle to the cen¬ 
tral angle of the cells ; they are folitary, or very rarely 
in pairs, ovate-globular, fmooth, involved in a flefhy- 
fpongy aril, which is perforated in the part oppofite to 
tlie navel, fixed to the dorfal band of the feed, and faf- 
fron-eoloured; the feeds are pale flefh or rofe-coloured. 
The fruit ripens in October, at which time the feed-vef- 
fels fpread open and expcfe the feeds, which being of 
a beautiful red colour, tiiefe fhrubs make then a good 
appearance. 
From its ufe for fkewers it has the name of prkk wood, 
and is called by Gerarde prick-timber tree. It is called alfo 
toufc-bcrry , dogwood, Jkewer-wood, and gatteridge-tree \ by 
which latter names it is confounded with cornus fan- 
guinea. In German it is named fpindelbavm ; in Swedifh, 
aider-, in Danifh, beenved; in Italian, fufaggine-, in French, 
j'ufain, bonnet de pretre-, in Spanifli, bonctcro, bonete de clerigo ; 
m Portuguefe, barrete de clerigo-, in Ruffian, merejliletiana, 
hi/lianka, fzoida, Jtdlini berefdren. The wood is ufed by 
the mufical-infhrument makers : for fkewers and tooth¬ 
picks the branches fliould be cut when the flirub is in 
blofTom, for it is then tough, and not eafily broken -, in 
that (fate it is alfo ufed by watch-makers for cleaning 
watches. According to Linnaeus, lcine, goats, and flieep, 
eat it, but horfes refufe it. No animal, however, feems 
to browze upon it but the goat. The berries are faid to 
be fatal to flieep; they vomit and purge violently: pow¬ 
dered and fprinkled upon the hair, they dedroy lice. 
2. Euonymus latifolius, or broad-leaved fpindle-tree : 
mod of the flowers five-ftamened ; bark fmooth ; pedun¬ 
cles filiform, cylindric, many-flowered; leaves fharply 
ferrate ; angles of the capfules fharp. This rifes with 
a fironger (fern than the firfi, and grows to a larger fize. 
Native of An Aria, Hungary, and mod of the fouthern 
parts of Europe. This was feldom feen in England, till 
Mr. Miller procured it from France; and it is now be¬ 
come very common in the nurferies. 
3. Euonymus vermcofus, or warted fpindle-tree: dow¬ 
ers four-damened ; bark warted ; peduncles filiform, cy¬ 
lindric, with about three flowers. This differs from the 
two former, in having the dem and branches warted, the 
upper furface of the petals covered with a pile confiding 
of very fmall teats; the antlieras rounded, and placed 
upon their pyramidal filaments like the cap of a mtifli- 
room ; a rajfed tubercle fupporting each filament; the 
receptacle variegated, with red dots; no dyle, but indead 
of it a digma like a bladder; tlie capfule more flatted at 
the top, the furface a little wrinkled, and as broad as 
long; the feeds half black. Native of Audria and Car- 
niola ; flowering in May and June. 
4. Euonymus atro-purpureus, or purple-flowered fpin¬ 
dle-tree: flowers four-damened; peduncles compreded, 
many-flowered ; fligmas four-fided, truncate. This is a 
native of the northern parts of Ada, and is a dmib about 
fix feet high, with an afn-coloured bark, fmooth, and free 
from tubercles. 
5. Euonymus Americanus, or evergreen fpindle-tree : 
alt the flowers five-cleft, leaves fedile. This rifes with 
a fhrubby ftalk to the height of eight or ten feet, dividing 
into many branches, which come out oppofite from the 
-joints of the dem. Leaves lanceolate, two inches long, 
and about three quarters of an inch broad in the middle, 
ending in acute points; they are oppofite, and continue 
\ 
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green all the year. The flowers are produced at the ends 
cf the branches, and alfo from the (ides, in fmall cluders ; 
and are fucceeded by round capfules, which, are clofely 
armed'with rough protuberances. Tt flowers in July, but 
feldom produces ripe fruit in England. This, being are 
evergreen flirub, merits a place in every curious garden, 
and particularly in all plantations. There is a variety in 
the'nurferies with variegated leaves. 
