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refemblance of the courts of juftice to the buffi, where, 
unto while the Cheep flies for defence from the weather, 
lie is fore to lofe part of the fleece. Bacon. — I will alfo 
make thy officers peace, and thine exaClers righteoufnefs. 
ifaiali. — He that demands by authority. — Light and 
lewd perfons, efpecially that the exaCler of the oath did 
neither ufe exhortation, nor examining of them for taking 
thereof, were eafily fuborned to make an affidavit for 
money. Bacon. —One who is I'evere. in his injunctions or 
his demands.—No men are prone to be greater tyrants, 
and more rigorous exaClers upon others, than fitch whofe 
pride was formerly leaf! difpofed to the obedience of law¬ 
ful confutations. King Charles. 
EXAC'TION, f. The aCt of making an authoritative 
demand, or levying by force : 
If he fliould break his day, what fliould I gain 
By the exaction of the forfeiture ? Shakefpcare. 
Extortion ; unjuft demand.—Remove violence and fpoil, 
and execute judgment and juftice ; take away your ex¬ 
actions from my people. Ezek. xlv. 9.—A tribute feverely 
levied.—They have not made bridges over the river for 
the convenience of their fuhjeCts as well as (trangers, who 
pay an unreafonable cxaClion at every ferry upon the lead 
ufing of the waters. Addifon on Italy. 
EXAC'TION in law, is a wrong done by an officer, or 
one in pretended authority, by taking a reward or fee for 
that which the law allows not. The difference between 
•exaCtion and extortion is this : extortion is where an offi¬ 
cer extorts more than his due, when fomething is due to 
him; and exaflion is, when he vvrefts a fee or reward, 
where none is due ; for which the offender is to be fined 
and imprifoned, and render to the party twice as much as 
the money he fo takes. Co. Lit 368. 
EXACT'LY, adv. Accurately; nicely ; thoroughly.— 
The religion Chriitians profefs is fuch, that the more 
txaClly it is fifted by pure unbiafled reafon, the more rca- 
fonable (fill it will be found. Atterbury. 
EXACT'NESS, f. Accuracy; nicety; drift confor¬ 
mity to rule or fymmetry.—The balance mull be held by 
a third hand, who is to deal power with the utinoft exaCl. 
nefs into the feveral fcales. Swift. 
In wit, as nature, what affeCfs our hearts 
Is not th’ exaClnefs of peculiar parts ; 
’Tis not a lip, or eye, we beauty call, 
But the joint force and full refult of all. Pope. 
Regularity of conduct; (friCtnefs of manners ; care not to 
deviate.—I preferred not the outward peace of my king¬ 
doms with men, before that inward exaClnefs of confidence 
before God. King Charles. 
EX'ACUM, f. [derivation unknown.] In botany, a 
genus of the clafs tetrandria, order monogynia, natural 
crder of rotaceas, (gentianae, JuJf.) The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx: penanthium four-leaved; leaflets 
ovate, obtufe, form ereCt-fpreading, permanent. Corolla: 
one-petalled, permanent; tube globofe, length of the ca¬ 
lyx ; border four-parted ; divifions roundifh, fpreading. 
Stamina: filaments four, filiform, fitting on the tube; 
length of the border; anthers; roundifh. Piftillum: germ 
roundifh, filling the tube ; flyle filiform, upright, length 
of the border; (figma headed. Pericarpium : capfule 
roundifh, comprelfed, two-furrowed, two-celled, length 
of the calyx. Seeds: numerous, receptacle filling up 
the capfule.— EJJential Character. Calyx four-leaved ; co¬ 
rolla Elver fltaped, with an inflated tube; capfule two- 
furrowed, two-celled, many-feeded, burfting at the top. 
Dcjcription. This genus differs from Gentiana, accord¬ 
ing to the obfervation of Vahl, in little elfe befides the 
number of ftamens. Dr. Smith, however, rematks, that 
it differs from Gentiana in not having a cloven Ityle ; 
from Swertia in the want of honey-bearing pores; front 
Chlora in not having a four-cleft ftigrna, as well as in the 
number of the parts being widely different; from Lifian- 
tuhs in not having its ftigrna formed of two flat plates; 
and from Chironia in its ftraight, not fpirally twifted, 
antherte. Probably many plants referred by Linnaeus to 
the laft genus may belong to this. Although thefe plants 
are removed from the fifth clafs to the fourth, yet fome 
of the fpecies h ive five parts in the fructification. 
