FARRIERY. 
appear the lead abraded or injured by them ; notwith. 
Handing veterinary writer's very gravely allure us, “ that 
tney have fepn cafes where the horfe has been totally de¬ 
ni oved by worms, which had entirely ulcerated the inte- 
tuorof the ftomach, and had theneaten their way through !” 
Tins, at bed, appears to have been a very great miflake \ 
and therefore, tor the cure of lots, nature’s own timely 
opeiation appears the fafeft remedy; for there is no 
doubt but the (hong corroding medicines adminiftered by 
ignorant farriers as a fpecific for worms, have brought on 
many of thofe inteftin ;1 inflammations above deferibed, 
v iHi all their fatal and irremediable confequences. 
1 he worms which really afflift the horfe, are not, 
fuiLtly fpeakiflg, infccls ; but have fexual intercourfe as 
woi ms, and live and die in the body which nature has fub- 
jeeted to them. Thefe are now known to be the follow¬ 
ing 
horfe 
i._ lbe-Ji>:o?!gylui equirus, found in the ftomach of 
es, in great numbers : the male is pale yellow, with a 
fine yellovyifh iheinbrane covering the inteftines ; tail 
three-leaved, with two fmall fpines: tlie female is diftin- 
guidled by two milk-white filiform veficles furrounding 
the inteftines. 1 hefe are the worms which fometimes 
ulcerate the villous coat of the ftomach., and not the hots. 
2. The ta.nia magnet , meafuring from twenty-fix to 
thirty inches long, quite flat, jointed, and tuberculate. 
3. _ i fie tgnifl equina, with a large fquare head, and im¬ 
bricated joints ; from ten to twelve inches long. Thefe 
two fpecies of tape-worm are found chiefly at the upper 
end of the inteftinal canal, where they are fuppofed to 
feed on the chyle and juices already animalized ; thus im- 
poverifiling the blood, and depriving the horfe of his 
moft effential nourifhment; wlience follow leannefs and 
emaciation, in proportion to the number of worms which 
one time be abforbing thefe vital juices. 
^he trtchocephalus cqui ; a fmall worm, about two 
inches and a half long ; body round, elaftic, and varioufly 
twifted ; the head furnidied with a (lender probofeis, 
y\hich it can eject or retraCt at pleafure. This'is found 
in the co?cunt ; where it is fuppofed to draw its aliment 
through its. probofeis, by plunging it into the veflels 
which line the interior coat of that intefline. 
5. 1 he afcaris cqui ; a large worm, fometimes found 
eighteen or twenty inches long, cylindrical, and as thick 
as a man’s finger; it is moftly of a pale colour, but fome- 
times marked with patches of brown ; but this might be 
a iexual difunction : the head is furnifhed with three vefi¬ 
cles or fuckers, through the central one of which it ap¬ 
pears to receive its food : its inteflines are fpiral, and milk- 
w lute, which feems to prove that it does not derive its 
liourifliment from the faeces; it inhabits the rectum, which 
accounts for its being often thrown out with the dung. 
6. The fafciola cqui, commonly called fluke or floun¬ 
der, found adhering to the veflels through which the liver 
receives its nourifhment, by a double pore, or fucker, one 
placed in its head, and the other near its abdomen ; and 
hetyce follows a gradual decay of that vifeus. It is a mere 
variety of the fluke which attacks the liver of flieep, and 
is thence fuid to occafion the rot. See the article Ovis. 
1 or a figure of it, and its natural hiftory, fee Fasciola, 
in this volume. We might here alfo mention the filaria 
cqui, which though unknown in Europe, is found in the 
cellular membrane of horfes in both the Indies ; and is a 
kind of dracun cuius, deferibed in. p. 51, of our fixth volume, 
for a figure of ill z jtlaria cqui, and its natural hiftory, fee 
f 1 laria, in this volume ; and for figures and deferiptions 
of the ftrongylus, taenia, trichoc.ephalus, &c. fee under 
each of thofe refpefitive articles in this work. 
