FARR 
means fo frequent: as is generally fuppoled, lamenefs in 
the feet being often miftaken for it ; the difference, how¬ 
ever, is fo well marked, that an attentive_ob(erver will 
never be at a lot's to diftinguith the one front the other. 
A (boulder drain is an inflammation of fome of the muf- 
cles of the fcapula, raoli commonly thofe by which the 
limb is connected with the body. The lamenefs which 
this accident occations comes on fuddenly, and is gene¬ 
rally confidcrable. When the horfe attempts to walk, 
the toe of the affefted tide is generally drawn along the 
ground, from the pain which an extenfion of the limb 
occations; in violent cafes he appears to be incapable of 
extending it. 
The fir ft ftep to be taken is to bleed in the fhonjder or 
plate vein, then give a laxative ball, and if the injury is 
contiderable, let a rowel be opened in the clieft ; by means 
of thefe remedies, and adequate reft, the accident might 
perhaps be eatily removed. When the inflammation and 
lamenefs begin to abate, the horfe fnould be turned into 
a loofe flail, and after a week he may be fuffered to walk 
out for exercife every day ; but (hould this appear to in- 
creafe the lamenefs, it thould be discontinued. The in¬ 
tention of moderate exercife, after the inflammation is 
fubdued, is to effedhan abforption of any lymph that may 
have been effufed, and to bring the injured middles again 
into aftion. After an accident of this kind, particularly 
when it has been violent, the horfe thould not be tiled in 
any way for a contiderable time, as the lamenefs is very 
apt to recur, unlefs the injured parts have fufficient time 
to recover their ftrength. 
Strain of the Stifle. —In this cafe the ftifle joint 
will be found unufually hot, tender, and fometiines f’wol- 
len. The remedies are fomentations, a rowel in the thigh, 
and a dote of phyfic. When by thefe means the inflam¬ 
mation of the joint lias abated confiderably, and at the 
fame time the fwellingand lamenefs continue, the embro¬ 
cation for drains, or a blitter, thould be applied. All 
drains in the hock require the fame treatment ; and the 
compreftes are to be feeured by a tight bandage, but to as 
to give no impediment to the adtioa of the ham or leg, 
as delineated in the Engraving. 
Strain of the Hip Joint. —When lamenefs occurs 
in the hind extremity, the caufe of which is too obfcure 
for the farrier’s comprehenfion, he generally pronounces 
it to be a (train in the whirl bone ; when, perhaps, an in¬ 
cipient fpavin is the only caufe. In all fuch cates, there¬ 
fore, the hock joint thould be carefully examined, and if 
any unufual heat or tendernefs be obferved on the feat of 
fpavin, it is probable that the lamenefs arifes from that 
caufe, and that it may be removed by the application of 
a.blitter. Many horfes, through ignorance, are feverely 
burnt and bliftered in the hip, when the hock alone is the 
feat of the difeafe. 
Strain of the Flexor Tendons or Back Si¬ 
news. —This malady depends, as before obferved, on an 
inflammation of the membranes in which they are enve¬ 
loped, and is fomerimes complicated with a rupture ot 
the ligaments which are fituated immediately under the 
iinews. When the lamenefs and fwelling are confide- 
rable, bleed in the (lioulder vein, and give a aofe of phytic ; 
then let the following faturnine poultice be applied, fo 
as to extend from the hoof to the knee, and let it be fre¬ 
quently moiftened with the faturnine lotion. When the 
inflammation and lamenefs have by thefe, mentis abated, 
and yet a.fwelling ftill remains, apply the embrocation 
for drains, rubbing it well on the difeafed part twice or 
three times a-day ; if this thould not fucceed, recourfe 
uiuft be had to a blitter ; it will be advifeable alfo to turn 
the horfe loofe into a large (table or barn for a contiderable 
time : for, fhould he be worked too foon after the acci¬ 
dent, the part is very liable to be injured again, particu¬ 
larly when it has been violent. Should the fwelling con. 