Species. 1. Exacttm albens, or white exacum : leaves 
fubdecurrent, ftamens protruded. Root annual ; ftem 
a hand’s breadth high, dichotomous, herbaceous, four- 
fided, fmooth, faftigiate. It has the appearance of Gen¬ 
tiana centaui'ium. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 
where it was obferved by Sparrmann. 
2. Exacum pedunculatum, or peduncled exacum : flow¬ 
ers four-cleft, terminating; calycine leaflets ovate; leaves 
lanceolate, three-nerved, undotted. Stem upright, a palm 
in height, four-cornered, with acute angles, branched, 
very fmooth, as is the whole plant; branches few, Am¬ 
ple, oppolite, (horter than the ftem. It has the habit of 
Chironia trinervia; but differs in lize, in having a four- 
cleft corolla, and four ftamens. It differs widely from 
E. albens, with which the younger Linnaeus has joined 
it, in his Supplement. Native of tire Eaft Indies. 
3. Exacum aureum, or golden exacum : leaves feftile, 
ftamens protruded. Has the appearance of Gentiana cen- 
taurium. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
4. Exacum feftile, or feftile exacum : flowers four-cleft, 
lateral, and terminating; capfules nodding; leaves heart- 
(haped. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
5. Exacum cordatum, or cordate exacum : flowers five- 
cleft; calycine leaflets heart-fhaped, ftriated. Plant like 
Chironia trinervia, but the flower blue. It has alfo the 
appearance of Gentiana centaurium. Native of the Cape. 
6. Exacum Guianenfe, or Cayenne exacum: corollas 
four-cleft; calyxes membranaceous-keeled, even ; leaves 
lanceolate. The plant is often fcarcely a finger’s height, 
with a ftem either quite Ample or very little branched, 
and quite fmooth, upright, and fharply four-cornered. 
Native of Cayenne. 
7. Exacum fpicatum, or fpiked exacum : flowers fpiked 
in whorls of threes, leaves lanceolate, ftem (imple, her¬ 
baceous, two feet high, ereft, quite (imple, except that 
fometimes there are two flowering branches from the laft 
axils, obfcurely four-cornered, without decurrent lines, 
fmooth, as is alfo the whole plant, very fmooth. The 
flowers have the very fame habit with the other fpecies, 
nor do they feem to have any character different from this 
genus, (except in having the ftigrna formed of two flat 
plates, as in Lifianthus.) The lower part of the ftamens 
is falfely reprefented as diftinft from the filaments in 
Aublet’s figure. There is no neftary, except we regard 
the arch formed by the upper converging margins of the 
filaments as fuch. Native of Cayenne. 
8. Exacum ramofum, or branched exacum : flowers 
fubfpiked, oppolite; leaves lanceolate; ftem branched. 
The whole plant is fmooth. Stem erect, flightly four- 
cornered by four very (lender decurrent lines; branches 
oppofite, iimple. Native of Guiana. 
9. Exacum punftatum, or dotted exacum : leaves on 
very fliort petioles, oblong, three-nerved, dotted ; ftamens 
protruded. This is larger than the other fpecies. Leaves 
as in Hypericum, glandular, dotted ; corolla bluifti ; 
ftamens yellow. Native of the Eaft Indies ; obferved by 
Kdnig. 
10. Exacum vifeofum, or vifeous exacum: leaves 
oblong, nerved, embracing; flowers five-cleft; braftes 
heart-lhaped, perfoliate, longer than the calyx. Root 
perennial. Found by Mr. Francis Maflon in the Canary 
iflands, and introduced in 1781. 
Propagation and Culture, fee Gentiana. 
EXAL'MA.f. [from t|, ex, and atpa, Janguis ; exanguis.'] 
A total privation of blood. Hence examos differs from 
thofe called leiphaimoi. 
EX^ERE'SIS, J. [from e |, out of, or away, and caqu, 
Gr. to remove. ] That department of furgery which con- 
fifts of removing fuperfloities. 
To EXAG'GERATE, v. a. \_exaggero } Lat.] To heap 
upon ; 
