250 FARR 
change, in confequence of their now being compretted. 
The animal then, endeavouring to take more air, actually 
occafions the cells to be ruptured, or fomething elfe rauil 
give way: if the cells are ruptured, the air efcapes from, 
them into the cellular membrane of the lungs, and per¬ 
haps there ails as foreign matter; at lead, it cannot pro¬ 
duce the necedary change upon the blood, when thus 
diffufed; in confequence, difficulty of breathing arifes 
from two caufes: firft, from the blood patting through 
the lungs before it has undergone its necett'ary alteration; 
and, fecondly, from the rupture of the air vettels. The 
refpiration is thus rendered flow, which is feen by the 
flanks being long in rifing up, beCaufe there is no direct 
communication with the bronchia, as in the healthy ftate 
of the lungs ; infpiration is, however, performed in a third 
of the time of expiration, which is feen by the fudden 
defcent of the flank. The lungs, from containing more 
air, are fpecifically lighter than healthy ones. 
This local difeafe does not admit of a permanent cure, 
at lead no medicine lias yet been found that could pro¬ 
duce any permanently good effect ; but a temporary re¬ 
lief may be obtained, by proper management and eafe. 
A pound or two of ttiot has been recommended to Mr. 
Coleman, as a fpecific; but, upon trial, it was found to 
produce no obvious etied : it was thought that the (hot, 
by its fpecific gravity, would incline the ftomach further 
back into the cavity of the abdomen. Upon the whole, 
it feems that the only benefit to be obtained, mutt arife 
from a ftridt attention to diet and exercife : the animal 
fhould have little hay, and water in particular mutt be 
adminittered with a very fparing hand ; thole fubflances 
which afford moll nourittiment in the leaft compals, as 
carrots, corn, fplit beans, &c. fhould be given ; the horfe 
fhould always be worked upon an empty ftomach; and, 
upon the whole, his diet fhould be fmall in quantity, but 
r.ourifhing. By attending to this method, a broken-winded 
horfe may do a great deal of work, and be ufeful to the 
owner. 
Jaundice. —This difeafe is indicated by a yellownefs 
of the eyes and mouth, dttllnefs, and laliitude; the appe¬ 
tite is generally diminifhed, the urine of a reddifh or deep 
colour. Sometimes the complaint is attended with cof- 
tivenefs, but more commonly with a purging. This dif¬ 
eafe does not often arife from an obftruttion in the biliary 
duffs, as in the human fubjeff, but generally from an in- 
creafed aftion of the liver, whereby an unufual quantity 
of bile is fecreted. Inflammation of the liver is fome- 
times inittaken for jaundice, but may be diftinguifhed from 
it by the fever and debility with which it is■ always ac¬ 
companied. When cottivenels is one of the fymptoms ot 
jaundice, give the following ball every morning, until 
moderate purging is produced ; and fupport by the horle’s 
ftrength an infufion of malt, or water-gruel. For the ball, 
take calomel, half a dram; Barbadoes aloes, one dram 
and a half ; Cattde foap, tu o drams; rhubarb, three drams; 
made up with fyrup for one dofe. 
Flatulent Cholic, Gripes, or Fret. —This dif¬ 
eafe generally attacks fuddenly, and is brought on by 
various caufes ; fometimes it is occafioned by drinking a 
large quantity of cold water when the bocty has been 
heated, and the motion of the blood accelerated by vio¬ 
lent exercife. In horfes of delicate conftitutions, that 
have been accuttomed to hot (fables and warm clothing, 
it may be brought on merely by drinking water that is 
very cold, though they have not been previonlly exercifed. 
Bad hay appears to be another cattle of the complaint ; 
but it frequently occurs without any apparent caufe, and 
tiien probably depends upon a fpafmodic affeftion of the 
ffomach or bowels, occalioning a conttriction of the in— 
teftine, and a confinement of air. The air which is thus 
confined, does not appear to be produced by fermentation 
of the contents of the bowel ; but is more probably a fe- 
cretion of the internal or villous coat, in confequence of 
I E R Y. 
its atonic ftate. The pain and uneafinefs which this dlf- 
order occafions, are fo confiderable as to alarm thofe who 
have not been accuttomed to notice its effects: but if 
properly treated, it may be eafily and expeditioufly cured. 