I E R Y. 2 59 
tinue, notwithftandlng thefe Remedies have been carefully 
employed, particularly if it feel callous and hard, and it 
be perfectly free from inflammation, it will be necetfary 
to apply the aftual cautery, vulgarly termed firing ; this 
operation, however, mutt never be performed while any 
inflammation remains.—For the faturnine lotioir, take 
acetated lead, four ounces, vinegar and water, of each 
one pint, well mixed. — For the poultice, take tine bran, 
a quarter of a peck, made into a thin pafte with the hot 
faturnine lotion ; to this add as much linfeed meal as will 
give it a proper confitience.—The embrocation for drains 
is to be thus compounded : take oil of rQternary and cam¬ 
phor, of each two drams, foft foap, one ounce, fpirit of, 
wine, two ounces.—Or, foft foap, fpir.it of wine, oil of 
turpentine, and ointment of elder, of each four ounces, 
well mixed for life. 
Ring-bones. —Thefe are excrefcences anting about 
the fmal! pattern bone near the coronet, or an offification 
of the cartilages of the foot. If taken in its incipient 
ftate, a blitter will probably be of fervice ; but when of 
longer (landing, and large, the aftual cautery mutt be em¬ 
ployed. This remedy, however, is by no means uni¬ 
formly fuccefsful, the complaint being frequently incu¬ 
rable ; and if it has proceeded fo far as to occation a ftiff 
joint, no chance of a cure remains. 
Thorough-pin. —By this term.is meant a fwelling 
both on the intide and outtide of the hock joint. When 
one of the tumours is pretfed with the finger, the fluid 
which it contains is forced into that on the oppofite tide. 
From this communication between the two fwellings, the 
difeafe has obtained its name. It is generally a confe- 
quence of hard work, and therefore difficult to cure ; the 
only remedies are blitters and reft. 
Windgai.ls. —Thefe confift in an enlargement of the 
mucous ta.es, which are placed behind the flexor tendons 
for the purpofe of facilitating their motion. The fwel¬ 
ling appears on each fide of the back (inew, immediately 
above the fetlock joint ; if punftured', they dilcharge a 
fluid refembling the fynovia ; indeed, they frequently 
communicate with the cavity of the joint, and therefore 
cannot be opened without danger of producing an incu¬ 
rable lamenefs. Blitters are the only applications likely 
to be of fervice, and thefe feldom effect a cure unlels 
aftitted by reft. This complaint leldom occafions lame- 
net's, and is therefore not much attended to ; but as it is 
almoft always a confequence of hard work, 'and often 
renders a horfe unfit for much labour, it diminithes his 
value confiderably. Bandages will be found of good ef¬ 
fect, keeping them conftantly moift with the following 
embrocation : muriat of ammonia, one ounce, muriatic 
acid, half an ounce, water, one quart. 
Splents. —Thefe are bony excrefcences about the 
cannon-bone, or between the knee and fetlock joint ; they 
never occafion lavhenefs, unlefs fituated to near the knee 
or back tinews as to impede their motion. Thefe ex. 
crefcences may fometimes be removed by ftrong blitters ; 
but the old method of bruiting and pirnft tiring the part 
before the blifter is applied, teems to be mofit clicctual. 
Spavin. —This is a fwelling on the infide of the hock, 
and is of two kinds: the firtt is termed a toe fpavin, con- 
fitting of a bony excrefcence ; the other a bog, or blood 
fpavin. The former often occafions lamenefs juft bcfoie 
it makes its appearance, and then can be ditcovered only 
by feeling the part, which will be found unufually hot 
and tender. If a blifter be applied at this period of the 
difeafe, it will generally prove fuccefsful ; but when the 
difeafe has exitted for tome time, the cure becomes diffi¬ 
cult. In fuch cafes the aftual cautery thould be applied, 
and the following day a ftrong blifter; after this, two or 
three months at grabs mutt be allowed. 
T.h® 
