W6 F A R R 
nerves i (Thing from the encephalon, with their various 
ramifications, ganglions,- &c. are corredtly delineated. 
Fig. 1, a portion of the orbit - , with part of the bafe of the 
(hull, which envelop.; the four'firft pair of nerves. Fig. 2, 
cord of the fifth pa’r. Fig. 3, tiie fixth pair, (liewing 
their inofculationS with the fifth. Fig. 4, the feventh 
pair, or auditory nerves. Fig. 5, 6, and 7, (hew the ori¬ 
gin of the eighth, ninth, and tenth, pair. Fig. 3 , the re¬ 
current branch. Fig. 9, branch of the tenth pair leading 
to the intercoftals. Fig. 10, intercoftal ganglion. Fig. ji , 
another branch of the tenth pair, i fining from between the 
cervical vertebra;, and proceeding to form part of the 
plexus pulmonaritis. Fig. 12, branch of the eighth pair, 
aefcenJing t 1 the diaphram. Fig. 13, the aorta. Fig. 
14, branch of nerve. Fig. 15, bundle of nerves uniting ; 
among which are the intercbft.il, brachial nerves. Fig. 
16, anterior mefenteric plexus. Fig.’ 17, branch from 
the dorfal nerves, uniting with the inteicofhd, and help¬ 
ing to form that plexus. Fig. iS, branch from the fame 
inofculation, contributing . to the polterior mefenteric 
plexus. Fig. 19, another branch of the dorfal and inter¬ 
coftal nerves, contributing to form tiie renal plexus, 
Fig. 20, branch produced from the lumbar nerves, con¬ 
tributing to form the renal plexus, at fig. 21. Fig. 32, 
branch from this plexus going for diftribution into the 
pelvis. Fig; 23, the large nerve, which fuppprtsthe pe- 
riftaltic motion of the intertines, which' are litre laid 
bare. 
The thirty-feveri pair of fpinal nerves are diftinguifited 
into fets,or divifions, according to the vertebra; frpm be¬ 
tween which they pals put. Their origin being from the 
fpinal marrow, which commences from the brain, the 
firft fet are confequently from the vertebrae of tiie neck. 
Thefe fend out (even pair, called cervical nerves ; eighteen 
pair from the vertebrae of the back, called dorfal nerves'- 
fix pair-from the vertebrae of the loins, called lumbar 
nerves ; and (ix pair from the osfacruni, or falfe vertebrae, 
&c. Thofe of the neck, or cervical nerves, are difperfed 
partly on the mu (cl es of the face, partly on the miifqles 
of the neck itfelf, and partly on the (boulders and fore 
legs; which particular brandies are thence termed bra¬ 
chial nerves. Branches, likevvife, of the third cervical 
pair, uniting with the fecond, and iiiofculating with tiie 
fourth pair, produce the branch called the phrenetic nerve, 
which, afterpafting over the pericardium or capfuia of the 
heart, is finally loft in the centre cf the diaphram. 
The eighteen pair of dorfal nerves, palling out on each 
fide the vertebrae of the back, give branches to all the 
mufeles of the trunk, to the diaphram, and abdominal 
vifcera. They likewife fend branches to join the in ter- 
coftals, by which means a communication is made among 
them all. The lumbar nerves likewife communicate with 
the intercoftals, and with each other; and give out 
branches to the mufeles of the loins. Branches frpm 
thefe nerves likewife form a plexus, from which a trunk 
runs along the forepart of the pelvis, and to the pfoas 
rnufcle ; another branch partes to the integuments inlide 
the thigh, whence it acquires the name of the pofterior 
crural nerve. The three firft pair from the os facruni or 
falfe vertebras, called by Lafofte /acred nerves, uniting 
with branches from the lumbar nerves, form t he '/duties, 
or ifchiatic nerves. Thefe, after fending nerves to the 
pelvis, and to the externa! parts of the penis, or puden¬ 
dum nuiliebre, form a plexus on the rump, fending out 
large branches over the buttocks, mufeles of the hips, 
and all the back parts of the thigh. A little above the 
ham, it fends off the anterior crural branch over the 
fibula, and, finking among the mufeles on the external 
part of the thigh and leg, palies the coronary ring, and is 
finally loft in the fenfible frog of the foot ; where the in¬ 
jury it is apt to receive from ignorant farriers, not unfre- 
quently produces incurable lamenefs. 
In Plate VI. we have given' a correct delineation of the 
fpinal nerves, whereby their ramifications and union with 
the interior branches, may be eafiiy afeenained. Fig, 1, 
the brain laid bare. Fig.'2, the upper or' hinder pan'of 
I E R Y. 