Now all thefe worms which afiiiJl the horfe, the ftron¬ 
gylus and hot only excepted, being found in the corref- 
pondenf vilcera of man, we are led by reafon and analogy 
to conclude, that no further injury, comparatively (peak¬ 
ing, can.be derived from them to the horfe, more than to 
the human fubjefit ; and that the medicines found to be 
efficacious lor the latter, will, by a larger dole, prove 
equally efficacious for the former. If this reafoning be 
admitted, it will at once open to the veterinary practi¬ 
tioner a comprehenfive view of the eftedfts arifing from 
inteftinal worms, and direfil his mind to the choice of 
fitch anthelmintics, as, from a rational prognofis, (hall 
appear beft calculated to reach the feat of the malady. 
If thefe worms are allowed to be indigenous in the 
vifeera, which is extremely probable, feeing that they are 
found in all animals that have been carefully dille&ed,—. 
not even excepting birds, fifties, and reptiles,—we ought 
not, in that cafe, ever to fuppofe them the primary caufe 
of any difeafe. But whenever an infedled or difordered. 
flate of thofe organs take place, near which thefe worms 
exift, it is then reafonable to conceive that they will Tall 
upon the infefted part, as worms do on putrid fleftt ;.and 
if not timely prevented, will hurry on the deftruftion of 
the part, and the patient likewife. In this view their de¬ 
predations nuift be confldered as the confequence, not as the 
primary caufe, of difeafe. Many naturalifts contend, that 
fhe deftination of thefe worms, by the ali-wife Creator, is 
for the moft benevolent of purpofes, that of fuftaining 
health to the body, by abforbing or. lucking up the acri¬ 
monious particles of the food, through all the ftages in 
which fermentation takes place in the alimentary canal ; 
feeing that a different genus of worm is adapted to each 
diftinfil portion of the inteflines. On the other hand it 
lias been fuggefted, that the germ of every inteftinal 
worm, like tlie hot, is taken into the ftomach with the 
food, or by fome other infenfible means ; whence it is faid 
that the fafciola hcpatica, or fluke in flieep, is taken into 
the ftomach in its egg (late, whenever the flock is fuffered 
to feed in wet and rank paftures, or on the rotten (ides sf 
brooks, where this worm, or its egg, is faid to be thrown 
up by the frefb-water fiflt. This bypothefis feems prin¬ 
cipally founded upon the following obfervation : that 
the vifeera contained within the middle cavity, or cheft, 
namely, the heart and lungs, to which there is no accefs 
but through the trachea or wind-pipe, was never known, 
in the living fubje£t, to be a (Rifted with worms : whereas 
the ftomach and inteftines, into which the food pulfes 
thr ugh the cefoph.igus, are the only interior parts fub- 
jefted to their ravages—the liver being included in the 
lower cavity or belly. But thefe enquiries more properly 
belong to the article Helmintolog y, to which we beg 
ta refer the reader. 
There is little reafon to fuppofe that worms are ever 
deftruclive of the horfe ; but thofe likely to become 
moft prejudicial are the ftrongylus, and the tsenia. When¬ 
ever the ftomach and inteflines are in fitch a ffate as to 
have the functions of nutrition impeded by worms, the 
horfe, as in the human fubjbft, will appear thin, lean, and 
and ntiferable, in fpite of all the food that can be given. 
Amongft the great variety of anthelmintic remedies pro- 
pofed by different medical writers, none feem more to be 
depended upon than thofe which purge brifkly, in con- 
junftion with fuch as ftrengthen the chylopoeric organs. 
As all thefe worms have the faculty of attaching, them- 
felves very ftrongly to the internal coats of the vifeera, it 
is alntoft impoflible to detach them but by the quickened 
motion given to the faeces, or by fuch powerful drugs as 
may caufe them to languifh and die in the inteftines. It 
does not therefore appear that one anthelmintic can be 
much preferable to another, let the kind of worms be 
what they will, tinlefs upon the principle of giving a 
powerful ftimulus to the ftomach and inteftines, or by 
deftroying the worms in the lodgments they have taken. 
Among the moft approved of thefe fpeciftcs from vegeta¬ 
bles, are reckoned the powdered roots of fetn, ginger, 
favin, Indian pink, dolichos pruriens, aloes, wormwood, 
&c. Among the minerals, fulphur, viti iolated quicklil- 
ver, calomel, carbonat of foda, emetic tartar, and tethiop’s 
mineral. The following ball, will, on moft occalions, be 
found to anfwe-r this intention : fuccotrine aloes fix drams, 
calomel one dram, carbonat of (oda one dram, oil of 
wormwood twenty drops, powdered ginger two drams, 
with fyrup to form the ball for one dole. This may be 
given 
