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EUR 
north of Scotland is the Deucaledonian Sea of lire an¬ 
cients which, being confidered as extending into and 
tl'.rougliout the Baltic, was alfo ftiled the Sarmatian. 
To the north of Europe is the AnStic Ocean, the folitary 
refervoir of myriads of miles of ice; the very fkirts of 
which, floating in enormous mountains, crowned with 
brilliant pinnacles of every hue, delight the eye and appal 
the heart of the mariner. Yet this enormous watte is, in 
the hand of Providence,, a fertile field of provitions for 
the human race. Here the vaft fltoals of herrings feem to 
feek a refuge from their numerous foes, and to breed their 
millions in fecurity. 
To- enumerate the fmaller gulfs, the (heights, and other 
minute diverfities of the feas, would be fuperflnous, as 
they are belt fiudied under Geography ; but the large 
banks or flioal?, Aippofcd to be ridges of fubmarine moun¬ 
tains, and which are frequently the refort of cod and 
other fitli, deferve particular attention. The Goodwin 
bands, off the. coaft of Kent, are indeed rather dangerous 
to the mariner, than inviting to the fiflier ; but on the 
coaft of Holland there are many banks which fupply ex¬ 
cellent fifh, as turbot, foal, plaice, &c. Further to the 
north is the extenfive Dogger-bank, ftretching fouth-eaft 
and north-weft ; beginning about twelve leagues from Flam- 
borougb-hcad, and extending near feventy-two leagues 
towards the coaft of Jutland. Betw-een the Dogger and 
the Well Bank, to the fouth, are the Silverpits of the 
mariners, which fupply London with cod, a fifh which 
loves the deep water near the banks, while the flat fifh 
delight in the (hallows. The Ore and the Lemon lie be¬ 
tween thefe banks and the Britifh (bore's. To the north- 
eaft of the Dogger-bank is the HornrifF, a narrow ftrip 
extending to Jutland ; the Jutts-riff is a fand-bank ftretch¬ 
ing, like a crefcent, from the mouth of the Baltic into 
the German fea. The Mar Bank begins oppofite to Ber¬ 
wick, but is only about fifteen miles in length. Further 
to the eaft extends the I.ong Fortys, of great extent, from 
Buchan Nefs to Nevvcaftle ; and from forty to one hun¬ 
dred miles diflant from the (bore. From the coaft of 
Buchan a bank alfo reaches acrofs the German fea to¬ 
wards the Jutts-riff.' What are called the Montrofe Pits, 
as being in the latitude of that town, though to the eaft 
of the Long Fortys, are hollows, from three to four miles 
in diameter, from feventy to one hundred fathom deep, 
with a (oft muddy bottom, in a bank of gravel about fifty 
miles long, under forty fathom of water. In the open 
Atlantic the lar'geft bank. is that of Newfoundland; and 
there is a confider.ible bank to the weft of the Hebudes, 
abounding with cod and otiier fifh. 
The chief rivers of F.urope are deferibed under the 
refpective countries through which they flow. Of the 
Volga, far- the greater part is included in Europe ; the 
Danube is the next in extent ; and is followed by the 
Dnieper, or Nieper ; the Rhine, and the Elbe. The mod: 
elevated mountains are the Alps, properly f'o called, 
which are followed by the Pyrenees, and the extenfive 
ridge which divides Norway from Sweden. The Carpa¬ 
thian mountains, and the chain of Emineh, or Haemus, 
are, with the Appennines, of inferior extent and height. 
For tIre particular deferiptions of thefe grand and immove¬ 
able features of nature, which have only attracted atten¬ 
tion within thefe few years paft, fee under their refpedtive 
titles in this work. 
The kingdoms and ftates of Europe may be confidered, 
1. As defpotic monarchies, as thofe of Rufiia and Turkey; 
2. Abfolute monarchies, as Spain, Denmark, &c. or, 3. 
Limited monarchies, as the empire of Germany, united 
kingdom of Great Britain, &c. Since the fall of Venice, 
and the fubverfion of Swifferland and Holland, f'carcely 
an example occurs of permanent and fixed ariftocracy, or 
the hereditary government of nobles. Of democracy, or 
more ftridly (peaking, elective ariftocracy, a few cities, 
and fome Swifs cantons, may preferve a fembla.nce ; while 
France, at the prefent hour, is a military defpotifm, un¬ 
der the name of the Gaulic Empire, 
Vol. VII. No. 410. 
8,‘i 
The nations of Europe confift of, 1. The united king- 
doms of Great Britain and Ireland. 2. France. 3. Kullia. 