.the brain. .Fjg r 3, -its union with the fpinal marrow. 
Fig, 4,- the fpinal marrow laid open, the covering .of the 
dura mater being diffedted away. Fig. 5, the diviiion or 
fet of cervical nerves, the three laft of which produce the 
brachial nerves. Fig, 6, the dorfal fpinal marrow, pro¬ 
ducing the eighteen pair of dorfal nerves. Fig. 7, tire 
lumbar fpinal marrow, producing tlie lumbar nerves. 
Fig. 3 , the facred nerves, fo called as arifurg from the os 
facruni, and producing tiie fciatics. Fig. 9, the pofterior 
crural nerve. Fig. 10, the anterior crural nerve. Fig. 
11, the fame ramifying over the external part of the thigh 
and leg. 
For the pathology confequent upon injuries and rup¬ 
tures of the nerves, with their more particular offices and 
divifions, fee the article Anatomy, vol. i. p. 633-636. 
Be'ides the arterial, venal, and nervous, yeffels or fyf- 
tems, there yet remains another of confiderable import¬ 
ance to be delcrihed, namely, the lymphatic, or abforbent 
fyftem. The veffels proper to this, fyftem, are termed 
lymphatics, or ab/prbents, becaufe they abforb or take up 
that milky juice or pure effence of the aliments, called 
lymph or chyle, and convey it into the blood. The ab- 
forbents, ex c hi five of the glands, confiftof three arrange¬ 
ments, viz. the la&cals, which accompany the intestinal 
tube ; the lymphatics, which accompany the external ar¬ 
teries ; and the thoracic duel or relervoi.r of the chyle, 
which receives.the contents of both the lacteals and lym¬ 
phatics, and then conveys it to the blood,, duly elaborated, 
by opening into the circulating mafs, at the angle formed 
between the jugular, and (ufclaviap, veins. The arrange¬ 
ment of the lymphatic veffels is extreniely curious and 
beautiful; confiding of a (uperficial fet, and of another 
more deeply feated. The fupetficial confifts of nume¬ 
rous veffels difpofed between tire'hide and the firft layer 
of mufeles,anaftomofing with the cellular membrane. The 
deep-feated lymphatics Ihape their courfe beneath the 
mufeles, and accompany the arteries by adhering clofely 
to their (Ides'. One order of thefe veffels is appropriated 
to the fore extremity ; another to the body or trunk of 
the animal ; and a third to the hind or pofterior extremity ; 
and they are always difcoverable on carefully differing 
the part. 
Tlte thoracic dudt, which receives the chyle, is of con¬ 
fiderable magnitude in the horfe, lying on the aorta at the 
Joins, but as it paifes forward towards the thorax, it,dips 
lower beneath the furfuce, palling alrnoft under the aprtfu 
It is l'malleft in the middle, and enlarging, towards each 
end. Where it enters the vena cava, or rather the yeftej 
formed by the union of the jugular and fubclayian veins', 
it forms a large round head or cyft, and is provided with a. 
valvular apparatus to prevent the return of the chyle, or 
the blood from entering the daft. Toward tiie loins it 
adheres ftrongly to the coats of the aorta, and lower do-yvn 
is embraced by the tendon of tiie diaphragm,; it then en¬ 
larges, and palling upon and by the fide of the lumbar 
veins, difebarges itfelf by feveral openings into them, 
which openings are alfo provided with valves. 
The beautiful and admirable conftruction of all thefe 
feparate and diftindt fyftems of veffels ; their intimate Con¬ 
nection with the mu feu lar fibre, and marrow of the bones ; 
their fubferviency to the action of the nobler organs, the 
heart and the brain, for the purpofes of Curtaining animal 
life and fenfe, and of upholding them in vigour and in 
health, are fubjeifts which the veterinary furgeon is bound 
to ftudy, before he can decedt the radical caufes of the 
numerous difeafes, which have their origin in the difturb- 
ance or defeits of ahy of thefe circulating fyftems ; or be¬ 
fore iie can expedt the rank of liis profeftion, or the 
fcience itfelf, to grow into repute, or be refeued from the 
ignorant and difgraceful hands into which it has fallen. 
As a further incitement 10 thefe laudable endeavours, and 
with a view to illurtrate as much as poflible tliis beauti¬ 
ful arrangement of the animal functions in tjie horfe, we 
have added the annexed Engraving, Plate VII. calcu¬ 
lated to (hew the union of the arteries with the veins ; of 
the nerves with the mulcuiar fibre ; of the lymphatics 
with 
