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EUPHRA'TES, a river of Africa, in the country of 
Whidah, on the Have coaft. 
EUPHRA'TES, of Alexandria, a ftoic phildfopher 
in the fecond century, who was the friend of Dio and 
Apollonius Tyanaeus, by whom he was introduced 
to Vefpafian. According to the teftimony of Epicte¬ 
tus, Pliny the younger, and Eufebius, he was univer- 
lally efteemed for his talents and virtues. In conformity 
with the principles of his feft, when he found his (Irength 
worn out by difeafe and old age, he voluntarily put an 
end to his lite, after he had obtained permifiion for fo do¬ 
ing from the emperor Adrian, in the year 118. 
EUPHRA'TES, the reputed founder of a religious 
feet in the fecond century, who are fometimes called 
Ophians, or Ophites, and fometimes Serpentinians. The 
accounts which are given by ancient vvriters'of the opi¬ 
nions of Euphrates, are very different and contradictory. 
‘Epiphanius, Auguftin, and John Damafcenus, reprefent 
him to have borrowed his notions from the Nicolaitans 
and Egyptian Gnofiics; to which he added the particu¬ 
lar tenet, that the ferpent, by which our firft parent was 
deceived, was either Chrift himfelf, or Sophia, i. e. wif- 
dom, concealed under the form of that animal, and that 
lie was the occafion of all the knowledge which men had 
received upon earth. 
EU'POLIS, an Athenian writer of comedy, flourifhed 
440 years before Chrift. Horace and Qruntilian join the 
name of Eupolis with thofe of Cratinus and Ariftopha- 
nes, as the principal writers of this clafs. His comedies 
appear to have been chiefly of a political cad, and their 
popularity was more owing to the warmth of their invec¬ 
tive than to the graces of their ftyle. In his comedy of 
the “ Baptaj” he fo feverely fatirifed the effeminate li- 
centionfnefs of his countrymen, that Alcibiades, who 
was more peculiarly attacked, is faid to have hired affaf- 
fins to throw him into the fea as he was eroding the Hel- 
lefpont with the Athenian forces on an expedition againd 
the Lacedaemonians. It is proved, however, that he 
wrote feveral comedies after this period, and jElian re¬ 
lates that he died in yEgina. Paufanius mentions his 
tomb on the banks of the yEfopus in Sicyonia. Some 
fragments only are remaining of the works of this writer. 
EUPHROS'YNE, In heathen mythology, one of 
the three graces. 
EUP'NCEA, [ev, well, and ttvew, Gr. to breathe.] 
With phyfieians, the natural power of refutation, the 
faculty of breathing with eafe. 
EV'RAN, a town of France, in the department of the 
North Coafts, and chief place of a canton, in the didrift 
of Dinan : one league and a half fouth of Dinan, and fe- 
ven eaft-fouth-eaft of Lamballe. 
EURE, a river of France, which rifes near Pontgoin, 
in the department of the Eure and Loire, palles by Cour- 
ville, Chartres, Maintenon, Louviers, &c. and joins the 
Loire, a little below Pont de l’Arche. 
EURE, a department of France, bounded on the north 
by the department of the Lower Seine, on the ead by the 
department of the Oife, on the fouth by the departments 
of the Eure and Loir, and the Orne, and on the wed by 
the department of the Calvados ; it takes its name from 
the river Eure, which erodes it : Evreux is the capital. 
EURE and LOIR, a department of France, bounded 
on the north-wed by the department of the Eure, on the 
ead by the department of the Seine, and Oife and the 
I.oiret, on the fouth by the departments of the Cher and 
Loiret, and the wed by the departments of the Orne and 
the Sarte. It takes its name from the rivers Loir and 
Eure, which w'ater it: Chartres is the capital. 
E'VRE, or Yetre, a river of France, which empties 
itfelf into the Cher by two dreams, one near Vierlon, 
the other at Bourges. 
E'VRECY, a town of France, in the department of 
ihe Calvados, and chief place of a canton, in the didrift 
of Caen : two leagues and a half fouth-wed of Caen. 
EVRE'GNIES, a town of Flanders; nine miles north- 
tionh-wed of Tournay. 
EUR 
EV'REMOND (Charles de St. Denis), born at St. 