It begins with an apparent uneafinefs in the horfe, fre¬ 
quently pawing the litter, and making fruitlefs attempts 
to ltale; the pain foon becomes more violent, and he ex- 
prelfes by groans the pain he labours under; at length he 
lies down, rolls about the flail, and falls into a profufe 
perfpiration. The pulfe is feldom much accelerated, nor 
are there any fymptoms of fever. The difeafe will fome¬ 
times go off fpontaneoutty ; it more commonly happens, 
however, when proper remedies are not employed, that 
the air continues to accumulate, and fo diftends the in- 
teftine, as to produce inflammation of its coats : the de¬ 
tention has fometimes been fo confiderable as to rupture 
the intelline, whereby the horfe has been deftroyed. 
As foon as the difeafe is obferved, let the following 
draught be given with the utmoft fpeed ; fhould it not 
afford immediate relief, a clyfter fhould be injected, com- 
pofed of fix quarts of water-gruel or warm water, and 
eight ounces of common fait; compound the draught as 
follows : balfam of capivi, one ounce ; oil of juniper, two 
drams; fpirit of nitrous ether, one ounce; fimple mint 
water, one pint; and mix for the dofe.—Should the pain 
(fill continue, and inflammation be apprehended, give the 
following : Venice turpentine, one ounce ; mix with the 
yolk of an egg, and add gradually, peppermint water, one 
pint; fpirit of nitrous ether, half an ounce; well mixed 
for one dofe.—Good Daffey’s elixir, however, if at hand, 
affords more immediate affiftance, which in this diforder 
is of the higheft confideration ; befides that it is a fafe and 
comforting medicine. 
Apoplexy, or Staggers. —The common indications 
of this malady are, an appearance of drowfinefs, the eyes 
inflamed, and the appetite diminifhed ; the difpofition to 
deep gradually increafes, and in a fhort time the horfe is 
conftantly retting his head in the manger, and fleeping. 
The pulfe is feldom much altered, but coftivenefs, and a 
deficient fecretion of urine, commonly attend this com¬ 
plaint. Sometimes the difeafe will continue latent for fe- 
veral days; at others it affumes a formidable appearance 
very early, or even at its commencement, the horfe falling 
down and lying in a (fate of infenfibility, or in violent con- 
vulfions. Sometimes a delirium takes place, the horfe 
plunging and throwing himfelf about the (table, fo as to 
render it dangerous for any one to go near him. From 
this variety in the fymptoms, writers on farriery have di¬ 
vided the difeafe into the feeping , and the mad, (taggers. 
It has been fuppofed that the (taggers are fometimes 
occafioned by a difeafed condition of the ftomach. When¬ 
ever the complaint originates in this way, the horfe is 
generally in a ftate of debility previous to the attack, the 
pulfe is quick and weak, there is a yellownefs in the eyes, 
the ftomach confiderably diftended, the belly fwollen and 
tenfe, and refpiration much difturbed; it alfo occafions 
very acute pain, which will be ttrongly indicated by the 
animal. In cafes of this kind it mutt be obvious that 
bleeding is a doubtful remedy, and fhould not be employ¬ 
ed, tinlefs there are evident marks of congeftion in the 
brain; in which cafe bleeding has proved a fovereign re¬ 
medy, if employed with fumcient freedom, and before an 
effufion of water, extravafation, or inflammation, have 
taken place; for it appears from dittetSIion that the firft 
ftage of the complaint arifes from an accumulation of 
blood in the vettels of the brain, which impedes tire func¬ 
tions of that important organ ; and if thefe vettels are not 
relieved by copious bleeding, there will be either an ef¬ 
fufion of water in its ventricles, an inflammation of the 
membranes, or a rupture of forne blood-veffel, and con- 
lequently an extravafation of blood. Thefe are the caufes 
which give rife to thofe violent fymptoms denominated 
madfiaggers, and which frequently prove fatal. There is 
fometimes fo Ridden a determination of blood to the brain. 
