243 
F ARRIER Y. 
the-cruft cannot be made to appear vafcular even by the 
fineft injection, and'are for that reafon fuppofed to be in- 
fenfible At the upper part of the fenfible foot, where 
the laminae terminate, aroundifh projedting body appears, 
which is called coronary ring ; its futface is covered with 
the extremities of numerous blood velfels, which are very 
confpicuous when injefted ; and it is from this part that 
the hoof begins to be formed. The internal foot is in im¬ 
mediate contact with the fenfible frog and foie; the for¬ 
mer perfectly refembles in fliape the horny frog, to the 
concavities of which its convexities are nicely adapted. 
From the fenfible frog and foie, the horny furface which 
compofes the external frog and foie, is fecreted ; for this 
purpofe they are fupplied with numerous blpod-vellels, 
the extremities of which, are confpkuous upon their fur- 
face; and upon removing the external coverings, thefe 
veffels prefent themfelves to view. 
When the eye is thus enabled to trace the flrong liga¬ 
ments and tendons which bind the mufcles to the foot, 
for the purpofe of maintaining its fpring and adtion ; toge¬ 
ther with the beautiful difplay of arteries, veins, nerves, 
and lymphatic velfels, which fupport life and (enfation in 
the part, the mind will be more forcibly ftruck with the 
great care and caution that ought Cver to be taken with 
this animal’s feet, as well in the important article of f 'toe¬ 
ing, as in the treatment of all difeafes to which they are 
liable. The Farriery Plate XI. is conftructed for the 
more complete il 1 n({ration of this interefling fubjedt. 
Fig. i, reprelents the inftde of the hoof or cruft of the 
foot, with the internal parts taken away : a , the lami¬ 
nated interior fubftance ; b, the groove of the coronary 
ring. Fig. 2, the inner flefliy frog and foie, which lie 
ftrft under the coffin-bone: «, the flelhy frog; b , the 
flefliy foie. Fig. 3, the fecond frog and foie, which con- 
ftitute the next layer. Fig. 4, the frog and foie, as they 
lie at the bottom of the foot, within the wall or cruft, 
having the external horny fubftance taken off. Fig. 5, 
a fedtion of the foot, to (View the order and co.nnedtion of 
the parts : a, the termination of the upper paftern-bone ; 
b, the (mail pattern; c, the coffin-bone; d, the os navicti- 
lare or nut-bone ; c, the frog ; f, the foie ; g, the wall, 
or cruft ; h, the laminated fubftance within the hoof; i, 
the flexor tendon or back finew ; /, the fenfible foot or 
foie, called the quick; m, the fatty elaftic fubftance 
which lies between the frog and the, back knew. Fig. 6, 
exhibits art anatomical preparation of the hind extremity, 
calculated to (hew the admirable firuckire and play of the 
ligaments and tendons, which give fpring and action to 
the hind foot. Part of the femur or thigh bone is (hewn 
amputated at a, where the attachment of the mufcle takes 
place, holding the tendons in foil ftretch, as in a pulley'; 
b , the flexor of the leg ; c, part of the tendon of tiie long 
abdudfor of the leg; cl, large and thin flexor of the ham ; 
e, extenfor gracilis of the ham ; f tendon of the hocl> ; 
g, annular ligament ; h , apbneuroiis arifing from the con¬ 
tinuation of the fifeia lata; i, tendon of the flexors of 
the foot-bone ; k, flexor.graciiis of the pattern bo: e ; /, 
flexor m a gnus of the pafterr\_; in, part of the fheath of the 
tendons; n, extenfor-tendon of the bone of the foot; 0, 
th.e laminated fubftance within the hoof. Fig. 7, exhi¬ 
bits an anatomical preparation of xhej'ore .extremity, cal¬ 
culated to (hew the tendons and ligaments proper to the 
fore leg and foot ; a, part of the humerus or arm ; b, the 
external lateral ligament ; c, the cubitus ; cf, ftiort flexor 
of the radius; e, part of the internal flexor cf the knee ; 
/, flexor of the coronary bone ; g, externa! flexor of the 
loot-bone ; k, internal flexor, or cubital ; i, external 
flexor of tire knee; ii, part.of the flexor of the foot ; /, 
flexor medius of the foot-bone; m, part of the common 
ligament of the knee ; n, extenfer of the cannon-bone ; 0, 
flexor of the paftern-bone ; p, ligamentous fheath ; <7, cap- 
fular ligament of the articulation of the pafiern with tire 
coronary bone ; r, ligament-which is continued to the ex¬ 
tenfor te. don of the foot-bone; s, part of the common capfu- 
lar ligament; t } ligament extending from the flexor tendon 
of the foot-bone to the paftern-bone ; v, tendon of the 
flexor of the coronary bone ; x, lateral cartilages of the 
foot-bone, which fupport the heel ; y, the laminated fub¬ 
ftance within the hoof. Fig. 8, exhibits an anatomical 
preparation of part of the cannon-bone, pattern, coronet, 
&c. calculated to (hew the union of all tire velfels in the 
foot: a , the medullary cavity of the cannon-bone ; A, ex¬ 
tenfor tendon of the paftern-bone ; c, ditto of the loot- 
bone ; d, flexor tendon of the paftern-bone ; e, ditto of 
the foot-bone ; f cannon veins ; g, cannon artery ; k, paf- 
tern artery ; i, coronary artery ; b, crural vein ; l, pattern 
vein ; m, cannon nerve ; n, pafiern nerve ; 0, nerve patting 
to the fenfible foot, proceeding from the coronary nerve ; 
p, ramification of the different velfels of the coronet.—For 
the connection of all thefe veffels with the upper parts of 
the fore and hind extremities, and thence through the 
whole fvftem, fee the Farriery Plates IV. and VII. where 
the whole of the arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics, Sec. 