6 . Euonynjus tobira, or fmall Japan fpindle-tree: flow¬ 
ers five-cleft; leaves oblong, retufe, entire. Stem fhrubby, 
upright, leaflets, branched, fcarcely a fathom in height. 
Brandies alternate, round, upright, leaflefs. Branch- 
lets alternate, upright, green, fmooth, leafy. The whole 
plant is fomewhat milky. Native of Japan, where it 
flowers in May. 
7 . Euonymus Japonicus, or Japan fpindle-tree: flowers 
four-cleft; leaves ovate, obtufe, ferrate. Stem flmibby,- 
ftrict, afh-coloured, naked, a fathom in height. Branches 
oppofite, from upright fpreading, green, but little leafy. 
B'ranchlets decudate, leafy, fhort, green. The flowers 
appear in June and July, and the fruit ripens in Novem¬ 
ber and December. Native of Japan. 
8 . Euonymus Chinenfis, or Chinefe fpindle-tree : dem 
fcandent; leaves three-lobed ; peduncles many-flowered. 
Native of China, beyond the fuburbs of Canton. It does 
not agree very well with this genus, but may remain here 
till a better place be found for it. • 
Propagation and Culture. The four fird forts may be 
propagated either by feeds or layers ; if by feeds, they 
diotild be fown in autumn, foon after they are ripe; then 
the plants will come up the fpring following; but if the 
feeds are not fown till fpring, the plants will not appear 
till the following fpring, whereby a whole year is loft. 
The feeds diould be fown upon a fhady border, where 
they will fucceed better than when they are more expofed 
to the fun. When the plants come up, they will require 
no other care but to keep them clean from weeds till the 
following autumn, when, as foon as their leaves decay, 
the plants fliould be taken up and tranfplanted into a 
nurfery, in rows two feet diftant, and the plants one foot 
afunder in the rows; in this place they may remain two 
years, and then they may be removed to the places where 
they are to remain. When propagated by layers, the 
young dioots diould be laid down in autumn ; and if the. 
joint which is laid deeped in the ground is flit, as is 
pradtifed for carnations, it will caufe them to put out 
roots much fooner than they otherwife would do; thefe 
layers will be fudiciently rooted in one year to bear tranf- 
planting, when they diould be taken from the old plants, 
and treated in the fame way as the feedlings. The cut¬ 
tings of thefe forts, planted in a fhady border, will take 
root, but they diould be planted in autumn, as foon as 
their leaves begin to fall ; they diould be the (hoots of 
the fame year, with a knot of the former year at the bot¬ 
tom. The fifth fort, which grows naturally in North 
America, is fo hardy as rarely to fuffer by cold in Eng¬ 
land, provided it is not planted in places very much ex¬ 
pofed. This may be propagated by laying down the 
young branches in the autumn, obferving to tongue them 
in the fame manner as is pradtifed in laying of carnations: 
thefe will have made good roots in one year, when they 
may be cut from the old plants, and planted in a nurfery 
for two years to get drength ; after which, they diould 
be planted where they are dedgned to remain. The reft 
have not yet been introduced into cultivation. See Cea- 
NOTHUS, CELASTRUS, RHODODENDRON, SPIR^SA, and 
T RICHTLIA. 
EVO'RA, or Elvora, a city of Portugal, and capital 
of the province of Alentejo ; faid to have been founded 
by the Phoenicians, and walled round by Sertorius, vyho 
ftipplied the town with water by means of a beautiful 
aquedudt. The fortifications at prefent are twelve baf- 
tions, and two half badions. In 1540, it was eredled into 
an archbidiopric by pope Paul III. and the fird prelate 
founded an univerfity. It contains five churches, feveral 
hofpitalS;, 