4. The Andrian dominions. 5. Thofe of Pruflia. 6. 
Spain. 7. Turkey. 8. Holland, or the United Provinces, 
now the Batavian Republic. 9. Denmark. 10. Sweden. 
11. Portugal. 12. Swifferland. 13. The ftates of Ger¬ 
many; and, 14.'Thofe of Italy. The kingdoms of Sicily 
and Sardinia, though fliakcn to the-centre, muff never- 
thelefs be noticed as important diftridls in Europe. See 
the hiftory of thefe nations brought up to the prefent ' 
time, under their refpective heads in this Encyclopaedia. 
EUROPE'AN, ad). Belonging to Europe. 
EUROPE'AN, J. A native of Europe; an inhabitant 
of Eiurope. 
EUR'OPI AS, f. In natural hiftory, a precious (lone of 
a black colour. 
EURO'TAS, a foil of I.elex, father to Sparta, who 
married Lacedaemon. He was one of the firft kings of 
Laconia, and gave his name to the river which flows near 
Sparta. Apollodorus .—A river of Laconia, flowing by 
Sparta. It was called by way of eminence, Bafi/ipotamos, 
the king of rivers, and vvorfliipped by the Spartans as a 
powerful god. Laurels, reeds, myrtles, and olives, grew 
on its banks in great abundance. Strabo .—A river in Thef- 
faly, near mount Olympus, called alfo Titas'c/us. It joined 
the Peneus, but was not fuppofed to incorporate with it. 
Pliny. 
EUR'VILLE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
tridl of St. Diz.ier : five miles fouth-eaft of St. Dizier. 
EU'RUS, /". A wind blowing from the eaftern parts of 
the world. The Latins fometimes called it Vulturrvs .— 
Kurus, as all other winds, nuid be drawn with blown 
cheeks, wings upon his (boulders, and his body the co¬ 
lour of the tav/ny moon. Pcachum. 
EURY'A, f. [from evgve, latus, broad.] In botany, a 
genus of the clafs dodecandria, order monogynia. The 
generic charafters are—Calyx : pecianthium five-leaved ; 
leaflets ovate, concave, obtufe, fmooth ; furronnded at 
the bafe with a two-leaved fimilar calycle, one-third 
only of the fize of the calyx. Corolla: petals five, 
roundifh-ovate, concave, the fize of the calyx ; nectary, 
dots or a purple rim, at the bafe of the filaments. Sta¬ 
mina : filaments thirteen, very fliort, fo as to be fcarcelv 
any ; anthene upright, four-1 tiffed, alrnoft the length of 
the corolla. Piftillum : germ fuperior, convex, fmooth; 
fly 1 e fubulate, fliorter than the antherae ; ftigmas three, 
reflex. Pericarpium : capfule globular, with the fty-le 
permanent, fliarp, fmooth, fivc-ceiled, five-valved. Seeds: 
fixnewhat three-cornered, dotted, numerous .—FJ/intial 
Character. Calyx five-leaved, calycled ; corolla five-pe- 
talled ; (lamina thirteen ; capfule five-celled. 
Eurya Japonica, or Japan eurya, a Angle (uecies. All 
parts of tlie plant are fmooth ; llem fhrubby ; branches 
and twigs alternate, lax, from upright bent in, afii-co- 
loured ; leavesam the twigs alternate, frequent, petioled, 
elliptic or oblong, drawn to a point at both ends, ferrate, 
a little turned back at the edge, entire at the bafe, very 
fmooth, thickifh, ever-green, in two rows, upright, with 
an emarginate point, nerved, the upper furface green, but 
underneath yellowifh, an inch or more in length. It 
flowers in September and Oilobcr. Native of Japan. 
EURY'ALE, in mythology, one of the Gorgons, 
daughter of Phorcys, and After of Medufa : (he was fabled 
to be fubjedt neither to old age nor death. 
EURY'ALUS, one of the Peloponnefian chiefs, who 
went to the Trojan war with eighty (hips. 'Homer .—A 
Trojan who came with EEneas into Italy, and. rendered 
himfelf famous for his immortal friend (hip with Nifus. 
Virgil. 
EURYAN'DRA, f. [from eveyc, wide, and uvr,r, male; 
the filaments or male organ of ’the plant being "dilated, 
ef’pecially at the tip. ] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
polyandria, order trigynia, natural order of coadunatas, 
(tnagnolice, JuJJ'.) The generic charaflers are—Caly-x : 
Z perianthiuni 