Denis le Guad in Normandy, in 1613. He was educated 
for the law ; but be preferred the army. A military life 
however did not hinder him from cultivating polite lite¬ 
rature ; and he fignalized himfelf by his politenefs and 
wit as much as by bis bravery. The king made him 
a marefchal de camp, and gave him a penfion of 3000 li- 
vres per annum. He ferved under the duke of Candale 
in the war of Guienne; and in Flanders, till the fufpen- 
fion of arms was agreed on between France and Spain ; lie 
afterwards accompanied cardinal Mazarine when he went 
to conclude the peace with Don Lewis de Haro, the king 
of Spain’s firft minifter. He wrote, as he had promifed, 
a long letter to the marquis de Crequi, of this negocia- 
tion; in which he ftiowed, that the cardinal had facri- 
ficed the honour of France to his own private intereft, 
and rallied him in a very fatirical manner. This letter 
falling into the hands of the cardinal’s creatures fome 
time after his death, was reprefented as a ftate crime, and 
he was obliged to fly to Holland. He had too many 
friends in England to make any long ftay in Holland ; and 
therefore pafled over into this country, where he was re¬ 
ceived with great refpeft, and admitted into friendlhip 
with feveral perfons of diftinftion. Our Charles II. gave 
him a penfion of 300I. a-year. He had a great defire to 
return to his native country; and after the peace of Ni- 
meguen, wrote a letter in verfe to the king of France for 
leave, but in vain. Upon the death of Charles, he loft 
his penfion, notwithftanding king James had fhown him¬ 
felf extremely kind to him. The revolution proved ad¬ 
vantageous to him. William III. who had known him 
in Holland, gave him fubftantial marks of his favour. 
He died of a ftrangury in 1703, aged 90; and was in¬ 
terred in Weftminfter-abbey, where a monument is erefted 
to his memory. There .have been many editions of his 
works ; but the beft is that of Amfterdam, in 1726, in 5 
vols. nmo. to which is prefixed his life by Dr. Des 
Maizeaux, who has alfo given an accurate Englith tranf- 
lation of them in 3 vols. 8vo. 
EURIP'IDES, one of the moll eminent of the Greek 
tragedians, born before Chrift 480, in ‘the ifleof Salamis, 
whither his father Mnefarchus, an Athenian, and his 
mother Clito, had retired for refuge ngainft the invafion 
of Xerxes. The condition of his family is not well 
known, but his education appears to have been truly li¬ 
beral, for he attended the leftures in rhetoric of Prodi- 
cus, and received inftruftions in morals from Socrates, 
and in phyfics from Anaxagoras. The pefftcution un¬ 
dergone by the latter for his opinions is faid to have dif- 
gufted him with the purfuit of philofophy, and to have 
turned his attention to the ftage; yet a ftrong tincture of 
the maxims of the fchools is oblervable in his dramatic 
compofitions. He began to write at the age of eighteen, 
and paffed his life in that occupation ; for the number of 
his pieces is dated by fome at feventy-five, by others at 
ninety-two. They do not appear to.have been very (Ink¬ 
ing on the theatre, fince it is faid that no more than five 
of them gained the prize at the Olympic games ; yet it is 
certain that tiiey were highly efteemed, and that many 
palfages from them were impreffed upon the memory 
of his countrymen. Of this faft an iiluftrious and af- 
fefting example was given after the unfortunate termi¬ 
nation of the Athenian expedition agaift Syracufe. Se¬ 
veral Athenian captives obtained kind treatment from the 
Sicilians, and refcued thernfelves from want and mifery, 
by going about from place to place, repeating the verfes 
of Euripides. The poet had the fatisfaftion to receive 
their perlonal acknowledgments upon their return. He 
was engaged in conftant rivalry with his feliow-citizen 
Sophocles, who divided with him the palm of tragedy ; 
and their emulation, as too frequently has happened, dege¬ 
nerated into declared enmity. Euripides was twice mar¬ 
ried, but he enjoyed little domeftic felicity with either of 
his wives. To this circumftance may be attributed thofe 
frequent ftrokes againd the female (ex in his pieces, 
which gave him the title of woman-hater. His life was 
rendered 
