23 3 
FARR 
an union with the extenfor of the paftern ; and growing 
broader, and enveloping almoft the whole front of the 
coronet, it finally terminates on the anterior eminence of 
the coffin-bone. Thefe two muftles ferve to bring the 
three bones of the foot forward ; and are, when compared 
with the flexor, difproporticnably (mail.; for the weight 
of the horfe operates as a powerful extenfor of this part, 
and renders great mufcttlar power unnecefiary. 
The ferforatus fublimis mufcle takes its attachment by 
fleffiy and tendinous fibres to the internal condyle of the 
humerus; uniting with the perforans near the knee, it 
forms a flrong tendon, which, at (he hack of the knee, 
within the concavity of the portcarpal bone, is received 
within a flrong ligamentous gt-QOve, palling down the 
thank behind the tendon of the perforans ; at the pattern 
it forms a remarkable ligamenfary rinnulus for the recep¬ 
tion and paflage of the perforans tendon, expanding into a 
broad flat tendon at the back of the pattern, and, covering 
the perforans, it divides, forming two tendons which pais 
obliquely over the joint, and terminate on the upper part 
•of the coronet. The perfifans, or profundus, is a conlider- 
able mufcle, rifing with tire former, and lying more inter¬ 
nally ; it will admit of divifion into three parts. This 
ruulcle is fiefliy till it reach's the kree, when it forms a 
flat tendon joined by tire flexor poftremus cuhiti, and 
radial is tendons infer'ted into a flat fmootli cartilage tin- 
cler the os portionni, forming here,a large cylindrical 
tendon; when about halfway down the fhank, it is join¬ 
ed by a ligament from the poflerior part of that bone; 
arriving at the fetlock, it piffles 1 , through the aim,ulus of 
t he pet foratus, and continuing between its divided tendon, 
terminates by a broad flat tendon on the inferior furface 
■ of thecoffin-bone, being covered by the frog. The. ad~ 
fiitorius is a fiat mufcle lying clofe to the radius, and filling 
the hollow on the poflerior part of that bone; it foon be¬ 
comes tendinous, uniting with the tendon of the perforans. 
The mufcles of the abdomen, allowing for the magni¬ 
tude and depending pofition of this part in the horfe, are 
much refembling thofe'of tlie human; as will become 
more obvious by a reference to the article - Anatomy, in 
our firrt volume. Thefe are : Obliquus interims : rectus 
-atbdominus : tranfverfalis, See. 
The principal mufcles of the back are: Intcrcortales 
externi: i’emifpinalis, and fpinalis dorfi : longiflimus 
coifl : faorol urn baits, &c,’ 
The mufcles of tlie neck and head are : I.atiflimus colli : 
flerno mafloidaeus : coraco hyoidvetis : fterno hyoidacus : 
tranfverfalis : traclielo mafloidaeus : red!us interims major 
capitis: intertrans verfales ntinoj es colli : longus. colli : 
fplenius: rtcrno-ihy voidteus : hyothyroidams : ciico-thy- 
roidaeus : conflrictor pharyr.gis inferior: redlus capitis 
po..icus major, and minor : obliquus capitis fuperior, and 
inferior: itnertranfverfarii pofleriores colli : interverte- 
brales : multifidi fpiuae : fpinalis cervicis : dilatator na¬ 
rium labiique fu peri oris : dilatator narium anterior : or¬ 
bicularis oris : nalaiis longus labii fuperioris : matfeter : 
buccinator: ciliaris : mufculus alae narium at praecipue 
conclue narium inferiori pertinens: mufculus temporis : 
mufculi minuti menfbranam pituitarium retralientes : 
mufculus caninus ; depreflbr labii inferioris: rctradtor 
iabii inferioris. 
Mufcles of the eye : Attolens : deprimens : adducens : 
abducens : obliquus fuperior, and inferior : trochlearis : 
glans tliyroidaea : glans parotidsea : dudhis falivx : alae 
narium ; feptum narium. See the article Anatomy, 
vol. i. p.568, 
The different motions of the pcflerior or hind extremity 
of the horfe are performed by about thiriy-two mufcles, 
viz. fifieen proper to the thigh ; three (o extend, three 
to bend it, -four termed aclduEiors, five called relators. 
Two common to the thigh and leg ; one 10 bend and 
turn them.inwards, one to extend and turn them outwards; 
Eight proper to the leg ; three exUnfors, tw o-flexors, three 
addiiElors. Twp proper to the hock and fliauk.; one to 
Vol. VII. No. 422.' 
