2.04 FARR 
edge of the foramen ovale ; it takes an oblique direction, 
and terminates on the pofterior flat part of the thigh, on 
the back of the poflerior trochanter. The tenforiu's, or 
mujculus fafcice lata, is confidered by fome as a mufcle of 
the leg ; by others of the thigh ; in this animal, however, 
it is common to both. This mufcle often varies in figure, 
but is generally of a triangular fiiape, formed of two or 
three flelhy bodies, the fuperior point of the triangle is 
affixed to the os ilium on the external angle of its inferior 
ramus, its poflerior point is affixed to the proceffiis recur, 
vatus femoris with the glutaeus externus, with which it 
forms an intimate union ; its inferior part terminates by 
aponeurofis, which covers all the mufcles of the infide 
the thigh and its anterior part, extending alfo over the 
patella and tibia. 
The other mufcles of this extremity are, Obturator 
externus: obturator internus: pyramidalis: articularis: 
gemelli: vaftus externus: vaftus internus : vaftus ante¬ 
rior: adduCtor gracilis: adduCtor fartorius : poplitalis: 
biceps cruris: femitendinofus: adductor magnus femoris: 
tibialis anticus : tibialis internus: gaftrocnemius : linea¬ 
ris, feu tibialis externus : extenfor Brevis pedi: extenfor 
longus pedis : peroneas: perforatus: perforans: perforuns 
minor.—See all the mufcles amply defcribed under Ana¬ 
tom y, vol. i. p.561-579. 
The principal layer of the mufcles, after the panniculus 
carnofus is removed, prefent themfelves to view, as deli¬ 
neated in the annexed Farriery Plate III. of which the 
following is a defcription, with their Engliftt names.— 
Fig. 1, the lateral dilator of the noftril and upper lip. 
Fig. 2, the anterior dilator of the noflril. Fig, 3, the or¬ 
bicular mufcle of the mouth. Fig. 4, the long nafal 
mufcle of the lower lip. Fig. 3, abductor of the upper 
lip. F'ig. 6, abduCtor of the lower lip. Fig. 7, bucci¬ 
nator mufcle. F'ig. 8, mufcle which draws down tire 
lower eye-lid, the orbicular being removed. Fig. 9, 
mufcle which draws down the eye-ball. Fig. 10, raifer 
of the eye-ball. Fig. it, adductor of the eye. Fig. 12, 
abduCtor of the eye. F'ig. 13, mafleter mufcle. Fig. 14, 
the flerno-maxillary, or martoidxus mufcle. I'ig. 15, the 
fplenius. Fig. 16, the rhomboides. Fig. 17, appendages 
of the broad ferrated mufcle. Fig. 18, latiffimus colli. 
Fig. 19, the truchnea-arteria. Fig. 20, flerno-hyoidosus. 
F'ig. 21, the trapezium. Fig. <22, the broad dorfal mufcle. 
F'ig. 23, i’upra-fpincfa. F'ig. 24, elevator of the ihoulder- 
blade, or l'capula. F'ig. 25, tire fub-fpinofa. Fig. 26, 
the long abduCtor of the fcapula. Fig. 27, the long ex- 
tenfor. Fig. 28, the broad extenfor. Fig. 29, middle 
extenfor, of the brachial mufcles. Fig. 30, edges of the 
broad ferrated nmfcles. F'ig. 31, part of the flefliy fibres 
of the great oblique mufcle. F'ig. 32, the great peCtoral. 
Fig. 33, aponeurofus which covers the fore-arm, ariling 
from the extenfor mufcles of the humerus. Fig. 34, ex¬ 
tenfor of the coronet-bone. Fig. 35, extenfor of the flunk 
or cannon-bone. F'ig. 36, fhort flexor of the radius. F'ig. 
37, the cubital mufcle. F'ig. 38, external flexor of the 
foot-bone. Fig. 39, common ligament of the knee. Fig. 
40, interoffeum, or flexor tendon of the pattern. F'ig. 41, 
tendon of the flexors of the foot-bone. F'ig. 42, ligament 
of the fetlock. F'ig. 43, digitation of the long ferrated 
mufcle. Fig. 44, digitation of the great oblique mufcle, 
uniting with the long ferrated mufcle. Fig. 45, glutaeus 
medius, or great flexor of the buttock.. F'ig. 46, the long 
abductor of the leg. F'ig. 47, abduCtor medius. F'ig. 48, 
part of the fafeia lata. Fig. 49, the crural. F'ig. 50, the 
vaftus externus mufcle. Fig. 51, fhort abduCtor or the 
leg. F'ig. 52, flexor of the ham. Fig. 33, flexor gracilis 
of the foot-bone. Fig. 54, gemelli. Fig. 55, great flexor 
of the foot-bone. Fig. 55, extenfor gracilis of the ham. 
F'ig. 57, flexor of the ham. Fig. 58, annular ligament. 