are correctly laid down. 
It ftiould here be remarked, that the hones of the fet¬ 
lock joint have all a moveable articulation with the can¬ 
non-bone. Their external part affords a fmooth polifhed 
furface for the flexor tendons or back finews to (tide upon, 
and the fame ligament which compofes this furface, 
comes round the back finews, fo as to form a (heath for 
them, and keep them in their fituation. In this (heath a 
fluid fimilar to fynovia is fecreted, for the purpofe of ren¬ 
dering it fmooth and flippery, and enabling the tendon 
to move eattly upon it. As thefe bones projeCt a little, 
they ferve as a pulley for the tendons to Aide upon, and 
afford a confiderable mechanical advantage to the flexor 
nuifcles of the limb. The navicular or nut bone ferves 
as another pulley for the tendon er back finew to move 
upon : it is connected pofteriorly with the coffin-bone and 
the fntall pattern, and affords the fame kind of polifhed 
furface and fheath for the tendon as before deferibed. 
To keep the foot of a working horfe in a vigorous ftate 
of health, depends almoft entirely upon artificial manage¬ 
ment, and a judicious method of (hoeing. Indeed, it has 
been juftly remarked by Strickland Freeman, efq. in his 
fplendid work on the “ Mechanifm of the Horfe’s Foot,” 
publi filed in 1796 ; and by prufelfbr Coleman of the vete¬ 
rinary college o! London, in his “(Economy of the Horle’s 
Foot,” publifhediii 1798, “ that a proper mode of flioeing, 
is of more real importance than the treatment of any 
difeafe, or perhaps of all natural difeafes put together ;” 
■—upon this fundamental principle,—that it is much eafier 
to prevent, than to perform, a cure. A judicious mode of 
(hoeing (fays Mr. Coleman) can only he acquired by the 
functions of the frog being well underltood. If the opi¬ 
nions advanced above refpedting its ufes, be well founded, 
then it mutt follow, that paring the frog, and railing it 
from the ground by a thick-heeled (hoe, annihilates its 
fundftions, and ultimately, if not immediately, produces 
difeafe.; and that, applying a (hoe thin at the heel, and 
expofing the frog to preifure, is the only proper method 
to keep it in health. Moreover, it has been denion- 
ftrated, that unlefs the frog fulfain an uniform preifure, it 
becomes foft and inflamed, and the heels contracted : but 
it th.is organ be always kept in contact with the ground, 
as nature intended, then it will be callous, infenlible, and. 
healthy, and mod of the difeafes, incident to phe foot pre- 
vented. The lame degree of preifure applied; |b the frog, 
that produces, only p.leafant lenlation when in health, 
creates exquilite pain when d-ileafed. It is therefore of 
great importance to preferve the frog found, for when 
cut, it becomes highly fufceptible of every imprellion : 
we might with as much wifdotn remove the lkin of the 
human foot, when obliged to walk-on Hunts, without 
fltoes. 
In the common mode of (hoeing, the farrier ufually 
pares away the bars entirely, and often a part of the frog. 
This practice Mr. Coleman condemns, bec.mfe the burs 
are neceliary to preferve the heels from contraction; and 
he regards their removal as’predifpofing the foot to corns 