I E R Y. 
the os ea/a's, called an extenfor, arid the other to the ante¬ 
rior fide of tire head of the fhank, called its (lexer. One 
to the coronet, bending it backwards. Four to the foot; 
one flexor , one extenfor, and their lateral mufcles, one to 
each. Thefe mufcles of the hind extremity, areasfollow : 
Th e glutaus externus, the mod exterior of ail the mufcles 
of the buttock, and of a fmall fize: it extends from the 
fecond and third fpinous proceflesof the os facrum to the 
anterior angle of the inferior ramus of the ilium, where it 
joins the fafeia lata ; from thence it extends to the precedes 
recurvatus externus of the thigh. This mufcle is fur- 
rounded on all tides by aponeurofis ; that on its fuperior 
parr, covering over the mufcles of the rump, is affixed 
to the fpinous procefles of the loins ; the aponeurofis of 
its poflerior part pafl'es underneath the facro'ibialis ex¬ 
ternus, to which this mufcle is contiguous in parting to the 
external curved procets c;f the thigh ; it is an abduftor. 
Tit e g/utaius-medius, is a very large mufcle, which lies im¬ 
mediately under the preceding, occupying great part ot 
the upper furface of the ilium ; it takes its rite by a point 
on the lumbar mufcles, growing more fiefliy as it reaches 
the ilium ; it takes a flrong adherence, by fleihy fibres, 
to the external angle of the inferior ramus; after parting 
the ilium it becomes (mailer, and dividing itfelf into two 
bodies, one terminates on the fuperior poflerior trochanter, 
the other by a very flrong tendon on the inferior external 
trochanter, which is covered by the tendon ot the exter- 
nal glutaeus. Its tile is to draw back tiie thigh, and to 
advance the body upon it. The g/utaus parvus, i.s a fhort 
.flrong mufcle, lying immediately over the joint; it takes 
attachment round the poflerior ramus of the ilium ; palling 
over the head of the femur it fills the anterior concavity 
formed by the fuperior trochanter of the thigh. It ope¬ 
rates in the combined effect of extending the thigh ; and 
its pofltion is that of an abductor. 
The pfoas magnus, on removing the intertines from the 
abdomen and the peritoneum, prefents itfelf to view, and 
is a very beautiful mufcle. It is attached to the intide 
of the two lafl ribs, and to the tranfverfe apophytes of 
the lumbar vertebrae ; parting to the edge ot the pelvis 
it joins the iliacus, and is with it inferted into the little 
trochanter, running between the iliacus major and minor: 
it is rather deprefled at its origin, but becomes.cylindrical 
and pointed going to its termination ; near its infertion, 
it is confined by a ligament which binds it and the iliac 
mufcles in their (ituation. The iliacus major, takes attach¬ 
ment to the whole inferior ramus of the ilium, growing 
cylindrical, and tapering as it is joined to the pfoas mag- 
nus, palling with it through Poupart’s ligament to the 
little trochanter of the thigh. The iliacus minor, takes 
its rife from the infide of the firrt facral apophyfes, all 
the length of the poflerior ramus of the ilium ; parting 
over the head of the femur, it terminates with the pfoas 
and iliacus on the little trochanter; it permits the pfoas 
to pals between it and the iliacus major, and might be 
■confidered as a portion of the latter ; it is connected by 
aponeurofis with the mufcles which line the pelvis. Thefe 
three lafl mufcles have all the power of bending the 
femur ; the two lafl on the pelvis, the pfoas on the loins, 
bending both femur and pelvis. 
The adduElor pectineus, is a cylindrical mufcle, which 
makes its appearance on the infide of the thigh ; the in¬ 
teguments being removed, it takes its rife on the os pubis, 
near the fymphylis, attached to the fame ligament with 
the rectus abdominis ; it terminates along with the ad¬ 
ductor magnus, about half way down the infide of the 
thigh, or rather on the back part of this bone. The 
adduElor magnus, divides into three dirtindt mufcles; taking 
atiachment to the fympbyrts pubis, it’ extends down to 
.the poflerior and inner part of the thigh, and fends oft' 
another portion, which is attached to the tibia, or rather 
to the joint of the femur and tibia by a flat tendon. The 
adduElor brevis, lies immediately underneath the former, 
an-d is of a linear figure, rifing on the os ifehium near the 
36. edge 