I'ig. 59, ligament of the ham. F'ig. 60, extenfor tendon 
of the coronet-bone. F'ig. 61, flexor tendon of the paf- 
tern. F'ig. C 2, tendon of the flexors of the coronet-bone. 
Fig. 63, ditto of the cannon-bone. Fig. 64, elevator 
mufcle of the tail. Fig. 65, deprelfor mufcle of the tail. 
I E R Y. 
Of the ARTERIES and VEINS. 
The motion of the blood, which commences with the 
firft quickening of animal life, and fubfides only by its 
diflblution or death, is carried on and conduced through 
the medium of thefe veflels, which have their origin in 
the heart. Thus the blood paffes through the aorta, from 
the left ventricle of the heart, to the extreme parts of the 
arterial branches; from whence the whole mafs is tra-nf- 
mitted into the (mailed veins, which convey it to the 
larger, and from them into the vena cava, and fo back 
through the right ventricle to the heart again; in which 
courfe it perpetually goes and returns during life, for the 
nouri fitment of the whole mufcular fyflem. The phyfio- 
logy of this curious and wonderful operation of nature, 
the foie property of animal exiflence, is fully explained 
in our firft volume, p. 609 ; as are the veflels tliemfelves, 
p. 624-628"; it is therefore only requifite in this place to 
fliew their fituation and order in the (truCture of the horfe, 
for the information and government of the veterinary prac¬ 
titioner, and which we have correctly done in the annexed 
F'arriery Plate IV. 
Fig. x, the aorta afeendens. Fig. 2, the aorta defeen- 
dens. F'ig. 3, the venae cavas. Fig. 4, the .brachial ar¬ 
tery and vein. Fig. 5, the jugular and carotid veins. 
Fig. 6, the arteries. Fig. 7, the bifurcation of the jugu¬ 
lar vein. Fig. .8, the vela palati. Fig. 9, the foll'ae na- 
fales. F'ig. 10, the entrance to the larynx. F'ig. xi, 
portion of the bale of the tongue. F'ig. 12, xadial artery 
and vein. Fig. 13, cutaneous radial vein. F'ig. 14, 
cubital artery and vein. Fig. 15, middle radial vein, 
F'ig. 16, cannon arteries. Fig. 17, cannon veins. Fig. 
18, pattern artery and vein. Fig. 19, coronary artery and 
vein. Fig. 20, branches of the lungs. Fig. 21, ramifi¬ 
cation of the pulmonary artery. F'ig. 22, ramification of 
the pulmonary vein. Fig. 23, pulmonary vein. Fig. 24, 
diaphragmatic vein. Fig. 25, the aefophagus, uniting 
with the ftomach. Fig. 26, tire cardiac orifice. Fig. 27, 
the pylorus, uniting with the duodenum and mefentery. 
F'ig. 28, principal trunks of the anterior mefenteries. 
F'ig. 29, lumbar artery and vein. Fig. 30, emulgent ar¬ 
tery and vein. Fig. 31, the fpermatic veirels. F'ig. 32, 
the ureter. Fig. 33, vena verecundia externa. Fig. 34, 
canalis deferens. Fig. 33, fpermatic artery and vein. 
F'ig. 36, ‘crural artery and vein. Fig. 37, tibial nerve. 
Fig. 38, tibial artery and vein. 
Of the NERVES. 
Nerve is the organ of fenfe and touch, whereby thofe 
■ fenlations called pain and pleafurc, with all their conco¬ 
mitant or intermediate affections, are communicated to 
the fenforium of the living animal. Thefe nerves confift 
of a feries of beautiful white cords, which proceed from 
the cerebrum, cerebellum, and Fpinal marrow, and are 
fpread over all parts of the body, by filaments and ramifi¬ 
cations. Each nervous cord may be confidered as a mem¬ 
branous veil'd, the cavity of which is filled by a great 
number of longitudinal fepta/and by medullary filaments 
which lie between the fepta. The whole of the nerves, 
therefore, arife from one common fource, namely, the me¬ 
dullary fubftance ; and are interwoven in every mufcle, 
veil'd, and bone, and tints unite the confent of parts in 
every animal body, fo as to produce an, uniform and vigo¬ 
rous mode of aCtion, vvhenfoever needful, for the various 
purpofes to which animal life is occafionally directed. By 
means of this curious and delicate organization, the nerves 
are highly fufceptible of impreffions from various ftimuli, 
which are inftantaneotvfly tranfmitted to the central part, 
the cenfor turn commune. Flence it Is, that when the horfe 
is (truck with the whip, or pierced by the fpur, as a fti- 
mulant to greater aCtion, the ftroke does not affeCt that 
part only on which it is'applied, but operates to the pro¬ 
duction of a greater or (mailer degiee of frefh vigour, in 
every other part of the animal fyflem. 
An hypothefis has been hazarded by the late ingenious 
C. V. do Samuel, profeflyr in the veterinary college of 
London, 
